Full text of "A new voyage and description of the Isthmus of America. : Giving an account of the author's abode there, the form and make of the country, the coasts, hills, rivers, &c. woods, soil, weather, &c. trees, fruit, beasts, birds, fish, &c. The Indian inhabitants, their features, complexion, &c. their manners, customs, employments, marriages, feasts, hunting, computation, language, &c. With remarkable occurrences in the south-sea and elsewhere."

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■MR

91 ■ r .

lirfnt <Urtrr iVutim

.U -. ■ :, ,^-

VOYA^

NEW-HOLLAND, &t

In the Year 1699.

Wherein are defcribed,

The Canary JQands9 the Ides of Mayo and St. Jago,
The Bay of All-Saints^ with the Forts and Town
of '■ Bahia in Brazil. Cape Salvador -e. The Winds
on the Bra flan Coafl. Abrohlo Shoals. A Table
of all the Variations obferv'd in this Voyage. Oc-
currences near the Cape of Good-Hope. The
Courfe to New-Holland. Shark's Bay. The Ifies
and Coaft, &c. of New-Holland.

Their Inhabitants, Manners, Cuftoms, Trade, &c.
Their Harbours, Soil, Beads, Birds, Fifh. &v.
Trees, Plants, Fruits, &c.

Iiluftrated with feveral Map s and D rau g h t s : Alio divers
Birds, Fiihes and Plants not found in this Par: of the
World, Curioufly Ingraven on Copper- Platan

VOL. III.

By Captain William Dampier.
The Third Edition.

L O N T> O N,

Printed for J ames and J ohn Knapton, at the
Crown in Sc. Paul's Church- Yard. Mdccxxix, .

» ^*-% «.

<J*\> *>"-&*{**

To the Right Honourable ,

THOMAS

Earl of PEMBROKE,

Lord Prefident of Her Maje-
fty*s Moft Honourable Pri-
vy-Council, &*c.

My Lord,

THE Honour I had of being employ 'd
in the Service of his late Majefty of
lllufirious Memory, at the time when
Tour Lordship prefided at the Admiralty, gives
me the Boldnefs to ask Tour 'Protection of the
following Tapers, They confift of fome Remarks
made upon very diftant Climates, which I
fhould have the Vanity to think altogether new^
could I perfuade my felf they had efcafd Tour
Lordfhip's Knowledge. However 1 have been
fo cautious of publifhing any thing in my
whole Book that is generally known, that I
have denfd my felf the T lea fur e of paying the
due Honours to Tour Lordfhip's Name in the
'Dedication* I am afhamd, my Lord, to offer
Tm fo imperfect a Trefent, having not time
A % t@

■■HH

DEDICATION.

to fet down all the Memoirs of my laft Voyage;
But as the particular Service I have now un-
dertaken, hinders me from finishing this Volume y
fo I hope it will give me an Opportunity of
paying my Refpecls to Tour Lordfhip in a new
one.

The World is apt to judge of every thing by
the Succefs j and whoever has ill Fortune will
hardly be allow d a good Name. This, my
Lord, was my Unhappinefs in my late Ex-
pedition in the Roe- buck, which founder d
thro' perfect Age near the If and of Afcenfion.
1 fuffer d extreamly in my Reputation by that
Misfortune 5 thd I comfort my felf with the
Thoughts-) that my Enemies cou'd not charge
any Neglecl upon me. Andfince I have the
Honour to be acquitted by your Lordship's Judg-
ment, I fkould be very humble not to value
my felf upon fo compleat a Vindication. This9
and a World of other Favours y which I have
been fo happy as to receive from Tour Lord-
flip's Goodnefs, do engage me to be with an
everlafiing RefpecJ,

My Lord,
Your Lordfhip's
Moil Faithful and
Obedient Servant,

WILL. VAMTIER.

THE

ililliiiiiissiili

THE

PREFACE.

TH E favourable Reteption my two for-
mer Volumes of Voyages and "Defcrip-
tions have already met with in the World,
gives me Reafon to hope, That notwithftand-
ing the Objections which have been raifed a-
gainft me by prejudiced Perfons, this Third
^Volume likewife may in fome meafure be ac-
ceptable to Candid and Impartial Readers, who
are curious to know the Nature of the Inhabi-
tants, Animals, Plants, Soil, &c. in thofe dif-
tant Countries, which have either feldom or
not at all been vifited by any Europeans.

It has almoft always been the Fate of thofe
who have made new Difcoveries, to be dif-
efteemed and {lightly fpoken of, by fuch as ei-
ther have had no true Relifti and Value for the
Things them] elves that are difcovered, or have
had fome Prejudice againft the "Perfons by
whom the Difcoveries were made. It would be
vain therefore and unreafonable in me to exped
to cfcapc the Ccnfurc of all, or to hope for
A i better

The preface:

better Treatment than far Worthier Perfons
have met with before me. But this Satisfa&ion
I am Cure of having, that the Things them-
/elves in the Difcovery of which I have been
imployed, are mod worthy of our diligenteft
Search and Inquiry ; being the various and
wonderful Works of God in different Parts
of the World : And however unfit a 'Per/on
I may be in other refpeels to have undertaken
this Task, yet at lead I have given a faithful
Account, and have found fome Things undif-
covered by any before, and which may at leaft
be fome AiTiftance and Direction to better qua-
lified Perfons who fhall come after me.

It has been obje&ed againft me by fome,that my
Accounts and Defcriptions of Things are dry and
jejune, not filled with variety of pleafant Mat-
ter, to divert and gratify the Curious Reader,
How far this is true, I muft leave to the World
to judge. But if 1 have been exactly and ftri&ly
careful to give only True Relations and Defcrip-
tions of Things fas I am fure I have 5) and if my
Defcriptions be fuch as may be of ufe not on-
ly to my felf (which I have already in good
meafure experienced) but alfo to others in future
Voyages j and likewife to fuch Readers at
home as are more defirous of a Plain and Juft
Account of the true Nature and State of the
Things defcribed, than of a Polite and Rheto-
rical Narrative: I hope all the Defeds in my
Stile, will meet with an eafy and ready Par-
don,

Others

The 9REFJCE,
Others have taxed me with borrowing from
other Men's Journals j and with Inefficiency,
as if I was not my felf the Author of what I
write, but ptiblimed Things digefted and drawn
up by others. As to the firft Part of this Obje-
ftion, I affure the Reader, I have taken no-
thino- from any Man without mentioning his
Name, except fome very few Relations and
particular ObferVations received from credible
Perfons who defired not to be named ; and
thefe I have always exprcffly diftinguifhed in
my Books, from what 1 relate as of my own
obferving. And as to the latter 5 I think it
fo far from being a Diminution to one of my
Education and Employment, to have what I
write, Revifed and Corrected by Friends; that
on the contrary, the beft and mod eminent
Authors are not afhamed to own the fame
Thing, and look upon it as an Advan-

tage

Laftly, I know there are fome who arc
apt to flight my Accounts and Defcriptions
of Things, as if it was an eafte Matter and
of little or no Difficulty to do all that I have
done, to vifit little more than the Coafts of
Unknown Countries, and make fhort and im-
perfect Obfervations of Things only near the
Shore. But whoever is experienced in thefe
Matters, or confidcrs Things impartially, will
be of a very different Opinion. And any one
who is fenftbie, how backward and refractory
the Seamen are apt to be in long Voyages
A 4 when

The ? RE FACE.

when they know not whither they arc going~
how ignorant they are of the Nature of the
Winds and the fhifting Seafons of the Mon-
foons, and how little even the Officers them-
feives generally are skilled in the Variation of
the Needle and the Ufe of the Azimuth
Compafs ; beftdes the Hazard of all outward
Accidents in ftrange and unknown Seas :
Any one, 1 fay, who is fenfible of thefe Dif-
cultics, will be much more pleafed at the
Difccvcrics and Obfervations I have been able
to make, than difpleafed with me that I did
not make more.

Thus much 1 thought necefTary to premife
in my own Vindication, againft the Objections
that have been made to my former Perform-
ances. But not to trouble the Reader any-
further with Matters of this Nature ; what I
have more to offer, fhall be only in relation
to the following Voyage.

lor the better apprehending the Courfe of
this Voyage, and the Situation of the Places
m ntioned in it, I have here, as in the former
Volumes, cauled a Map to be Ingraven, with
a prick'd Line, reprefenting to the Eye the
whole Thread of the Voyage at one View j
befides Draughts and Figures of particular
Places, to make the Defcriptions I have given
of them more intelligible and ufeful.

Moreover, which I had not-the opportunity
of doing in my former Voyages ; having now
had in the Ship with me a Perfon skilled in

Drawing,

The ¥ RE FACE.

Drawing, I have by ,this means been enabled,
for the greater Satisfaction of the Curious
Reader, to prefent him with exact Cuts and
Figures of feveral of the principal and moft
remarkable of thofe Birds, Beafts, Fifhes and
Plants, which are defcribed in the following
Narrative 5 and alio of feveral, which not be-
ing able to give any better or fo good an
Account of, as by caufmg them to be exactly
Ingraven, the Reader will not find any further
Defcription of them, but only that they were
found in fuch or fuch particular Countries.
The Plants themfelves are in the Hands of the
Ingenious Dr. Woodward. I could have caufed
many others to be drawn in like manner, but
that I refolved to confine my felf to fuch only,
as had fome very remarkable difference in the
Shape of their principal Parts from any that are
found in Europe. 1 have befides feveral Birds
and Fifhes ready drawn, which I could not
put into the prefent Volume, becaufe they were
found in Countries, to the Defcription where-
of the following Narrative does not reach.
For, being obliged to prepare for another Voy-
age, fooner than I at firft expeded 5 I have not
been able to continue the enfuing Narrative
any further than to my Departure from the
Coaft of New Holland. But, if it pleafe God
that I return again fafe, the Reader may ex-
pect a Continuation of this Voyage from my
departure from New Holland, till the foun-
ding of my Ship near the Ifland of Af-
cenfion. In

The PREFACE.

In the mean time, to, make the Narrative
in fome meafure compleat, I mail here add a
Summary Abftrad of that latter part of the
Voyage, whereof I have not had time to draw
out of my Journals a full and particular Ac-
count at large. Departing therefore from the
Coaft of New Holland in the beginning of
September, 1699. (for the Reafons mentioned
Page 107.) we arrived at Timor, Sept. 15;
and anchored off that Ifland. On the 24th
we obtained a fmall Supply of frefh Water
from the Governor of a 'Dutch Fort and
Fa&ory there 3 we found alfo there a Portu-
guese Settlement, and were kindly treated by
them. On the 3d of December we arrived
on the Coaft of New Guinea ; where we found
good frefh Water, and had Commerce with
the Inhabitants of a certain Ifland caird Pub*
Sabuti. After which, palling to the North-
ward, we ranged along the Coaft to the Eafter*
mod Part of New Guinea , which I found
does not join to the main Land of New
Guinea, but is an Ifland, as I have defcribecL
it in my Map, and caird it New-Britain.

It is probable this Ifland may afford many
rich Commodities, and the Natives may be
cafily brought to Commerce. But the many
Difficulties I at this time met with, the want
of Convenience to clean my Ship, the few-
nefs of my Men, their Defire to haften home,
and the Danger of continuing in thefe Cir-
cumftances in Seas where the Shoals and Coafts

were

The PREFACE,

were utterly unknown, and snuft be fearched
out with much Caution and length of Time ;
hindred me from profecuting any further at
preient my intended Search. What I have
been able to do in this Matter for the Publick
Service, will, I hope, be candidly rcceiv d ;
and no Difficulties (hall difcourage me from
endeavouring to promote the fame End, when-
ever I have an Opportunity put into my
Hands.

May 18. in our Return, we arrived at Timor.
June 21, we pad by part of the Ifland Java.
July 4, we anchored in Batavia-Kozd j and
1 went afhore, vifited the 'Dutch General, and
defired the Privilege of buying Provifions that
I wanted, which was granted me. In this
Road we lay till the 17th of October follow-
ing; when, having fitted the Ship, recruited
my felf with Provifions, filled all my Water,
and the Seafon of the Year for returning to-
wards Europe being come 5 I fet Sail from
Batavia, and on the 1 9th of December made
the Cape of Good Hope-, whence departing
Jan< 1 1, we made the Ifland of Santa Hellena
on the 31ft; and February the 21ft, the Ifland
of Afcenjion j near to which my Ship, having
fprung a Leak which could not be flopped,
foundred at Sea; with much difficulty we got
afhore, where we liv'd on Goats and Turtle 5
and on the 26th of February found, to our
great Comfort, on the S, E. Side of a high
Mountain, about half a Mile from its Top, a

Spring

The PREFACE.

Spring of frefh Water. I returned to Eng-
land in the Canterbury Eaft-Indza-Shlp. Por
which wonderful Deliverance from fo many
and great Dangers, I think my felf bound to
return continual Thanks to Almighty God 5
whofe Divine Providence if it (hall pleafe to
bring me fafe again to my Native Country
from my prefent intended Voyage ; I hope to
publifh a particular Account of all the material
Things I obferved in the feverai Places which
I have now but barely mentioned.

THE

?^®j *^P5 JCS^ J«®S j®Pi ?®S? ?^®S ?^s* £

THE

CONTENTS.

CHAP. I.

i/Z£ ^/j departure from the Downs.
A Caution to thofe who fail in the
Channel His Arrival at the Canary-
Iflands. Santa Cruz in TenerifFe 5 the Road
and Town, and Spanilh Wreck. Laguna
T. Lake and Country j and Oratavia 71
and Road. Of the Wines and other
Commodities of TenerifFe,' &c. and the Go-
vernors at Laguna and Santa Cruz. Of
the Winds in thefe Seas. The As Ar-
rival at Mayo. Of the C. Verd Iflands ;
its Salt-pond, compar'd with that of Salt
Tortugaj its Trade {or Salt, and Frape*
boats. Its Vegetables, Silk- Cotton, Sec.
Its Soil, and Towns ; its Guinea-Hen's,
and other Fowls, Beafts, and Fifb. Of
the Sea-Turtles, $cc. laying in the Wet

Seafoiriz

The CONTENTS.

Seafon. Of the Natives, their Trade and
Livelihood. The A!s Arrival at J. St.
Jago ; Proga, and St. Jago Town. Of the
Inhabitants, and their Commodities. Of
the Cufiard-Aj>ple, St. Jago Road. J.
Fogo.

C H A P. H.

The A.'s 'Deliberation on the Sequel of his
Voyage, and departure from St. Jago.
His Courfe, and the Winds, dec. in crof-
fing the Line. He ftands away for the
Bay of All-Saints in Brazil 5 and why.
His Arrival on that Coaft and in the
Bay. Of the feveral Forts, the Road,
Situation, Town, and Buildings of Bahia.
Of its Governour, Ships and Merchants $
and Commodities to and from Europe.
Claying of Sugar. The Seafon for the
European Ships, and Coire Cables: Of
their Guinea-trade, and of the Coafting-
trade, and Whale-killing. Of the Inhabi-
tants of Bahia -, their carrying in Ham-
mocks; Their Artificers, Crane for Goods,
and ^<t%to-Slaves. Of the Country about
Bahia, its Soil and 'ProducJ. Its Timber-
trees-, the Sapiera, Vermiatico, Comeflerie,
Guitteba, Serrie, and Mangroves. The
Baftard-Coco, its Nuts and Cables ; and
the Silk-Cotton-trees, The Brafilian Fruits,
Oranges, &c. Of the Sour-fops, Cafhew's,

The CONTENTS.

And Jennipah's. Of fheir peculiar Fruits,
Arifatvs, Mericafah's, Petango's, Petumbo's,
Mungaroo's, Muckifhaw's, Ingwa's, Otees,
and Mufteran de Ova's. Of the Talm-
berries, Thyfick-nuts, Mendibee's, &c. and
their Roots and Herbs, &c. Of their
Wild-Fowl, Maccaw's, 'Parrots, &c. The
Ycmma, Carrion-Crow and Chattering-
crow, Bill-bird, Currefo, Turtle-dove and
Wild-pigeons 5 the Jenetee, Clocking-hen,
Crab-catcher, Galden, and black Heron:
The 'Ducks, Widgeon and Teal 5 and Ofiriges
to the Southward, and of the cDunghil-
fowls. Of their Cattle, Horfes, &c.
Leopards and Tiger's. Of their Serpents $
the Rattle-Snake, [mail Green- Snake ; Am-
phisbaena, fmall Black and fmall Grey-
Snake -y the great Land, and the great
Water- Snake ; and of the Water-dog. Of
their Sea-fijh and Turtle % and of St* PaulV
Town.

G PI A P. III.

The A.'s Stay and Bujlnefs at Bahia ; Of the
Winds, and Seafons of the Tear there. His
departure for N. Holland. C. Salvadore,
The Winds on the Brafilian Coaft; and
Abrohio Shoal-, Fifb, and Birds: The
Shear-water Bird, and Cooking of Sharks.
Excejfive number of Birds about a dead
Whale 5 Of the Tintado Bird, and the

Tetrel,

The contents;

Tetrel, &c. Of a Bird that fbews the
C. of G. Hope to be near : Of the Sea-
reckonings, and Variations : And a Table
of all the Variations objervd in this Voyage.
Occurrences near the Cape 5 and the A.'s
faffing by it. Of the Wefterly Winds be-
yond it : A Storm, and its Trefages.
The A.'s Courfe to N. Holland ; and Signs
of approaching it. Another Abrohlo Shole
and Storm, and the A.'s Arrival on part
of N. Holland. That part defer ib' d $ and
Sharker Bay, where *he firft anchors. Of
the Land there, Vegetables \ Birds, &c. A
particular fort of Guano : ' Fifh, and beau-
tiful Shells s Turtle, large Shark, and
Water-Serpents. The A.'s removing to
another fart of N. Holland : 'Dolphins,
Whales, and more Sea-Serpents : And of
a Paffage or Streight fufpecled here : Of
the Vegetables, Birds, and Fifh. He an-
chors on a third Tart of N. Holland, and
digs Wells, but brackijh. Of the Inhabi-
tants there, the great Tides ? the Vegetables
and Animals, 6cc.

^Dampiefs

An. 1699.

DJMTIER's Voyage

VOL. III.

-^ Voyage to Terra Auftratas. ||

CHAP. I.

T£e ^.'j Departure from the Downs. A Caution to thofe who
fail in the Channel. His Arrival at the Canary-Iflands. Santa
Cruz in Teneriffe; the Road and Town, and Spanilh Wreck.
Laguna T. Lake and Country ; and Oratavia T. and Road.
Of the Wines and other Commodities of Teneriffe, &c. and the
Governours at Laguna and Santa Cruz. Of the Windi in theje
Seas. The As Arrival at Mayo, one of the C. Verd Iflands ;
its Salt-pond, compar'd with that of Salt-Tortuga; its Trade for
Salt, and Fnpe-foats. Its Vegetables, Silk- Cotton, &c. Its
Soil, and Towns , its Guinea- Hens, and other Fowls, Beafis,
and Tift). Of the Sea-Turtles (&C.) laying in the vet Seafon.
Of the Natives, their Trade and Livelihood. The A fs Arrival
at J. St. Jago, and St. Jago Town. Of the Inhabitants, and
their Commodities. Of the Cuftard- Apple , and the Papah<
St. Jago Road, J. Fogo.

ISail'd from the Downs early on Saturday, Jan.
14. 169!. with a fair Wind, in his Majefty^s
Ship the Roe-buck; carrying but 12 Guns in this
Voyage, and 50 Men and Boys, with 20 Month's
Provifion. We had feveral of the King's Ships in
Company, bound for S-pil-head and Plimouih \ and
by Noon we were off Dungenefs. We parted from
them that Night, and flood down the Channel, but
found our felves nexC Morning nearer the French

OL.

Ill

Coaft

'i An Error noted. C. Finifterre. J. Lanccrota^

'An. 1699. Coaft than we expe&ed ; C. de Hague bearing S. E. and
^^C^ by E. 6 L. There were many other Ships, fome near-
er, fome farther off the French Coaft, who all feem'd
to have gone nearer to it than they thought they
mould. My Mafter, who was fomewhat troubled at
it at firft, was not difpleas'd however to find that he
had Company in his Miftake : Which, as I have heard,
is a very common one, and fatal to many Ships.
The Occafion of it is the not allowing for the Change
of the Variation fince the making of the Charts -,
which Captain Halty has obferv'd to be very confi-
'An Ad- derable. I mall refer the Reader to his own Account
mZfne. of k which he Caus'd to be publifli'd in a fingle Sheet
ceffdry to of Paper, purpofely for a Caution to fuch as pafs to
Be obferv'd &nd fro the Englijh Channel : The Title of it is in the
in the Na- Margin. And my own Experience thus confirming
IflnT to me the Ufefulnefs of fuch a Caution, I was wil-
dowu the nng }° fake this Occafion of helping towards the
channel o/making it the more publick.

England. Not to trouble the Reader with every Day's Run,
nor with the Winds or Weather (but only in the
remoter Parts, where it may be more particularly
ufeful) Handing away from C. la Hague, we made
the Start about 5 that Afternoon ; which being the
I aft Land we faw of England, we reckon'd our De-
parture from thence: Tho' we had rather have ta-
ken k from the Lizard, if the hazy Weather would
have fuffer'd us to have feen it.

The firft Land we faw after we were out of the
Channel was C. Fmifterre, which we made on the
19th 5 and on the 28'th made Lancerota, one of the
Canary Iflands ; of which, and of Allegrance, ano-
ther of them, 1 have here given the Sights, as they
both appeard to us at two feveral Bearings and Di-
ftances. [Table I. N°. 1, 2.]

We were now ftanding away for the Ifland Tehf-
riffe, where I intended to take in fome Wine and
Brandy for my Voyage. On Sunday, half an hour

pafc

*£/« x. C a*ia*-y Mands

^v^

£*i

I,Alleerance, dift , ■ ahout 1 z , Xmayu&s at ik^ ^artngs

S.£ hy£.

S.JS hy S.

I,lancerota Shtu* thus atyjame, time. , dift ■: about jyZ.af theft, Zear,

iS,J J£ S.fryJS.

^*z' I , Alle prance dtjl : dhoutr if Z . at -the, Qearirups
Z.S.JS.

[.Zancerota. Jhe-tvs -thus aty Same, time , dtjt: about if Z

J.x-% J>

Cthe Staht of Z-a.ncer'ata, continued

S,JZ by S, -Tfiij Z&mt-mazk. is part

of I .^rtej^entura

J> Allegrance, J. Tencr. Santa Cruz Road, 3

paft 3 in the Afternoon, we made the Ifland, and An. 1699;
crouded in with all our Sails till 5 ; when the N. E. ^YN^
Point of the Ifle bore W. S. W. dill. 7 Leagues :
But being then (o far off that I could not expect to
get-in before Night, I lay by till next Morning, de-
liberating whether I mould put in at Santa Cruz, or
at Oratavia, the one on the E. the other on the W.
fide of the Ifland ; which lies moftly North and
South ; and thefe are the principal Ports on each Side.
I chofe Santa Cruz as the better Harbour fefpecially
at this Time of the Year) and as belt furnifh'd with
that Sort of Wine which I had occafion to take in
for my Voyage : So there I come to an Anchor
Jan. 30th, in 33 Fathom-water, black {limy
Ground •, about half a Mile from the Shore-, from
which Diftance I took the Sight of the Town [Ta-
ble! N°. 3.]

In the Road, Ships mull ride in 30, 40, or 50
Fathom-water, not above half a Mile from the
Shore at farther!: : And if there are many Ships,
they muft ride clofe one by another. The Shore is
generally high Land, and in moll Places fteep too.
This Road lies fo open to the Eaft, that Winds from
that Side make a great Swell, and very bad going
afhore in Boats : The Ships that ride here are then
often forced to put to Sea, and fometimes to cut
or flip their Anchors, not being able to weigh them.
The befl and fmootheft Landing is in a fmall fandy
Cove, about a Mile to the N. E. of the Road,
where there is good Water, with which Ships that
lade here are fupply'd j and many Times Ships that
lade 2Lt Oratavia, which is the chief Port for Trade,
fend their Boats hither for Water. That is a worfe
Port for WTellerly than this is for Eallerly Winds ;
and then all Ships that are there put to Sea. Between
this Watering-place and Santa Cruz are two little
Forts ; which with fome Batteries fcatter'd along
jffee feoaft command the Road. Santa Crust- j& fel?
B 2 is

4 T. and Wrecks. Way from S. Cruz to Laguna.

^L1^- is a fmall unwalled Town fronting the Sea, guarded
^^y^ with two other Forts to fecure the Road. There
are about 200 Houfes in the Town, all two Stories
high, ftrongly built with Stone, and covered with
Pantile. It hath two Convents and one Church,
which are the belt Buildings in the Town. The
Forts here could not fecure the Spanijh Galleons
from Admiral Blake, tho' they hall'd in clofe under
the main Fort. Many of the Inhabitants that are
now living remember that Action ; in which the
EngJifh batter'd the Town, and did it much Damage ;
and the Marks of the Shot flill remain in the Fort-
Walls. The Wrecks of the Galleons that were
burnt here, lie in 15 Fathom-water : And 'tis faid
that moft of the Plate lies there, tho* fome of it was
haftily carried afnore at Blake's coming in Sight.

Soon after I had anchor'd I went alhore here to
the Governour of the Town, who receiv'd me very
kindly, and invited me to dine with him.the next Day.
I return'd on Board in the Evening, and went a-
fnore again with two of my Officers the next Morn-
ing •, hoping to get up the Hill Time enough to fee
Laguna, the principal Town, and to be back again
to dine with the Governour of Santa Cruz ; for I
was told that Laguna was but 3 Miles off. The Road
is all the way up a pretty fteep Hill ; yet not fo
fteep but that Carts go up and down laden. There
are Publick Houfes fcattering by the Way-fide,
where we got fome Wine. The Land on each Side
feemed to be but rocky and dry ; yet in many Places
we law Spots of green flotirifhing Corn. At far-
ther Distances there were fmall Vineyards by the
Sides of the Mountains, intermixt with Abundance
of wafie rocky JLand,. unfit for Cultivation, which
a horded only Dildo-bufhes. It was about 7 or 8
in the Morning when we fet out from Santa Cruz •
and ic- being fair clear Weather, the Sun fhone very
d warmed us fufficiently before we got to

Laguna T.

and Gardens.

the City Laguna s which we reached about 10 ^An^^
Clock, all fweaty and tired, and were glad to re- "O^
frefh our felves with a little Wine in a ibrry Tip-
lincr-houfe : But we foon found out one of the Eng-
lifi. Merchants that refided here \ who entertained
us handibmely at Dinner, and. in the Afternoon
fhew'd us the Town.

Laguna is a pretty large well-compacted Town,
and makes a very agreeable Profpect. It Hands
part of it againft a Hill, and part in a Level. The
Houfes have moftly ftrong Walls built with Stone
and covered with Pantile. They are not uniform,
yet they appear pleafant enough. There are many-
fair Buildings ■, among which are 2 Parim-Churches,
2 Nunneries, an Hofpital, 4 Convents, and lbme
Chapels -, befides many Gentlemens Houfes, The
Convents are thofe of St. Aiijrin, St. Dominick, St.
Francis, and St. Diego. The two Churches have
pretty high fquare Steeples, which top the 'reft of
the Buildings. The Streets are not regular, yet
they are moitiy fpacious and pretty handibme ; and
near the middle of the Town is a large Parade,
which has good Buildings about it. There is a
ftrong Priibn on one Side of it •, near which is a
large°Conduit of good Water, that fupplies all the
Town. They have many Gardens which are let
round with Oranges, Limes, and other Fruits : In
the middle of which are Pot-herbs, Sallad'mg, Flow-
ers, fcfr. And indeed, if the Inhabitants were cu-
rious this way, they might have very pleaiant Gar-
dens : For as the Town ftands high from the Sea,
on the Brow of a Plain that is all open to the Eair,
and hath confequently the Benefit of the true Trade-
wind, which blows here, and is moil commonly
fair"; fo there are feldom wanting at this Town,
brisk, cooling, and refrefhing Breezes all the
Day.

Qi,

6 Laguna P/f^j, Z,^^, &c. Pike of Ten."

^699- On the Back of the Town there is al arge Plain
Y y of 3 or 4 Leagues in length and 2 Miles wide, pro-
ducing a thick kindly Sort of Grafs, which lookt
green and very pleafant when I was there, like our
Meadows in England in the Spring. On the Eaft-
fide of this Plain, very near the Back of the Town,
there is a natural Lake or Pond of frefh Water. Ic
is about half a Mile in Circumference; but beino-
ftagnant, 'tis only us'd for Cattle to drink of. In
the Winter-time feveral Sorts of wild Fowl refort
hither affording Plenty of Game to the Inhabitants
of Laguna. This City is called Laguna from hence ;
:or that Word in 'Spanijb fignifles a Lake or Pond.
The Plain is bounded on the W. the N. W and
thtS, W. with high fteep Hills ; as high above this
£lain as this is above the Sea ; and 'tis from the
±oot of one of thefe Mountains that the Water of
the Conduit which fupplies the Town, is conveyed
over the Plain, in Troughs of Stone rais'd upon
dinars. And, indeed, confidering the Situation of
the Town, its large Profpecl to the Eaft (Tor from
hence you fee the Grand Canary) its Gardens, cool
Arbors, pleafant Plain, green Fields, the Pond and
Aqueduct and its refrefhing Breezes ; it is a very
cehghtful Dwelling, efpeciaily for fuch as have not
Buimeis that calls them far and often from Home :
*pr the Ifland being generally mountainous, fteep
and craggy, full of Rifings and Fallings, 'tis very
trotiblefome Travelling up and down in it, unlefs in
the Cool of the Morninas and Evenings: And
Mqres and Affes are. m oft us'd by them, "both for
■Kiding and Carriage, as htteft for the ftony, une~
ven 'Roads. ' J

Beyond ^ Mountains, on the S. W. fide, ftill
Blttnej; up, you may fee from the Town and Plain
a irnall pee^a Hill, overlooking the reft. This
is that which rs called • the Pih of Tenenfe, fo much
noted for us Heighrh : But we faw it here at lb great

a Difad-

Wines. Oratavia.^ Verdona-w/»*, Fruits, See. 7

a Difad vantage, by Reafon of the Nearnefs of the^». ^699»
adjacent Mountains to us, that it looked inconfide- {>srY~>*
rable in Refped to its Fame.

The true Malmefy Wine grows in this Ifland ; and
this here is faid to be the beft of its Kind in the
World. Here is alfo Canary-Wine, and Verdona, or
Green-wine. The Canary grows ' chiefly on the
Weft- fide of the Ifland •, and therefore is commonly
fent to Oratavia ; which being the chief Sea- port for
Trade in the Ifland, the principal Englijh Merchants
refide there, with their Conful ; becaufe we have a
great Trade for this Wine. I was told, that that
Town is bigger than Laguna -, that it has but one
Church, but many Convents : That the Port is but
ordinary at beft, and is very bad when the N. W.
Winds blow. Thefe Norwefters give notice of
their Coming , by a great Sea that tumbles in on
the Shore for fome Time before they come, and
by a black Sky in the N. W. Upon thefe
Signs Ships either get up their Anchors, or flip
their Cables and put to Sea, and ply off and on till
the Weather is over. Sometimes they are forced
to do fo . 2 or 3 Times before they can take in
their Lading ; which 'tis hard to do here in the fair-
eft Weather : And for frefti Water, they fend, as I
have faid, to, Santa Cruz. Ver&ona is green, ftrong-
bodied Wine, harfher and fharper than Canary.
sTis not fo much efteemed in Europe, but js ex-
ported to the Weft-Indies, and will keep beft in hot
Countries •, for which Reafon I touch' d here to take
in fome of it for my Voyage. This Sort of Wine
js made chiefly on the Eaft-fide of the Ifland, and
Ihipt off at Santa Cruz. w

Befides thefe Wines, which are yearly vended in
great Plenty from the Canary Iflands (chiefly from
Grand Canary, Teneriffe, and Palma) here is Store of
Grain, as Wheat, Barly and Maiz, which they of-
ten tranfport to other Places. They have alfo fome
B 4 Beans.

8 Animals and Trade of the Canaries.^

^^99- Beans and Peas, and Coches, a Sort of Grain much
like Maiz, fow'd moftly to fatten Land. They have
Papah's, which I IhalJ fpeak more of hereafter ;
Apples, Pears, Plumbs, Cherries, and excellent
Peaches, Apricocks, Guava's, Pomegranates, Ci-
trons, Oranges,. Lemons, Limes, Pumpkins, Oni-
ons the beft in the World, Cabbages, Turnips, Po-'
tato's, &c. They are alfo well Hocked with Hor-
fes, Cows, Affes, Mules, Sheep, Goats, Hogs,
Conies, and Plenty of Deer, The Lancerot Horfes
are faid to be the mofl mettlefome, fleet, and loy-
al Horfes that are. Laftly, here are many Fowls,
as Cocks and Hens, Ducks, Pidgeons, Partridges,
&c with Plenty of Fifh, as Mackril, &c. All the
Canary Iflands have of thefe Commodities and Pro-
vifions more or lefs : But as Lancerota is moil fam'd
for Horfes, and Grand Canary Teneriffe, and PaU
major Wines, Teneriffe efpecially for the beft
Malmefy, (Tor which Reafon thefe 3 Iflands have the
chief Trade) fo is Forteventura for Dunghil-Fowls,
and Gomera for Deer. Fowls and other Eatables
are dear on the Trading Iflands •, but very plentiful
and cheap on the other ; and therefore 'tis beft for
fuch Ships that are going out on long Voyages, and
who defign to take in but little Wine, to touch ra-
ther at thefe laft ; where alfo they may be fupply'd
with Wine enough, good and cheap : And for my
own Part, if I had known' before I came hither, I
fliould have gone rather to one of thofe Iflands than
zoTeneriffe: But enough of this.

Tis reported they can raife 12000 armed Men
on this Ifland. The Governor or General fas he is
call'd) of all the Canary Iflands lives at Laguna :
His Name is Don Pedro de Ponto. He is a Native of
this Ifland, and was not long fince Prefident of Pa-
nama in the South Seas ; who bringing fome very
rich Pearls from thence, which he prefented to the
Queen of Spain, was therefore, as 'tis faid, made

General

Govern, at LagunaWS. Cruz. Trade-Wind. 9

General of the Canary Iflands. The Grand Canary ^ V^9j
is an IOand much fuperiour to feneriffe both in Bulk ^ ^
and Value •, but this Gentleman chufes rather to re-
fide in this his native Ifland. He has the Chara-
cter of a very worthy Perfon ; and governs
with Moderation and Juftice, being very well be-
loved.

• One of his Deputies was the Governor of banta
Cruz, with whom I was to have din'd ; but flaying
fo long at Laguna, I came but Time enough to fup
with him. He is a civil, difcreet Man. He refides
in the main Fort clofe by the Sea. There is a Cen-
tinel Hands at his Door •, and he has a few Servants
to wait on him. I was treated in a large dark lower
Room, which has but one fmall Window. There
were about 200 Muskets hung up againft the Walls,
and fome Pikes-, no Wainfcot, Hangings, nor
much Furniture. There was only a fmall old Table,
a few old Chairs, and 2 or 3 pretty long Forms to
fit on. Having fupp'd with him, I invited him on
Board, and went off in my Boat. The next Morn-
ing he came aboard with another Gentleman in his
Company, attended by 2 Servants : But he was pre-
fently Sea-fick, and fo much out of order, that he
could fcarce eat or drink any Thing, but went
quickly afhore again.

Havino- refrefh'd my Men afhore, and taken. in
what we had occafion for, I fail'd away from Santa
Cruz on Feb. 4. in the Afternoon ; haftening out all
I could, becaufe the N. E. Winds growing ftorroy
made fo great Sea, that the Ship was fcarce late m
the Road ; and I was glad to get out, tho' we left
behind feveral Goods we had bought and paid for :
For a Boat could not go afhore ; and the Strefs was
fo great in weighing Anchor, that the Cable broke.
I defign'd next for the I. of Mayo, one of the C
Verd Wands ; and ran away with a ftrong N. E,
Wind, right afore it, all that Night and the next

Day,

10 Pike of Ten. J. Mayo, one of the C. VerdV
^V^99-Day, at the Rate of 10 or n Miles an Hour;
S^TFv; when it flackened to a more moderate Gale. The
Canary Iflands are, for their Latitude, within the u-
fual Verge of the true or general Trade- Wind ;
which I have obferv'd to be, on this Side the Equa-
tor, N. Eafterly : But then lying not far from the
African Shore, they are moil fubjecl: to a N. Wind,
which is the Coafting and conjiant Trade, fweeping
that Coaft down as low as to C. Verd; which fpread-
mg in Breadth, takes in moftly the Canary Iflands ;
tho' it be there interrupted frequently with the true
Trade- Wind, N. Weft- Winds, or other Shifts of
Wind that Ifiands are fubjecl: to ; efpecially where
they he many together. The Pike of Ten-eriffe,
which had generally been clouded while we lay at
Santa Cruz, appear'd now all white with Snow ho-
vering over the other Hills > but their Height made
it feem the lefs confiderable j for it looks molt re-,
markable to Ships that are to the Weftward of it
We had brisk N. N. E. and N. E. Winds from Te-
nenffe ; and faw Flying-fifli, and a great deal of Sea-
thiftle Weed floating. By the 9th of Feb. at Noon
we were in the Lat. of 15 d. 4 m. fo we fteered a
Wajf,W. N. W. for the I. of Mayo, being by Judg-
ment, not far to the E. of it, and at 8 a Clock in
the Evening lay by till Day. The Wind was then
at W. by South, and fo it continued all Night, fair
Weather, and a fmall eafy Gale. All thefe were
great Signs, that we were near fome Land, after ha-
ving had fuch conftant brisk Winds before. In the
Morning after Sun-rife, we faw the Ifland at about
4 Leagues diflance. But it was fo hazy over it, that
we could fee but a fmall Part of it ; yet even
by that Part I knew it to be the Ifle of Mayo. See
how it appear'd to us at feveral Viezvs, as we were
compaffingtheE. the S. E. and the S. of it, to set
to the Road, on the S. W. of it, [Table II N° 1
2, 3,] and the Road it felf [N°. 4.]

I got

#?>• IJlayo., at XZ. lift -,y S, -point cover <L with a,$cg ■ '

ffffx. I

Mavo at -ihe.fi Z^ea-rind* .'then if $ath ; til Coral, about;

^F7 I .^ayo . [landing au«y *ct/S. W. -point of it, dift.J^ -» t'/w. ^^1^

Coafts of J. Mayo. 1 1

I got not in till the next Day, Feb. u. when I An. 1699,
come to an Anchor in the Road, which is the Lee- V-OT>J
ward Part of the Ifland ', for 'tis a general Rule,
never to anchor to Wind-ward of an Ifland between
the Tropicks. We anchored at 11 a Clock in 14
Fathom clean Sand, and very fmooth Water, about
three quarters of a Mile from the Shore, in the fame
Place where I anchor'd in my Voyage round the World-,
and found riding here the Newport of London, *
Merchant Man, Captain Barefoot Commander, who
welcomed me with 3 Guns, and I returned one for
Thanks. He came from Fayal one of the V/eftern
Iflands j and had Store of Wine and Brandy aboard.
He was taking in Salt to carry to New-found-land,
and was very glad to fee one of the King's Ships,
being before our coming afraid of Pyrates ; which,
of late Years, had much infefted this and the reft of
the Cape Vera1 Iflands.

I have given fome Account of the Ifland of Mayo,
and of other of thefe Iflands, in my Voyage round the
World, [Vol. I. p. 70.] but I ftiall now add fome
further Obfervations that occurr'd to me in this
Voyage. The I. of Mayo is about 7 Leagues in
Circumference, of a roundifh Form, with many
fmall rocky Points fhooting out into the Sea a Mile,
or more. Its Lat. is 15 d. N. and as you fail about
the Ifle, when you come pretty nigh the Shore, _ you
will fee the Water breaking off from thofe Points -,
which you mult give a Birth to, and avoid them. I
fail'd at this Time two Parts in three round thel-
fland, but faw nothing dangerous befides thefe
Points • and they all Ihew'd themfelves by the Break-
ing of the Water : Yet 'tis reported, that on the N.
and N. N. W. Side there are dangerous Sholes, that
lye farther off at Sea •, but I was not on that Side.
There are 2 Hills on this Ifland of a confiderable
Heighth \ one pretty bluff, the other peeked at top.
The reft of the Ifland is pretty level, and of a goo4

Heighth

1 2 Sdt-Tondof J. Mayo. Salt-kerning,

rAn. i699.He!ghth from the Sea. The Shore clear round
,WN* hath fancjy gayS5 between the rocky Points I fpake

df j and the whole Ifland is a very dry Sort of

Soil.

On the Weft-fide of the Ifle where the Road for
Ships is, there is a large fandy Bay, and a Sand-
bank, of about 40 Paces wide within it, which runs
along the Shore 2 or 3 Miles ; within which there
is a large Salina or Salt-pond, contained between
the Sand- bank and the Hills beyond it. The whole
Salina is about 2 Miles in length, and half a Mile
wide ; but above one half of it is commonly dry.
The North End only of the' Pond never wants Wa-
ter, producing Salt from November till May, which
is here the dry Seafon of the Year. The Water
which yields this Salt, works in from out of the
Sea through a Hole in the Sand-bank before-menti-
oned, like a Sluce, and that only in Spring-tides ;
when it fills the Pond more or lefs, according to
the Height of the Tides. If there is any Salt in
the Ponds when the Flufh of Water comes in, it
presently diffolves : But then in 2 or 3 Days after it
begins to kern \ and fo continues kerning till either
ail, or the greater! part of the Salt-water is con-
geal'd or kern'd • or till a frefli Supply of it comes
in again from the Sea. This Water is known to
come m only at that one Paffage on the N. part of
the Pond ; where alfo it is deepeft. It was at a,
Spring of the New Moon when I was there ; and I
was told that it comes in at no other Time but at
the New Moon Spring-tides : But why that mould
be I can't guefs. They who come hither to lade
Salt rake it up as it kerns, and lay it in Heaps on
the dry Land, before the Water breaks in a-new •
And this is obfervable of this Salt-pond, "that the
Salt kerns only in the dry Seafon, contrary to the
Sal^ponds m the Weft. Indies, particularly thofe of
•• the Ifland Sah-Tvrtuga, which! have formerly men-

tioned

and Trade, "Sn^t-boats defer ibed. 1 3

tioned [Vol.L p. 56.] for they never kern . there ^699^
till the Rains come in about April; and continue -^ ^
to do fo in May, June, July, &c. while the wet
Seafon lafts ■, and not without fome good Shower
of Rain firft : But the Reafon alfo of this Difference
between the Salt-ponds of Mayo, and thofe of the
m/i-Indies, why thefe mould kern in the wet Seafon,
and the former in the dry Seafon, I mail leave to

Our°Nation drives. here a great Trade for Salt,
and have, commonly a Man of War here for the
Guard of our Ships and Barks that come to take it
in ; of which I have been informed that in feme
Years there have not been lefs than ioain a Year.
It cofts nothing but Men's Labour to rake it toge-
ther, and wheel it out of the Pond, except the Car-
riage : And that alfo is very cheap i the Inhabitants
having Plenty of Affes, for which they have little
to do befides carrying the Salt from the Ponds to
the Sea-fide at the Seafon when Ships are here. The
Inhabitants lade and drive their Affes themfelves be-
ing; very glad to be imploy'd ; for they have fcarce
any other Trade but this to get a Penny by. The
Pond is not above half a Mile from the Lanamg-
place, fo that the Affes make a great many Trips
fn a Day. Thev have a fet Number of Turns to
and fro both Forenoon and Afternoon, which then-
Owners will not exceed. At the Landing-place there
lies a Frape-btzt, as our Seamen call it, tc .take in
the Salt. . 'Tis made purpofely ^jhu IJfc, with
a Deck reaching from the Stern a third Part of the
Boat ? where there is a kind of Bulk-head that rifes
not from the Boat's Bottom, but from the Edge of
the Deck, to about 2 Foot in Heighth ; all calk d
very tight. The _Ufe of it is to keep the Waves
from darning into the Boat, when | lies with us
Head to the Shore, to take in Salt : For nere com-
monly runs a great Sea j and when the Boat lies Q

** Frape-^Aj- defcribed.

>»• ^9- with its Head to the Shore, the Sea breaks in over
the Stern, and would foon fill it, was it not for
this Bulk-head, which flops the Waves that come
flowing upon the Deck, and makes them run off
into the Sea on each Side. To keep the Boat thus
with the Head to the Shore, and the Stern to the
Sea, there are two ftrong Stantions fet up in the
Boat ; the one at the Head, the other in the Middle
of it agamft the Bulk-head, and a Foot higher than
the Bulk-head. There is a large Notch cut in the
Top of each of thefe Stantions big enough for a
imall Hazer or Rope to lie in ; one End of which
is faften'd to a Poll amore, and the other to a Grap-
iing or Anchor lying a pretty way off at Sea : This
Rope ferveth to hale the Boat in and out, and the
Stantions ferve to keep her faft, fo that me cannot
iwing to either Side when the Rope is hal'd tight •
For the Sea would dk fill her, or tofs her amore
and ftaveher. The better to prevent her Having
and to keep her the tighter together, there are two
Sets or Ropes more : The firft going athwart from
Ounnal to Gunnal, which, when the Rowers Ben-
ches are laid, bind the Boats Sides fo hard againft
the Ends of the Benches that they cannot eafily fall
af unaer, while the Benches and Ropes mutually help
each other ; the Ropes keeping the Boat's Sides from
flying off, and the Benches from being crufh'd to-
gether inwards. Of thefe Ropes there are ufually
but two, dividing the Boat's length, as they go a-
crofs the Sides, into there equal Parts. The other
Set of Ropes are more in Number, and are fo
piac'd as to keep the Ribs and Planks of the Boat
from ftarting off. For this Purpofe there are Holes
made at certain Diilances through the Edge of the
Keel that runs along on the Infide of the Boat;
through which thefe Ropes paffing are laid along
the Ribs, fo as to line them, or be themfelves al
Ki-os upon rhem, being made faff to them by Rat-
tan" s

Jtqt'ioats howmanagd. I. Mayo. Silk Cotton, i $
tan's brought thither, or fmall Cords twitted clofe f^$9$
about both Ropes and Ribs, up to the Gunnai : By ^V^
which Means tho' feveral of the Nails or Pegs of the
Boat mould by any Shock fall out, yet the Ropes
of thefe two Sets might hold her together : Efpe-
cially with the Help of a Rope going quite round a-
bout the Gunnai on the out -fide, as our Long-boats
have. And fuch is the Care taken to ftrengthen the
Boats-, from which girding them with Ropes,
which our Seamen call / raping, they have the Name
of Frape-boats. Two Men fuffice to hale her in
and out, and take in the Salt from Shore (which is
brought in Bags J and put it out again. As foon as the
Boat is brought nigh enough to the Shore, he who
Hands by the Bulk-head takes inftantly a turn with
the Hazer about the Bulk-head-Stantion •, and that
flops her faft before the Sea can turn her afide :
And when the two Men have got in their Lading,
they hale off to Sea, till they come a little without
the Swell ; where they remove the Salt into another
Boat that carries it on board the Ship. Without fuch
a Frape-bozt here is but bad Landing at any Time :
For tho' 'tis commonly very fmooth in the Road,
yet there falls a great Sea on the Shore, fothat every
Ship that comes here mould have fuch a Boat, and
bring, or make, or borrow one of other Ships that
happe'n to be here ; for the Inhabitants have none. I
have been thus particular in the Defcription of thefe
Fr^-boats, becaufe of the Ufe they may be of in ,
any Places where a great Sea falls in upon the Shore :
as it doth efpecially in many open Roads in the Eaft
and Weft-Indies £ where they might therefore be very
ferviceable •, but I never faw any of them there.

The Ifland Mayo is generally barren, being dry,
as I faid ; and the beft of it is but a very indifferent
Soil. The fandy Bank that pens in the Salt-pond
hath a Sort of Silk Cotton growing upon it, and a
Plant that runs along 'upon the Ground, branching

out

16 Silk and other Cotton. Soil of I. Mayo.'
Jin. 1699. out like a Vine, but with thick broad Leaves. The
^^v^- Silk-Cotton grows on tender Shrubs, 3 or 4 Foot
high, in Cods as big as an Apple, but of a long
Shape ; which when ripe open at one End, parting
Jeifurely into 4 Quarters ; and at the firft opening
the Cotton breaks forth. It may be of ufe for fluff-
ing of Pillows, or the like ; but elfe is of no Value,
any more than that of the great Cotton-tree. I
took of thefe Cods before they were quite ripe,
and laid them in my Cheft ; and in 2 or 3 Days
they would open and throw out the Cotton. Others
I have bound fail with Strings, fo that the Cod
could not open ; and in a few Days after, as foon
as I flackned the String never fo little, the Cod
would burft, and the Cotton fly out forceably, ac
a very little Hole, juil as the Pulp out of a roafting
Apple, till all has been out of the Cod. I met with
this Sort of Cotton afterwards at Timor (where ic
was ripe in November) and no where dk in all my
Travels ; but I found two other Sorts of Silk-cot-
ton at Brazil, which I ihall there defcribe. The
right Cotton-fhrub grows here alfo, but not on the
Sand-bank. I faw fome Bullies of it near the Shore ;
but the molt of it is planted in the Middle of the
Jfle, where the Inhabitants live, Cotton-cloth being
their chief Manufacture ; but neither is there any
great Store of this Cotton. There alfo are fome
Trees within the Ifland, but none to be feen near
the Sea-fide • .nothing but a few Bufhes fcattering
up and down againft the Sides of the adjacent Hills ;
tor, as I faid before, the Land is pretty high from
the Sea. The Soil is for the moft part either a Sort
of Sand, or loofe crumbling Stone, without any
freih Water Ponds or Streams, to moiilen it -, but
only Showers in the Wet-feafon, which run off as
faft as they fall ; except a fmall Spring in the Mid-
dle of the I fie, from which proceeds a little Stream
of Water that runs through a Valley between the

Hills.

Towns, &c. Guinea- Hens defer ibed. 17

Hills. There/ the Inhabitants, live in three fmall^». 1699*
Towns, having a Church and Padre in each Town : -^"V'NJ
And thefe Towns, as I was inform'd, are 6 or 7
Miles from the Road. Pinofe is faid to be the chief
Town, and to have 2. Churches : St. John's the next ;
and the third Lagoa. The Houfes are very mean';
fmall, low Things. They build with Fig-tree j
here being, as I was told, no other Trees fit to
build with. The Rafters are a Sort of wild Cane.
The Fruits of this Ifle are chiefly Figs, and Water-
Melons. / They have alfo Callavances fa Sort of
Pulfe like French BeansJ and Pumpkins, for ordina-
ry Food. The Fowls are Flamingo's, Great Cur-
lews, and Guinea-Hens ; which the Natives of thofe.
Iflands call Gallena Pintata, or the Painted Hen ;
but in Jamaica, where I have fee-n alfo thofe Birds
in the dry Savannah's and Woods, (for they love
to run about in fuch Places J they are call'd Guinea- 1

Hens. They feem to be much of the Nature of Par-
tridges. They are bigger than our Hens, have long
Legs, and will run apace. They can fly too, but not far,
having large heavy Bodies, and but Ihort Wings and
ihort Tails : As I have generally obferved that Birds
have feldom long Tails unleis fuch as fly much ; in
which their Tails are ufually ferviceable to their turn-
ing about, as a Rudder to a Ship or Boat. Thefe
Birds have thick and ftrong, yet fharp Bills, pretty
long Claws, and ihort Tails. They feed on the
Ground, either on Worms, which they find by
tearing open the Earth ; or on Graihoppers, which
are plentiful here. The Feathers of thefe. Birds are
fpeckled with dark and light Grey •, the Spots fo
regular and uniform, that they look more beautiful
than many Birds that are deck'd with gayer Feathers.
Their Necks are fmall and long ; their Heads alfo
but little. The Cocks have a fmall Rifing on their
Crowns, like a Sort of a Comb. 'Tis of the Co-
lour of a dry Wallnut-fhell, and very hard. They

C ft ' ^ave

1 8 Birds &nd Beafts of I Mayo.^

'An. 1699. have a fmall red Gill on each fide of their Heads*
VV^ like Ears, ftrutting out downwards ; but the Hens
have none. They are fo fbrong that one cannot
hold them ; and very hardy. They are very good
Meat, tender, and lweet ; and in fome the Flefh. is
extraordinary white-, tho' fome others have black
Flefh : But both Sorts are very good. The Natives
take them with Dogs, running* them down whene-
ver they pleafe ; for here are Abundance of them.
You mail fee 2 or 300 in a Company. I had fe-
veral brought aboard alive, where they throve ve-
ry well ; fome of them 1 6 or 18 Months ; when
they began to pine. When they are taken young
they will become tame like our Hens. Ttla&'Flamin-
go's I have already defcrib'd at large, [Vol. I.
p. 79.] They have alfo many other Sort of Fowls,
mz. Pidgeons and Turtle-doves ; Miniota's, a Sort
of Land-fowls as big as Crows, of a grey Colour,
and good Food ; Crufia% another Sort of grey-
colour' d Fowl almoft as big as a Crow, which are
only feen in the Night, (probably a Sort of Owls)
and are faid to be good for confumptive People,
but eaten by none elfe. Rabek's, a Sort of large
grey eatable Fowls with long Necks and Legs,
not unlike Herons -, and many Kinds of fmall
Birds,

Of Land- Animals, here are Goats, as I faid for-
merly, and AfTes good Store. When I was here
before they were laid to have had a great many
Bulls and Cows : But the Pirates, who have fince
miferably infefled all thefe Iflands, have much lef-
fen'd the Number of thofe ; not Having fpar'd the
Inhabitants themfelves : for at my being there this
Time the Governor of Mayo was but newly return'd
from being a Prifoner among them, they having ta-
ken him away, and carried him about with them for
a Year or two.

The

Fijh, and laying of Turtle, The Nat. of I. Mayo. 1 9

The Sea is plentifully ftock'd with Fifh of divers 4»- lfy&
Sorts, viz. Dolphins, Boneta's, Mullets, Snappers, ^^T^
Silver- fifh, Gar-fifh, &c. and here is a good Bay
to hale a Sain or Net in. I hal'd mine feveral Times,
and to good Purpofe ; dragging amore at one
Time 6 Dozen of great Fifh, moft of them large
Mullets of a Foot and a half or 'two Foot long.
Here are aifo Porppfes, and a fmall Sort of Whales,
that commonly vifit this Road every Day. I have
already faid, [Vol. I. p. 75.] That the Months of
May, June, July and Augufi, (that is, the wet Sea-
Ion) are the Time when the green Turtle come hi-
ther, and go afhore to lay their Eggs. I look up-
on it as -a Thing worth taking Notice of, that the
Turtle fhould always, both in North and South La-
titude, lay their Eggs in .the wet Months. It might
he thought, confidering what great Rains there are
then in fdme Places where thefe Creatures lay, that
their Eggs fhould be fpoiled by them. But the
Rain, tho' violent, is foon" foaked up by the Sand,
wherein the Eggs are buried ; and perhaps finks not
fo deep into it as the Eggs are laid : And keeping
down the Heat may make the Sand hotter below
than it was before* like a Hot-bed. Whatever the
Eeafon may be why Providence determines thefe
Creatures to this Seafon of laying their Eggs, ra- '
ther than the dry, in Fact it is fo, as I have con-
frantly obferv'd ; and that not only with the Sea-
Turtle, but with all other Sorts of amphibious Ani- .
mals that hiy Eggs •, asCrocodils, Alligators, Gua- |
no's, Z3c. The Inhabitants of this Ifland, even
their Governour and Padre's, are all Negro's,
Wool-pated like their African- Neighbours ; from
whom 'tis like they are defcerided •, tho' being Sub-
jects to the Portugeuze, they have their Religion and
Language. They are ftout, lufty, well-limb'd
People, both Men and Women, fat and flefhy ;
and they and their Children as round and plump as
' . C 2 • little.

20 Employments of the Natives]

f^Ll699- little Porpofes •, tho' the Ifland appears fo barren
•"^v^-* to a Stranger as fcarce to have Food for its In-
habitants. I inquired how many People there might
be on the Ifle ; and was told by one of the Padre's
that here were 230 Souls in all. The Negro-Gover-
nour has ftis Patent from. the Portugueze Governour
of St. Jago. He is a very civil and fenfible poor
Man •, and they are generally a good Sort of People.
He expects a fmall Prefent from every Commander
that lades Salt here ; and is glad to be invited aboard
their Ships. He fpends moft of -his Time with the
Englijh in the Salting Seafon, which is his Harveft ;
and indeed, all the Slanders are then fully employed
in getting fomewhat; for they have no VerTels of
their own to trade with, nor do any Portugueze-Vef-
fels come hither : fcarce any but Englifh, on whom
they depend for Trade : and tho' Subjects of Portu-
gal, have a particular Value for us. We don't pay
them for their Salt, but for the Labour of them-
felves and their Beafts in lading it : for which we
give them Victuals, fome Money, and old Cloaths,
viz. Hats, Shirts, and other Cloaths : By which
Means many of them are indifferently well rigg'd ;
but fome of them go almoft naked. When the Tur-
tle-feafon comes in they watch the Sandy-bays in
the Night to turn them ; and having fmall Huts
at particular Places on the Bays to keep them from
the Rain, and to deep in : And* this is another Har-
veft they have for Food ; for by Report there come
l a great many Turtle to this and the reft of the Cape
Vera1 Iflands, When the Turtle Seafon is over they
have little to do, but to hunt for Guinea-Hens, and
manage their fmall Plantations. But by thefe Means
they have all the Year fome Employment or other ;
whereby they get a Subfiftence, tho' but little eKe.
When any of them are defirous to go over to St,
Jago they get a Licence from the Governour, and de-
ike Paftage in any Englijh Ship that is going thither :

And

jffes. I St. Jago; Pray a.' . , 21

And indeed all Ships that lade Salt here will be ob- An^J%99°
liged to touch at St Jago for Water, for here at ^^
the Bay is none, not fo much as for drinking'. 'Tis
true there is a fmall Well of brackifh Water not
half a Mile from the Landing-place, which the Af-
fes that carry Salt drink at ; but 'tis very bad Wa-
ter. A fifes themfelves area Commodity in fqme of
thefe Iflands, feveral of our Ships coming hither
purpofely to freight with them, and carry them to
Barbadoes and our other Plantations. I ftay'd at
Mayo 6 Days, and got 7 or 8 Ton of Salt aboard
for my Voyage : In which Time there came alfo in-
to this Road feveral Sail of Merchants Ships for
Salt *, all bound with it for Newfoundland,

The 19th Day of February, at about One a Clock
in the Morning I weighed from Mayo-Road., in or-
der to water at St.. Jago, Which was about 5 or 6
Leagues ta the Weftward. We coafted along the
ftland Si, Jago, and pall by the Port on the Eaft of
it, Imention'd formerly [Vol. I. p. 76-] which they
call Praya; where fome Englijh outward-bound
Eaft- India Mm ftill touch, but not fo many of them
as heretofore. We faw the Fort upon the Hill, the
Houfes and Coco-nut Trees : But I would not go
in to anchor here, becaufe I expecled better Water
on the S. W. of .the Ifland, at St. Jago Town. By
8 a Clock in the Morning we faw the Ships in that
Road, being within 3 Leagues of it : But were forc'd
to keep Turning many Hours to get in, the Flaws
of Wind coming fo uncertain •, as they do efpecial-
ly to the Leeward of Iflands that are high Land. At
length two Portugueze Boats came off to help tow us
in -, and about 3 a Clock in the Afternoon we came
to an Anchor \ and took the Profpect of the Town,
[Table H.- N°. 5.] We found here, befides two.
Portugueze- Ships bound for Brazil, whofe Boats had
tow'd us in, an Englijh Pink that had taken in Af-
fes at one of the* Cafe Verd Iflands3 and was bound

2 2 7J&* ^. arrives at St. Ja. T. St. Ja. T. described.
rAn. 1699. to Barbadoes with them. Next. Morning I went &
^VV fhore with my OiEcers to the Governour, who treat-
ed us with Sweet-meats : I told him, the Occafion
of my coming was chiefly for Water •, and that I
defired alfo to take in fome Refreshments of Fowls,'
&c. He faid I was welcome, and that he would or-
der the Townfmen to bring their Commodities to a
certain Houfe, where I might purchafe what I had
occafion for : I told him I had not Money, but would
exchange fome of the Salt which I brought from
Mayo for their Commodities. He reply'd, that
Salt was indeed an acceptable Commodity with the
poor People, but that if I defign'd to buy any Cat-
tle, I muft.give Money for them. I contented my
felf with taking in Dunghill Fowls : The Governour
ordering a Cryer to go about the Town and give
Notice to the People, that they might repair to fuch
a Place with Fowls and Maiz for feeding them,
Where they might get Salt in Exchange for them i
So I fent on Board for Salt, and order'd fome of my
Men to truck the fame for the Fowls and Maiz,
While the reft of them Were bufy in filling of Water.
This is the Eilecl of their keeping no Boats of their
own on the feveral Iflands, that they are glad to
buy even their own Salt of Foreigners, for want
of being able to tranfport it themfelves from Ifland
to Ifland,

$r, Jago Town lies on the S. W. part of the Ifland,
in Lat, about 1 5 beg. N. and is the Seat of the Ge>
fieral GoverriOii r, and of the Bifhop of all the Cape
Verd Iflands.. This Town flands fcattering againft
the Sides of two Mountains, between which there is
a deep Valley, which is about 200 Yards wide a^
gainft the Sea \ but within a quarter of a Mile it do-
te up fo as not to be 40 Yards wide. In the Valley,
by the Sea, there is a ftraggling Street, Houfes on
each Side, and a Run of Water in the Bottom, which
empties it fe]f into a Erie fmall Cove or fandy Bay,

where

Natives of St. Jago. Sugar. Wine. Fruits] if

where the Sea is commonly very fmooth ; fo that -^/^9*
here is good Watering and good Landing at any ^OTNJ
Time i tho' the Road be rocky and bad for Ships.
Juft by the Landing-place there is a fmall Fort, al-
moft level with the Sea, where is always a Court of
Guard kept. * On the Top of the Hill, above the
Town, there is another Fort ; which, by the Wall
that is to be feen from the Road, feems to be a large
Place. They have Cannon mounted there, but how
many know I not: Neither what ufe that Fort can
be of, except it be for Salutes. The Town may
confift of 2 or 3 oo Houfes, all built of rough Stone j ■
having alfo one Convent, and one Church.

The People in general are black, or at leaf! of a .
mixt Colour, except only fome few of the better
Sort, viz. the Governour, the Bifhop, fome Gen-
tlemen, and fome of the Padres ; for fome of thefe
alfo are black. The People about Praya are
Thievifh ; but thefe of St. J ago Town, living under
their Governour's Eye, are more orderly, tho* ge-
nerally poor, having little Trade : Yet befides
chance Ships of other Nations, there come hither a
Portugueze Ship or two every Year, -in their way to
Brazil. Thefe vend among them a few European
Commodities, and take of their principal Manufa-
ctures, viz. ftriped Cotton-cloth, which they carry
with them to Brazil. Here is alfo another Ship
comes hither from Portugal for Sugar, their other
Manufacture, and returns with it directly thither :
For 'tis reported that there are feveral fmall Sugar-
works on this Ifland, from which they fend home
near ioo Ton every Year •, and they have Plenty
of Cotton growing up in the Country, wherewith
they cloath themfelves, and fend alfo a great deal to
Brazil. They have Vines, of which they make fome
Wine ; but the Eoropean Ships furnifh them with bet-
ter-, tho5 they drink but little of any. Their chief
Fruits are, (befides Plantains in Abundance; O- .
C 4 ranges.

24 Cuftard-<^&. PapaPh

r^i699.rangeSj Lemons, Citrons, Melons, (both Musk and
Y^ "Water-melons) Limes, Guava's, Pomegranates
Quinces, Cuftard-Apples, and Papah's, &c.

■m The Cuftard- Apple fas 'we call it) is a Fruit as
big -as a Pomegranate, and much of the fame Colour.
The out-fide Husk, Shell or Rind, is/or Subftance
and Thicknefs between the Shell of a Pomegranate,
and the Peel of a &w7-Orange ; fofter than this,
yet more brittle than that. The Coat or Covering
. is alfo remarkable in that it is befet round with fmall '
regular Knobs or Rifings ; and the ftifide of the

■ Fruit is full of a white foft Pulp, fweet and very
pleafant, and moll refembling a Cuftard of any
Thing, both in Colour and Tafte ; from whence
probably it is called a Cuftard-Apple by our Englljh.
It has in the Middle a few fmall black Stones or
Kernels •, but no Core, for 'tis all Pulp. The Tree
that bears this Fruit is about the Bignefs of a Quince-
tree, with long, fmall, and thick-fet Branches fpread
much abroad : At the Extremity of here and there
one of which the Fruit grows upon a Stalk of its own
about 9 or 10 Inches long, (lender and tough, and
hanging down with its own Weight. A large Tree of
this Sort does not bear ufually above 20 or 30 Ap-
ples j feldom more. This Fruit grows in moft Coun-

• tries within the Tropicks. I have feen of them ftho' I
omitted the Defcription of them before; all over the
■Weft-Indies, both Continent and Iflands ; as alfo in
Brazil, and in the Eaft-Indies.

The Pa pah too is found in all thefe Countries,
though 1 have not hitherto defcrib'd it. It is a Fruit
about the Bignefs of a Musk-Melon, hollow as that

. is, and much refembling it in Shape and Colour,
: both Outfide andlnfide: Only in the Middle, hv
ftead of flat Kernels, which the Melons have, thefe
have a handful of fmall blackifh Seeds, about the
Bignefs of Pepper-corns ; whofe Tafte is -alfo hot on
the Tongue fomewhat like Pepper. The Fruit it

• felf

Papah/ Beafts of St. Jago. Animals of St. Jago: 2 5

felf is fweet, foft and lufcious, when ripe; but^»^99j
while green 'tis hard and unfavory : tho' even then ^">f>*
being boiled and eaten with Salt-pork or Beef, it
ferves inftead of Turnips, and is as much efteemed.
The Papah-Tree is about 1 o or 1 2 Foot high. The
Body near the Ground may be a Foot and an half
or 2 Foot Diameter ; and it grows up tapering to
the Top. It has no Branches at all, but only large
Leaves growing immediately upon Stalks from the
Body. The Leaves are of a roundifh Form andjagg'd
about the Edges, having their Stalks or Stumps long-
er or fhorter as they grow near to or further from
the Top. They begin to fpring from out of the
Body of the Tree at about 6 or 7 Foot heightli
from the Ground, the Trunk being bare below :
But above that the Leaves grow thicker and larger
ftill towards its Top, where they are clofe and
broad. The Fruit grows only among the Leaves ;
and thickeft among the thickeft of them -, infomuch
that towards the Top of the Tree the Papahs fpring
forth from its Body as thick as they can flick one by
another. But then lower down, where the Leaves
are thinner, .the Fruit is larger, and of the Size I
have defcrib'd : And at the Top, where they are^
thick, they are but fmall, and no bigger than ordi-
nary Turnips ; yet tailed like the reft.

'Their chief Land- Animals are their ' Bullocks,
which are faid to be many ; tho' they ask us 20 Dol-
lars apiece for them •, They have alfo Horfes, AfTes,
and Mules, Deer, Goats, Hogs, and black-fac'd
long-tail'd Monkeys. Of. Fowls they have Cocks
and Hens, Ducks, Guinea-Hens, both tame and wild,
Parrakites, Parrots, Pidgeons, Turtle-Doves, He-
rons, Hawks, Crab-catchers, Galdens fa larger Sort
of Crab-catchers) Curlews, &c. Their Fifli is the
fame as at Mayo and the reft of thefe Wands, and
for the moft part thefe Iflands have the fame Beafts
and Birds alfo ; But forne of the liles have Paftu-
•• : rage

Its Road. I. Fogo.

rAn. 1699. rage and Employment for fome particular Beafts

W^ more than other -, and the Birds are incourag'd,

by Woods for Shelter, and Maiz and Fruits for

Food, to flock rather to fome of the Iflands (as to

this of St. Jago) than to others.

^..JagQ Road is one of the worft that I have
been in. There is 'not clean Ground enough for a-
bove three Ships; and thofe alfo mull lye very near
each other. One even of thefe muft lye clofe to the
Shore, with a^Land-faft there .:. And that is the beft
for a fmall Ship. I mould not have come, in here
if I had not been told that it was a good fecure
Place -, but I found it fo much otherways, that I
was in Pain to be gone. Captain Barefoot, who
, came to an Achor while I was here, in foul Ground,
loft quickly 2 Anchors \ and I had loft a fmall one.
The-Ifland Fogo fhews its felf from this Road very
plain, at about 7 or 8 Leagues diftance ; and in
the Night we faw the Flames of Fire ilTuing from
its Top.

CHAP.

The Contents. The A, depgns jot Brazil.

An. 1699.

CHAP, II.

he A's Deliberation on the Sequtlof his Voyage, and Departure
from St. Jago. His Courfe, and the Winds, Uc. in cr-offing the
Line. He fianixaway for the Bay of All-Saints in Brazil; and
why. His Arrival on that Coafi and in the Bay. Of the fede-
ral Forts, the Road, Situation, Town, and Buildings of Bahia;
O/ its Governour, Ships and Merchants ; and Commodities to
and from Europe. Claying of Sugar. The Sea/on for the Euro-
pean Ships, and Coire Cables : Of their Guinea-frW*. and of
the Coafling-trade, and Whale-killing. Of the Inhabitants of Ba-
hia ; their carrying in Hammocks ; their Artificers, Crane jot
Goods, and Negro-Slaves, Of the Country about Bahia, its
Soil and Producl. Its Timber trees', the Sapiera, Vermiatico,
Comeflerie, Guitteba, Serrie, and Mangroves. The Baflard-
Coco, its Nuts and Cables-, and the Sil^-Cotton-trees. The Bra-
filian Fruits, Oranges, Sec. Of the Sour-fops, Cafiiew's, and
Jennipah's. Of their peculiar Fruits, Arifah's, Merieafah's,
Petango's, Petumbo's, Mungaroo's, Muckiftiaws, Ingwa's,
Otee's, and Mufteran de ova s. Of the Palm-berries, phyftck-
nutst Mendibee's, &c and their Roots and Herbs, &e. Of
their Wild-Fowl, Maccaws, Parrots, &c. fkYemraa, Carri*
en-crow, and Chattering-crow, Bill-bird, Currefo, Turtle dove
and Wild-pigeons; the jenetee, Clocking-hen, Crab catcher.
Golden, and black Heron: The Ducks, Wigeon and Teal; and
Ofirtches to the Southward, and of the Dunghill fowls. Of
their Cattle, Horfes, &c. Leopards and Tigers. Of their Ser-
pents; the Rattle-Snake, fmall Green-Sna\e, Amph'isbsena,
fmall black and fmall Grey-Snake ; the great Zand, and the
great Water- Snake : And of the Water -dog. Of their Sea-fifh
and turtle ; and of St. Paul's Town. ■

HAving diipatch'd my fmall Affairs at the C,
Verd Iflands, I meditated on the Procefs of
my Voyage. I thought it requifite to touch once
more at a cultivated Place in thefe Seas, where my
Men might be refrefh'dj and might have a Market
wherein to furnim themfelves with Neceffaries : For
defigning that my next Stretch mould be quite to
JV. Holland, and knowing that after fo long a Run
nothing was to be expected there but frefh Water,
if I could meet even with that there, I refolved up-
on

■

2S The A. departs from St. Jago.

^0. 1699.cn putting in firft at fome Port of 'Brazil, and to
>^VNa' provide my felf there with whatever I might have
further Occafion for.' Befide the refreshing and fur-
' mfhing: my Men, I aim'd alfo at the inuring them
gradually and by Intervals to the Fatigues that were,
to be expecled in the Remainder of the Voyage,
which was to be in a part of the World they were
altogether Strangers to ; none of them, except two
young Men, having ever crofs'd the Line,

With this Defign I fail'd from St. Jago on the
2 2d of February, with the Winds at E. N. E and
N. E. fair Weather, and a brisk Gale. We fleered
away S.^ E. and S. S. E. half Eaft, till in the Lat.
of 7 deg. 50. min. we met with many Riplings in
the Sea like a Tide or ftrong Current, which fetting
againft the Wind caus'd fuch a Ripling. We con-
tinu'.d to meet thefe Currents from that Lat. till we
came into the Lat of 3 deg. 22 N. when they ceafed.
During this Time we faw fome Boneta's, and
Sharks -, catching one of thefe. We had the true
general Trade -Wind blowing frefh at N. E. till in
the Lat. of 4 deg. 40 min. N. when the Wind varied,
and we had fmall Gales, with fome Tornadoes. We
were then to the Eaft of St. Jago 4 deg. 54 min.
when we got into Lat. 3 deg. 2 min. N. (where I
faid the Ripling ceas'd^) and Long, to the Eaft of
St. Jago 5 deg. 2 min. we had the Wind whiffling
between the S. by E. and E. by N. fmall Gales, fre-
quent Calms, very black Clouds, with much Rain.
In the Lat. of 3 deg. 8 min, N, and Long. E. from
St. Jago 5 deg. 8 min. we had the Wind from the
S. S. E. to the N. N. E. faint, and often interrup-
ted with Calms. While we had Calms we had the
Opportuity of trying the Current we had met with
hitherto, and found that.it fet'N. E. by E. half a
•• Knot, which is 12 Mile in 24 Hours : So that here
it ran at the Rate of half a Mile an Hour, and had
been much ftronger before* The R^ins held us

The A. crops the Line:

by Intervals till the Lat. of 1 deg. o min. N. with rfij. 1699;
fmall Gales of Wind between S. S. E. and S. E. by ^V*V
E. and fometimes calm : Afterwards we had the
Wind between the S. andS. S. ?. till we crofs'd the
Line, fmall Winds, Calms, and pretty fair Wea-
ther. We faw but. few Fifh befide Porpofes j but .
of them a great many, and flruck one of them.

It was the 10th of March, about the Time of the
Equinox, when we crofs'd the Equator, having had
all along from the Lat. of 4 deg. 40 min. N where
the true Trade-Wind left us, a great Swell out ot
the S. E. and but fmall uncertain Gales, rhoftly
Southerly, fo that we crept to the Southward but
(lowly. I kept up againft thefe as well as I could ^
the Southward, and when we had now and then a
Flurry of Wind at E. I ftill went away due South,
purpofely to get to the Southward as faft as I could ;
for while near the Line I expe&ed to have but uncer-
tain Winds, frequent Calms, Rains, Tornadoes,
fcfr. which would not only retard my Courfe, but
endanger Sicknefs alfo among my Men : efpecially
thofe who were ill provided with Cloaths, or were
too lazy to fhift themfelves when they were drench'd
with the Rains. The Heat of the Weather made
them carelefs of doing this j but taking a Dram of
Brandy, which I gave them when wet, with a
Charge to fhift- themfelves, they would however lye
down in their Hammocks with their wet Cloaths ;
fo that when they turn'd out they caus'd an ill Smell
where-eyer they came, and their Hammocks would
ftink fufficiently -, that I think the remedying of this
is worth the Care of Commanders that crofs the
Hne\ efpecially 'when they are, it may be, a
Month or more e'er they get out of the Rains, at
fometimes of the Year, as. in June, July, or Am
tuft..

What

lo Obfervations for cr offing the Line. The A.

'Jn. 1699. What I have here faid about the Currents, Winds,
^^ Calms, &c. in this Paffage, is chiefly for the farther
Illuftration of what I have heretofore obferv'd in ge-
nera! about thefe Matters, and efpecially as to
croffing the Line, in my Difcourfe of the Winds, &c„
in the horrid Zone:. [See Vol. II, Part 3. p. 5, 6.]
Which Obfervations I have had very much con-
firmed to me in the Courfe of this Voyage ; and I
fhall particularize in feveral of the chief of them as
they come in my Way. And indeed I think I may
fay this of the main of the Obfervations in that
^reatije, that the clear Satisfaction I had about them,
and how much I might rely upon them, was a great
Eafe to my Mind during this vexatious Voyage ;
wherein the Ignorance, and Obftinacy withal, of
fome under me, occafion'd me a great deal of Trou-
ble: Tho" they found all along, and were often
fore'd to acknowledge it, that I was feldom out in
my Conjectures, when T told them ufually before-
hand what Winds, &c. we Ihould meet with at
fuch or fuch particular Places we mould come at.
Pernambuc was the Port that I defigned for at my
. firft fetting out from St. J. ago ; it being a Place'moft
proper for my Purpofe, by Reafon of its Situation,
lying near the Extremity of C. St. Augufiine, the
■Eafternmoft Promontory of Brazil ; by which
means it not only enjoys the greater Benefit of the
Sea-breezes, and is confequendy more healthy than
other Places to the Southward, but is withal lefs fub-
jectto the Southerly Coafting- Trade-winds, t,hatblow
half the Year on this Shore .; which were now draw-
ing on, and might be troublefome to me : So that
I might both hope to reach fooneft Pernambuc, as
t moil directly and neareft in my Run *, and might

rhence a'lfo more eafily get away to the Southward
than from Babia de Taaos los Santos^ or Ria Ja-
neira.

But

defignsforVtt. andwhy he quitted that *Defign. 31

But notwithftanding thefe Advantages I propos'd^». 1699;
to my felf in going to Pernambuc, I was foon put ^V^
by that Defign through, the Refractorinefs of fome
under me, and the Difcontents and Backwardnefs
of fome of my Men. For the Calms and Shiftings
of V/in-ds which I met with, as I was to expect, in
croffing the Line, made them, who were unacquain-
ted with thefe Matters, almoft heartlefs as to the
Purfuit of the Voyage, as thinking we fhould never
be able to weather Cape St. Augujtine : And though
I told them that by that Time we fhould get to a-
bout three Degrees South of the Line,* we fhould
again have a true brisk general Trade-Wind y
from the North-Eaft, that would carry us to what
part of Bttfzri~wc pleas'd, yet they would not be-
lieve it till they found it fo. This, with fome other
unforefeen Accidents, not necefiary to be mention'd
in this Place, meeting with the Averfion of my Men
to a long unknown Voyage, made me juftly appre-
henfive of their Revolting, and was a great Trouble
and Hindrance to me. So that I was obliged partly
to alter my Meafures, and met with many Difficul-
ties, the Particulars of which I fhall not trouble the
Reader with : But I mention thus much of it in ge-
neral for my own neceffary Vindication, in my ta-
king fuch Meafures fometimes for profecuting the
Voyage as the State of my Ships Crew, rather than
my own Judgment and Experience, determin'd me
to. The Disorders of my Ship made me think at
prefent that P&mambuc would not be fo fit a Place
for me -, being told that Ships ride there 2 or 3
Leagues from theTown, under the Command of
no Forts j fo that whenever I fhould have been a-
Jhore it might have been eafy for my difcontented
Crew to nave cut or dipt their Cables, and have gone
away from me: Many of them difcovering already
an intention to return to England^ and fome of them-
declaring openly that they would go no further on-

. wards

He refolvesfor the B. of A\l~St$. Arrival at BrazJ

rAn. 1699. wards than Brazil. I alter'd my'Courfe therefore,
sy^)T^' and ftood away for Bahlo de todos los Santos, or the;
Bay of all Saints, where I«hop'd to have the Go-
vernor's Help, if need fhould require, for fecu-
• ring my Ship from any fuch mutinous Attempt ; be-
ing forced to keep my felf all the way upon my
Guard, and to lie with my Officers, fuch as I could
truft, and with fmall Arms upon the Quarter-Deck ;
it fcarce being fafe for me to lie in my Cabbin, by
Reafon of the Difcontents among my Men.

On the 23d of March we faw the Land of Brazil ;
having had'thither, from the Time when we came
into the true Trade-wind again after cro fling the
Line, very fair Weather and brisk Gales, moftly a&
E. N. E. The Land we faw was about 20 Leagues
to the North of Babia ; fo I coafted along Shore to
the Southward. • This Coaft is rather low than high,
with Sandy-Bays all along by the Sea.

A little within Land are many very white Spots
of Sand, appearing like Snow ; and the Coaft looks,
very pleafant, being checker'd with Woods and Sa^
vannahs. The Trees in general are not tall ; bufj
they are green and fiourifhing.' There are many *
fmall Houfes by the Sea-fide, whpfe Inhabitants are
chiefly Fifhermen. They come off to Sea on Bark-
logs, made of feveral Logs faften'd Side to Side,
that have one or two Mafts with Sails to them..
There are two Men in each Bark-log, one at either
End, having fmall low Benches, raifed a little above
the Logs, to fit and fifh on, and two Baskets hang-
ing up at the Maft or Mafts ; one to put their Pro-.
vifions in, the other for their Fifh. Many of thefe
were a-fiihing now, and 2 of them came aboard, of
whom I bought fome Fifh. In the Afternoon we
failed by one very remarkable Piece of Land, where,
on a fmall pleafant Hill, there was a Church dedi-
• cated to the Virgin Mary. See a Sight of fome
Parts of this Coaft [Table III. N.1*, 1, 2, 3, 4,5^]

■■■'•"- and

*$' Sufhr of ±h*p!- Copts Wi&r,from C, Salvador

Jty-h-tjrom abutct 1 M.Jromy 'Zhrir c^b^^

Zhe. Cathedral

^drll udnchtimTia arotm.cl -within. A, 'J^xtJratn,

Bakia de todos los ^

S ail+o S Ixnvn 8C j£^rhtjur .

X>ictz>h '^arir

■x^:h ajAtrU 8C3%coy

^% tijBoirvt of yJLand,

JS.fi, gy, C. of G-,3£-t}p4 a.f 10 Z.

,- s JP§^ di/h: from, y J'rihle. Zand.

S. tJ. -LJ.

°\ (Jl) -tujfjtfutAutetnl of y l&thle. JroneL, at a.tmctj}Z. dijl
Eb.^Ti-JS from -th-e. 3*dble. "

X.S.Z.

The Author anchor d at Bahia de T. S.

3 3

and of the Hill the Church ftands on [Table III. *»• »6?9«

NM.] ( ^^

I coafted along till the Evening, and then
brought to, and lay by till the next Morning. A-
bout 2 Hours after we were brought to, there came
a Sail out of the Offin (from Seaward) and lay by
about a Mile to Windward of us, and fo lay all
Night. In the Morning upon fpeaking with her,
fhe proved to be a Portugueze Ship bound to Bahia ;
therefore I fent my Boat aboard and defired to have
one of his Mates to Pilot me in : He anfwer'd,
that he had not a Mate capable of it, but that he
would fail in before me, and fhew me the way ;
and that if he went into the Harbour in the Night,
he would hang out a Light for me. He faid we had
not far in, and might reach it before Night with a
tolerable Gale ; but that with fo fmall an one as
now we had we could not do it : So we jogg'd on
till Night, and then he accordingly hung out his
Light, which we fleered after, founding as we went
in. I kept all my Men on Deck, and had an An-
chor ready to let go on occafion. We had the
Tide of Ebb againft us, fo that we went in but
flowly ; and it was about the Middle of the Night
when we anchor'd. Immmediately the Portugueze
Mailer came aboard to fee me, to whom I returned
Thanks for his Civilities ; and indeed I found much
Refpect, not only from this Gentleman, but from
all of that Nation both here and in other Places,
who were ready to ferve me on all Occafions. The
Place that we anchored in was about two Miles from
the Harbour where the Ships generally ride t but the
Fear I had left my People fhouldsrun away with
the Ship, made me haften to get a Licence from the
Governour, to run up into the Harbour, and ride
among their Ships, dole by one of their Forts. So
on the 25th of March about 10 a Clock in the
Morning, the Tide ferving, I went thither, being
Vol. III. D piloted

34 Bahia Harbour and Fortf.

rAn. 169$. piloted by the Super-intendant there, whofe Bufinefs
^"Y^ it is to carry up all the King of Portugal's Ships that
come hither, and to fee them well moored. He
brought us to an Anchor fight againft the Town,
at the outer Part of the Harbour, which was then
full of Ships, within 150 Yards of a fmall Fort that
ftands on a Rock half a Mile from the Shore. . See
a Profpect of the Harbour and the Town, as it ap-
pear'd to us while we lay at Anchor, [Table III.

No. 5-1
, . Bahia ie todos los Santos lies in Lat. 13. deg. S. It
is the moft confiderable Town in Brazil, whether in
Refpett of the Beauty of its Buildings, its Bulk, or
its Trade and Revenue. It has the Convenience of
a good Harbour that is capable of receiving Ships
of the greateft Burthen : The Entrance of which is
guarded with a ftrong Fort {landing without the
Harbour, call'd St, Antonio : A Sight of which I
have given [Table III. N°. 4.] as it appeared to us
the Afternoon before we came in ; and its Lights
(which they hang out purpofely for Ships) we faw the
fame Night. There are other fmaller Forts that
command the Harbour, one of which ftands on a
Rock in the Sea, about half a Mile from the Shore*
Clofe by this Fort all Ships muft pafs that anchor
here, and muft ride alfo within half a -Mile of it at
fartheft between this and another Fort (that ftands
on a Point at the inner part of the Harbour and is
called the Dutch Fort) but muft ride neareft to the
former, all along againft the Town : Where there is
good holding Ground, and lefs expofed to the Sou -
therly Winds that blow very hard here. They com-
monly fet in about April, but blow hardeft in May,
June, July and Augufi : But the place where the Ships
ride is expofed to thefe Winds not above 3 Points
of the Compafs.

Befide

Bahia Town defcribect.

Befide thefe, there is another Fort fronting xhzAn. 1699;
Harbour, and Handing on the Hill upon which the ^OT^**
Town ftands. The Town it felf confifts of about
2000 Houfes ; the major part of which cannot be
feen from the Harbour ; but fo many as appear in
Sight^ with a great Mixture of Trees between them,
and all placed on a rifing Hill, make a very pleafant
Profpect j as may be judg'd by the Draught, [Ta-
ble III. N°. 5.]

There are in the Town 13 Churches, Chapels,
Hofpitals, Convents, befide one Nunnery ^ viz. the
Ecclefia Major or Cathedral, the Jefuits College,
which are the chief, and both in Sight from the Har-
bour : St. Antonio, Sta. Barbara, both Parifh-
Cnurches ; the Francifians Church, and the Domini-
cans \ and 2 Convents of Carmelites ; a Chapel for
Seamen clofe by the Sea-fide, where Boats common-
ly land, and the Seamen go immediately to Prayers ;
another Chapel for poor People, at the farther End
of the fame Street, which runs along by the Shore ;
and a third Chapel for Soldiers, at the Edge of the
Town remote from the Sea ; and an Hofpital in the
Middle of the Town. The Nunnery ftands at the
outer-edge of the Town next the Fields, wherein by-
Report there are 70 Nuns. Here lives an Arch-bi-
fhop, who has a fine Palace in the Town ; and the
Governor's Palace is a fair Stone-building, and looks
handfome to the Sea, tho' but indifferently furnifh'd
within : Both Spaniards and Portugueze in their Plan-
tations abroad, as I have generally obferv'd, affect-
ing to have large Houfes -, but are little curious a-
bout Furniture, except Pictures fome of them,
The Houfes of the Town are 2 or 3 Stories high,
the Walls thick and ftrong, being built with Stone,
with a Covering of Pantile •, and many of them
have Balconies. The principal Streets are large,
and all of them pav'd or pitch'd with fmall Stones.
There are alfo Parades in the mod eminent Places

D 2 of

— —

The Govern. Sold, and Merchants of Bahia?

^i^99- of the Town, and many Gardens, as well within
^sy^ the Town as in the Out-parts of it, wherein are
Fruit-trees, Herbs, Salladings and Flowers in great
Variety, but order'd with no great Care nor Art.

The Governour who refideshere is call'd Don John
de Lancaflrio, being defcended, as they fay, from
our Englijh Lancafter Family ; and he has a Refpect
for our Nation on that Account, calling them his
Country-men. I waited on him feveral Times, and
always found him very courteous and civil. Here
are about 400 Soldiers in Garrifon. They com-
monly draw up and exercife in a large Parade be*
fore the Governour's Houfe ; and many of them at-
tend him when he goes abroad. The Soldiers are
decently clad in brown Linnen, which in thefe hot
Countries is far better than Woollen ; but I never
faw any clad in Linnen but only thefe. Befide the
Soldiers in Pay, he can foon have fome Thoufands
of Men up in Arms on occafion. The Magazine
is on the Skirts of the Town, on a fmall Rifing be-
tween the Nunnery and the Soldiers Church. 5Tis
big enough to hold 2 or 3000 Barrels of Powder ;
but I was told it feldom has more than 100, fome-
times but 80. There are always a Band of Soldiers
to guard it, and Centinels looking out both Day
and Night.

A great many Merchants always refide at Bahia 5
for 'tis a Place of great Trade : I found here above
30 great Ships from Europe, with 2 of the King of
Portugal's Ships of War for their Convoy j befide
2 Ships that traded to Africa only," either to Angola^
Gamba, or other Places on the Coaft of Guinea ;
and Abundance of fmall Craft, that only run to and
fro on this "Coaft, carrying Commodities from one
Part of Brazil to another.

The Merchants that live here are faid to be rich,
and to have many Negro-Shves in their Houfes,
both of Men and Women. Themfelves are chiefly

Portugueze>

Commodities from and to E ur ope^

Portugueze, Foreigners having but little Commerce J»
with them ; yet here was one Mr. Cock an Engli/h
Merchant, a very civil Gentleman and of good Re-
pute. He had a Patent to be our Engli/h Conful,
but did not Care to take upon him any publick Cha-
racter, becaufe Engli/h Ships feldom come hither,
here having been none in 1 1 or 12 Years before
this Time. Here was alfo a Dane, and a French
Merchant or two •, but all have their Effects tranf-
ported to and from Europe m Portugueze Ships,
none of any other Nation being admitted to trade
hither. There is a Cuftom-houfe by the Sea-fide,
where all Goods imported or exported are entred.
And to prevent Abufes there are 5 or 6 Boats
that take their Turns to row about the Harbour,
fearching any Boats they fufpect to be running of
Goods.

The chief Commodities that the European Ships
bring hither, are Linnen-cloaths, both coaife and
fine \ fome Woollens alfo, as Bays, Searges, Per-
petuana's, &k Hats, Stockings, both of Silk
and Thread, Bisket-bread, Wheat-flower, Wine
(chiefly Port) Oil-Olive, Butter, Cheefe, &c. and
Salt-beef and Pork would there alfo be good Com-
modities. They bring hither alfo Iron, and ail '
Sorts of Iron-Tools ; Pewter- VeiTels of all Sorts,
as Dimes, Plates, Spoons, &c. Looking-glalTes,
Beads, and other Toys > and the Ships that touch
at St. Jago bring thence, as I faid, Cotton-cloath,
which is afterwards fent to Angola,

The European Ships carry from hence Sugar, To-
bacco, either in Roll or Snuffy never in Leaf, that
I'know of: Thefe are the Staple Commodities. Be-
fides which, here are Dye-woods, as Fuftick, fcfo
with Woods for other Ufes, as fpeckled Wood,
Brazil, &c. They alfo carry home raw Hides,
Tallow, Train-Oil of Whales, &V. Here are alfo
D 3 kept

3* Claying of Sugar. Sea/on for European Ships:

An. 1699. kept tame Monkeys, Parrots, Parrakites, &c. which

^*'rV>v tne Seamen carry home.

The Sugar of this Country is much better than
that which we bring Home from our Plantations :
For all the Sugar that is made here is clay'd, which
makes it whiter and finer than our Mufcovada, as we
call our unrefin'd Sugar. Our Planters feldom re-
fine any with Clay, unlefs fometimes a little to fend
Home as Prefents for their Friends in England.
Their way of doing it is by taking fome of the
whiteft Clay and mixing it with Water, till 'tis like
Cream. With this they fill up the Pans of Sugar,
that are funk 2 or 3 Inches below the Brim by the
draining of the Moloffes out of it: Firft fcraping
off the thin hard Cruft of the Sugar that lies at the
Top, and would hinder the Water of the Clay from
foaking through the Sugar of the Pan. The refi-
ning is made by this Percolation. For 10 or 12
Days Time that the clayifh Liquor lies foaking
down the Pan, the white Water whitens the Sugar
as it paffes thro' it ; and the grofs Body of the Clay
it felf grows hard on the Top, and may be taken
off at Pleafure j when fcraping off with a Knife the
very upper-part of the Sugar, which will be a little
fullied, that which is underneath will be white almoft
to the Bottom : And fuch as is called Brazil Su-
gar is thus whiten'd. When I was here this Sugar
was fold for 50 s. per 100 It. And the Bottoms of
the Pots, which is very coarfe Sugar, for about
20 s. per 100 it. both Sorts being then fcarce ; for
here was not enough to lade the Ships, and there-
fore fome of them were to lye here till the next
Seafon.

The European Ships commonly arrive here in Fe-
bruary or March, and they have generally quick
Paflages ; finding at that Time of the Year brisk
Gales to bring them to the Line, little Trouble,
then, in croffing it, and brisk E, N. E. Winds af-
terwards

Gum&L-Trade. Coafting-Tradel 39

terwards to bring them hither. They commonly An, 1*99.
return from hence about the latter End of May, or ^Y>^
in June. 'Twas faid when I was here that the Ships
would fail hence the 20th Day of May ; and there-
fore they were all very bufy, fome in taking in their
Goods, others in careening and making themfelves
ready. The Ships that come hither ufually careen
at their firft coming -, here being a Hulk belonging
to the King for that Purpofe. This Hulk is under
the Charge of the Superintendent I fpoke of, who
has a certain Sum of Mony for every Ship that ca-
reens by her. He alfo provides Firing and other
NeceflTaries for that Purpofe : And the Ships do
commonly hire of the Merchants here each 2 Ca-
bles to moor by all the Time they lye here, and fo
fave their own Hempen Cables ; for thefe are made
of a Sort of Hair, that grows on a certain Kind of
Trees, hanging down from the Top of their Bodies,
and is very like the black Coyre in the Eaft-Indies,
if not the fame. Thefe Cables are ftrong and lad-
ing : And fo much forthe European Ships.

The Ships that ufe the Gam^-Trade are fmali
VefTels in Comparifon of the former. They carry
out from hence Rum, Sugar, the Cotton-cloaths
of St. Jago, Beads, &c. and bring in Return,
Gold, Ivory, and Slaves 1 making very good Re-
turns.

The fmall Craft that belong to this Town are
chiefly imployed in carrying European Goods from
Babia, the Center of the Brafilian Trade, to the o-
ther Places on this Coaft •, bringing back hither Su-
gar, Tobacco, ;&a They are failed chiefly with
Negro-Slaves j and about Chriftmas thefe are moftly_
imployed in Whale-killing : For about that Time of
the Year a Sort of Whales, as they call them, are
very thick on this Coaft, They come in alfo into
the Harbours and inland Lakes, where the Seamen
go out and kill them, The Fat of them is boiled
P 4 ta

40 Wh ale-Oil. Shipping:

lf^99- to Oil ; the Lean is eaten by the Slaves and poor
% ^ People : And I was told by one that had frequently
eaten of it, that the Flefh was very fweet and whol-
iome. Thefe are faid to be but fmall Whales ; yet
here are fo many, and fo eafily kill'd, that they get
a great deal of Money by it. Thofe that ftrike them
buy their Licence for it of the King : And I was in-
form'd that he receives 30000 Dollars per Annum for
this Fifliery. All the fmall VeiTels that ufe this
Coaftmg Traffick are built here ; and fo are fome
Men of War alfo for the King's Service. There
was one a building when I was here, a Ship of 40
or 50 Guns : And the Timber of this Country is
■very good and proper for this Purpofe. J was told
it was very ftrong, and more durable than any we
have m Europe % and they have enough of it. As
for their Ships that ufe the European Trade, fome
of them that I faw there were Englijh built, taken
from us by the French, during the late War, and
fold by them to the Portuguese.

Befides Merchants and others that trade by Sea
from this Port, here are other pretty wealthy Men,
and feveral Artificers and Trades-men of moll Sorts,
who by Labour and Induftry maintain themfelves
very well ; efpecially fuch as can arrive at the Pur-
chafe of a Negro-Slave or two. And indeed, ex-
cepting People of the loweft Degree of all, here are
fcarce any but what keep Slaves in their Houfes.
The richer Sort, befides the Slaves of both Sexes
whom they keep for ferviie Ufes in their Houfes,
have Men Slaves who wait on them abroad, for
State! either running by their Horfe-fides when
they ride out, or to carry them to and fro on their
Shoulders in the Town when they make ihort Vifits
near Home. Every Gentleman or Merchant is pro-
vided with Things neceffary for this Sort of Car-
nage. The main Thing is a pretty large Cotton
Hammock of the Weji-hdia Faftyon, but moftly

- died

damage in Hammocks. Artificers. Butchers. 41

died blue, with large Fringes of the fame, hanging ^^699.
down on each Side. This is carried on the Negro's {S>iSJ
Shoulders by the help of a Bambo about 12 or 14
Foot long, to which the Hammock is hung -, and a
Govering comes over the Pole, hanging down on
each Side like a Curtain : So that the Perfon fo car-
ry'd cannot be feen unlefs he pleafes •, but may either
lye down, having Pillows for his Head ; or may fit
up by being a little fupported with thefe Pillows,
and by letting both his Legs hang out over one Side
of the Hammock. When he hath a Mind to be
feen he puts by his Curtain, and falutes every one
of his Acquaintance whom he meets in the Streets ;
for they take a Piece of Pride in greeting one ano-
ther from their Hammocks, and will hold long Con-
ferences thus in the Street: But then their 2 Slaves
who carry the Hammock have each a ftrong well-
made Staff, with a fine Iron Fork at the upper End,
and a fharp Iron below, like the Reft for a Musket,
which they flick fall: in the Ground, and let the Pole
or Bambo of the Hammock reft upon them, till
their Mafter's Bufinefs or the Complement is over.
There is fcarce a Man of any Fafhion, efpecially a
Woman, will pafs the Streets but fo carried in a
Hammock. The chief Mechanick Traders here,
are Smiths, Hatters, Shoemakers, Tanners, Saw-
yers, Carpenters, Coopers, &c. Here are alfo
Taylors, Butchers, &c. which laft kill the Bullocks
very dexteroufly, flicking them at one Blow with a
fharp-pointed Knife in the Nape of the Neck, ha-
ving firft drawn them clofe to a Rail ; but they drefs
them very flovenly. It being Lent when I came hi-
ther, there was no buying any Flefh till Eafter-TLve,
when a great Number of Bullocks were kuTd at once
in the Slaughter-houfes within the Town, Men,
Women and Children flocking thither with great
Joy to buy, and a Multitude of Dogs, almoft
flarv'd, following them j for whom the Meat feem'd

fitteft,

Negroes; Crane for Goods.

w^'??** k was foIean' AH thefe Trades-men buy
: v Negroes, and train them up to their feveral Employ-
ments, which is a great HeJp to them ; and they ha-
ving fo frequent Trade to Angola, and other Parts
of Guinea, they have a conftant Supply of Blacks
both for their Plantations and Town. Thefe Slaves
are very ufeful in this Place for Carriage, as Porters *,
for as here is a great Trade by Sea, and the Land-
ing-place is at the Foot of a Hill, too fteep for
drawing with Carts, fo there is great need of Slaves
to carry Goods up into the Town, efpecially for the
inferiour Sort : But the Merchants have alfo the
Convenience of a great Crane that goes with Ropes
or Pullies, one End of which goes up while the
other goes down. The Houfe in which this Crane
is, ftands on the Brow of the Hill towards the Sea,
hanging over the Precipice ; and there are Planks
fet fhelving againft the Bank from thence to the
Bottom, againft which the Goods lean or Aide as
they are hoifted up or let down. The Negro-Shves
in this Town are fo numerous, that they make up
the greateft Part or Bulk of the Inhabitants : Eve^
ry Houfe, as I faid, having fome, both Men and
Women, of them. Many of the Portugueze, who
are Batchelors, keep of thefe black Women for
Miffes, tho' they know the Danger they are in of
being poyfon'd by them, if ever they give them any
Occafion of Jealoufy. A Gentleman of my Ac-
quaintance, who had been familiar with his Cook-
maid, lay under fome fuch Apprehenfions from her
when I was there. Thefe Slaves alfo of either Sex
will eafily be engaged to do any Sort of Mifchief ;
even to Murder, if they are hired to do it, efpeci-
ally in the Night ; for which Realon, I kept my
Men on board as much as I could ; for one of the
French King's Ships being here, had feveral Men
murtfcer'd by them in the Night, as. I was credibly
inform5 d.

Having

The Count, about Bahia. The Brafil. Tree s, &e. 43"

Having given this Account of the Town of Ba~An. 1699^
hia, I fhall next fay fomewhat of the Country. ^V^v
There is a Salt-water Lake runs 40 Leagues, as I
was told, up the Country, N. W, from the Sea,
leaving the Town and Dutch Fort on the Starboard
Side. The Country all around about is for the moft
part a pretty flat even Ground, not high, nor yet
very low : It is well water' d with Rivers, Brooks
and Springs ; neither wants it for good Harbours,
navigable Creeks, and good Bays for Ships to ride
in. The Soil in general is good, naturally produ-
cing very large Trees of divers Sorts, and fit for
any Ufes. The Savannahs alfo are loaden with.
Grafs, Herbs, and many Sorts of fmaller Vegeta-
bles ; and being cultivated, produce any Thing that
is proper for thofe hot Countries, as Sugar-Canes,
Cotton, Indico, Tobacco, Maiz, Fruit-Trees of
feveral Kinds, and eatable Roots of all Sorts. Of
the feveral Kinds of Trees that are here, I mall give
an Account of fome,-as I had it partly from an In-
habitant of Bahia, and partly from my Knowledge
of them otherwife, viz. Sapiera, Vermiatico, Comef-
firie, Guitteba, Serrie, as they were pronounc'd to
me, three Sorts of Mangrove, fpeckled Wood,
Fuftickv Cot*on-Trees of 3 Sorts, &V. together
with Fruit-Trees of divers Sorts that grow wild, be-
fide fuch as are planted,

Of Timber-Trees, the Sapiera is faid to be large
and tall ; it is very good Timber, and is made ufe
of in building of Houfes ; , fo is the Vermiatico, a
tall ftreight-bodied Tree, of which they make Plank
2 Foot broad -, and they alfo make Canoa's with it.
Comejferie and Guitteba are chiefly ufed in building
Ships ; thefe are as much efleem'd here as Oaks are
in England, and they fay either Sort is harder and
more durable than Oak. The Serrie is a Sort of
Tree much like Elm, very durable in Water. Here
are alfo all the three Sorts of Mangrove Trees, viz.

the

Baftard-Coco] Silk-Cotton.
"An. 1 699: the Red, the White, and the Black, which I have
*^T~ defcribed [Vol I. p. 54.] The Bark of the red Man-
grove, is here us'd for tanning of Leather, and they
have great Tan-pits for it. The black Mangrove
grows larger here than in the Weft-Indies, and of it
they make good Plank. The white Mangrove is
larger and tougher than in the Weft-Indies ; of thefe
they make Mails and Yards for Barks.

There grow here wild or baflard Coco-Nut Trees,
neither fo large nor fo tall as the common ones in
the Eaft or Weft-Indies. They bear Nuts as the o-
tbers, but not a quarter fo big as the right Coco-
Nuts. The Shell is full of Kernel, without any
hollow Place or Water in it ; and the Kernel is fweet
and wholfome, but very hard both for the Teeth
and for Digeilion. Thefe Nuts are in much Efteern
for making Beads for Pater nofter's, Boles of To-
bacco-Pipes, and other Toys : and every fmall Shop
here has a great many of them to fell. At the Top
of thefe Ballard Coco-trees, among the Branches,
there grows a Sort of long black Thread like Horfe-
hair, but much longer, which by the Portugueze is
called Trefaho. Of this they make Cables which are
very fervieeable, ftrong and 1 ailing ; for they will
not rot as Cables made of Hemp, tho' they ]je ex-
pofed bath to Wet and Heat. Thefe are the Cables
which I faid they keep in their Harbours here, to
let to hire to European Ships, and refemble the
Coy re- Cables.

Here are 3 Sorts of Cotton-Trees that bear Silk-
Cotton. One .Sort is fuch as I have formerly de-
fcrib'd, [Vol. I. p. 165.] by the Name of the Cot-
ton-tree, The other 2 Sorts I never faw any where
but here. The Trees of thefe latter Sorts are but
fmall in Comparifon of the former, which are reck-
oned the biggeft in all the Weft-India Woods -, yet
are however of a good Bignefs and Heighth. One
of thefe laft Sorts is not fo full of Branches as the

other

Cotton-Tree of Brafil. Silk-Cotton. Cotton. 45

other of them ; neither do they produce their Fruit An. 1699:
the fame Time of the Year : For one Sort had its ^"V^W
Fruit juft ripe, and was fhedding its Leaves while
the other Sort was yet green, and its Fruit fmall
and growing, having but newly done bloffommg ;
the Tree being as full of young Fruit as an Apple-
Tree ordinarily in England. Thefe laft yield very
large Pods, about 6 Inches long, and as big as a
Man's Arm. It is ripe in September and Otloher -,
then the Pod opens, and the Cotton burfls out in a
great Lump as big as a Man's Head. They gather
thefe Pods before they open ; otherways it would
fly all away. It opens as well after 'tis gathered ; and
then they take out the Cotton, and preferve it to fill
Pillows and Bolfters, for which ufe 'tis very much
efteemed : But 'tis fit for nothing elfe, being fo
fhort that it cannot be fpun. 'Tis of a tawney Co-
lour ; and the Seeds are black, very round, and
as big as a white Pea. The other Sort is ripe in
March or April. The Fruit or Pod is like a large
Apple, and very round. The out-fide Shell is as
thick as the Top of one's Finger. Within this
there is a very thin whitifh Bag or Skin which inclo-
feth the Cotton. When the Cotton-Apple is ripe,
the outer thick green Shell fplits it klf into 5 equal
Parts from Stemb to Tail, and drops off, leaving
the Cotton hanging upon the Stemb, only pent up
in its fine Bag. A Day or two afterwards the Cot-
ton fwells by the Heat of the Sun, breaks the Bag
and burfts out, as big as a Man's Head : And then
as the Wind blows 'tis by Degrees driven away, a
little at a Time, out of the Bag that ftil.l hangs up-
on the Stemb, and is fcatter'd about the Fields ; the
Bag foon following the Cotton, and the Stemb the
Bag. Here is alio a little of the right Weft-India,
Cotton Shrub : but none of the Cotton is exported,
nor do they make much Cloth of it.

This

'46 Fruits. Brafilian Fruits. The Sour-fop.

rAn. 1699. This Country produces great Variety of fine
""" Fruits, as very good Oranges of 3 or 4 Sorts ; (es-
pecially one Sort of China Oranges ;) Limes in A-
bundance, Pomegranates, Pomecitrons, Plantains,
Bonano's, right Coco-nuts, Guava's, Coco-plumbs,
(call'd here MunfterooH) Wild-Grapes, fuch as I
have defcribM [Vol. II. Part 2. p. 46.] befide fuch
Grapes as grow in Europe. Here are alfo Hog-
plumbs, Cuftard-Apples, Sour-fops, Cajhews, Pa-
pah's (called here Mamoom) Jennipah's (called here
Jenni-papah's) Manchineel-AppleS and Mango's.
Mango's are yet but rare here : I faw none of them
but in the Jefuifs Garden, which has a great many
iine Fruits, and fome Cinnamon-trees. Thefe,
both of i them, were firft brought from the Eaft-In-
dies, and they thrive here very well : So do Pumple-
muffes, brought alfo from thence ; and both China
and Sevil Oranges are here very plentiful as well as
good.

The Sour-fop (as we call it) is a large Fruit as big
as a Man's Head, of a long or oval Shape, and of
a green Colour ; but one Side is yellowifh when
ripe. The out-fide Rind or Coat is pretty thick,
and very rough, with fmall fharp Knobs i the In-
fide is full of fpungy Pulp, within which alfo are
many black Seeds or Kernels, in Shape and Bignefs
like a Pumpkin-feed. The Pulp is very juicy, of
a pleafant Tafle, and wholefome. You fuck the
Juice out of the Pulp, and fo fpit it out. The
Tree or Shrub that bears this Fruit grows about 10
or 12 Foot high, with a fmall fhort Body ; the
Branches growing pretty flrait up ; for I did never
fee any of them fpread abroad. The Twigs are
fiender and tough j and fo is the Stemb of the
Fruit. This Fruit grows aifo both in the Eafi and
Wefi -Indies.

The

Cafliew, Jennipah, and Arifah Fruitl 47

The Cajbew is a Bruit as big as a Pippin, pretty An. 1699;
long, and bigger near the Stemb than at the other Lop^j
End, growing tapering. The Rind is fmooth and
thin, of a red and yellow Colour. The Seed of this
Fruit grows at the End of it ; ?tis of an Olive Co-
bur fhaped like a Bean, and about the fame Bignefs,
but not altogether fo flat. The Tree is as big as an.
Apple-Tree, with Branches not thick, yet fpreading
off. The Boughs are grofs, the Leaves broad and
round, and in Subftance pretty thick. This Fruit
is foft and fpongy when ripe, and fo full of Juice
that in biting it the Juice will run out on both Sides
of one's Mouth. It is very pleafant, and gratefully
rough on the Tongue-, and is accounted a very
wholefome Fruit. This grows both in the Eafi
and Weft-Indies, where I have feen and eaten of it.

The Jennipah or Jennipapah is a Sort of Fruit of
the Calabafh or Gourd- kind. It is about the Bignefs of
a Duck-Egg, and fomewhat of an Oval Shape ;
and is of a grey Colour. The Shell is not altoge-
ther fo thick nor hard as a Calabafh : 'Tis full of
whitifh Pulp mixt with fmall flat Seeds -, and both
Pulp and Seeds mull be taken into the Mouth,
where fucking out the Pulp, you fpit out Seeds.
It is of a fharp and pleafing Tafte, and is very in-
nocent. The Tree that bears it is much like an
Afh, ftreight bodied, and of a good Height ; clean
from Limbs till near the Top, where there Bran-
ches forth a fmall Head. The Rind is of a pale
grey, and fo is the Fruit. We us'd of this Tree
to make Helves or Handles for Axes (for which it
is very proper) in the Bay of Campeachy, where
I have feen of them, and no where elfe but here.

Befides thefe, here are many Sorts of Fruits which
I have not met with any where but here •, as Ari-
fah's, Mericafah's, Petango's, &V. Arifab's are an
excellent Fruit, not much bigger than a large Cher-
ry j fhaped like a Catherine-Pear, being fmall at the

Stemb,

Mericafah, Petango, Petumbo, Mungaroo, &cl

jln. 1699.St.emb, and fwelling bigger towards the End. They

^■^T^ are of a greenifh Colour, and have fmall Seeds as

big as Muftard Seeds ; they are forfiewhat tart, yet

pleafants and very wholfome, and may be eaten by

fick People.

Mericafab's, are an excellent Fruit, of which
there are 2 Sorts -, one growing on a fmall Tree or
Shrub, which is counted the bell •, the other grow-
ing on a Kind of Shrub like a Vine, which they
plant about Arbours to make a Shade, having ma-
ny broad Leaves. The Fruit is as big as a fmall O-
range, round and green. When they are ripe they
are foft and fit to eat ; full of white Pulp mixt thick
with little black Seeds, and there is no feparating
one from the other, till they are in your Mouth ;
when you fuck in the white Pulp and fpit out the
Stones. They are tart, pleafant, and very wholfome.

Petango' sy are a fmall red Fruit, that grow alfo
on fmall Trees, and are as big as Cherries, but not
fo globular, having one flat Side, and alfo 5 or 6
fmall protulerant Ridges. 'Tis a very pleafant
tart Fruit, and has a pretty large flattilh Stone in
the Middle.

Pet umbo's, are a yellow Fruit (growing on a
Shrub like a Vine) bigger than Cherries, with a
pretty large Stone : Theie are fweet, but rough in
the Mouth.

Mungaroo's, are a Fruit as big as Cherries, red
on one Side and white on the other Side : They are
faid to be full of fmall Seeds, which are commonly
fwallowed in eating th^m.

MuckiJ/jaw's, are faid to be a Fruit as big as
Crab- Apples, growing on large Trees. They have
alfo fmall Seeds in the Middle, and are well tailed.

Ingwa's, are a Fruit like the Locull-Fruit, 4
Inches long, and one broad. They grow on high
Trees.

Otee,

Mufteran-de-ova. Talm-berry7 Sec.

Otee, is a Fruit as big as a large Coco-Nut. It -An. 1699-
hath a Husk on the outfide, and a large Stone with- ^vW
in, and is accounted a very fine Fruit.

Mufteran-de-oVa's, are a round Fruit as big as
large Hazel-Nuts, cover'd with thin brittle Shells
of a blackiih Colour : They have a fmall Stone in
the middle, inclofed within a black pulpy Subftance,
which is of a pleafant Tafte. The outfide Shell is
chewed with the Fruit, and fpit out with the Stone,
when the Pulp is fuck'd from them. The Tree that
bears this Fruit is tall, large, and very hard Wood.
I have not feen any of thefe five laft named Fruits,
but had them thus defcribed to me by an Irijh In-
habitant of Bahia ; tho* as to this laft, I am apt to
believe, I may have both feen and eaten of them in
Achin in Sumatra.

Palm-berries (called here Dendees) grow plentifully
about Bahia \ the largeft are as big as Wall-nuts ;
they grow in Bunches on the top of the Body of the
Tree, among the Roots of the Branches or Leaves,
as all Fruits of the Palm-kind do. Thefe are the
fame kind of Berries or Nuts as thofe they make
the Palm-Oyl with on the Coaft of Guinea^ where
they abound : And I was told that they make Oyl
with them here alfo. They fometimes roaft and
eat them ; but when I had one roafted to prove it,
I did not like it.

Pbyfick-Nuts, as our Seamen call them, are cal-
led here Pineon ; and Agnus Caftus is called here
Carrepat : Thefe both grow here : So do Mendibees9
a Fruit like Phyfick-Nuts. They fcorch them in a
Pan over the Fire before they eat them.

Here are alfo great plenty of Cabbage-Trees, and
other Fruits, which I did not get information about,
and which I had not the Opportunity of feeing •, be-
caufe this was not the Seafon, it being our Spring,
and confequently their Autumn, when their bell
Fruits were gone, tho5 fome were left. However I

Vol. III. E faw

5 o B. Fruits, Roots andHctbs. Birds. The Temma^ &c

■'An, i699-faw abundance of wild Berries in the Woods and
^^v Fields, but I' could not learn their Names or Na-
ture.

They have withal good plenty of ground Fruit,
as Callavances, Pine- Apples, Pumkins, Water-Me-
lons, Musk-Melons, Cucumbers, and Roots ; as
Yams, Potato's CafTava's, &c. Garden-Herbs alfo
good ftore ; as Cabbages, Turnips, Onions, Leeks,
and abundance of other Sallading, and for- the Pot.
Drugs of feveral forts, viz. SafTafras, Snake-Root,
&c. Befide the Woods I mentioned for Dying,
and other Ufes, as Fuftick, Speckled-wood, &c.

I brought home with me from hence a good Num-
ber of Plants, dried between the Leaves of Books ;
of fome of the choked of which, that are not
fpoil'd, I may give a Specimen at the End of the
Book.

Here are faid to be great plenty and variety of
Wild-Fowl, viz. Temrm's, Maccaw's fwhich are
called here Jackoo's, and are a larger fort of Parrots,
and fcarcer) Parrots, Parakites, Flamingo's, Car-
rion-Crows, Chattering-Crows, Cockrecoes, Bill-
Birds finely painted, Correfoes, Doves, Pidgeons,
J-enetees, Clocking-Hens, Crab- Catchers, Galdens,
Currecoo's, Mufcovy Ducks, common. Ducks,
Widgeons, Teal, Curlews, Men of War Birds,
Booby's, Noddy's, Pelicans, &c.

The Temma is bigger than a Swan, grey-feather-
ed, with a long thick fharp-pointed Bill.

The Carrion-Crow and Chattering-Crows, are
called here Mackeraw's, and are like thofe I de-
fcribed in the JVeft- Indies, [Vol. II. Part II p. 67.]
The Bill of the Chattering-Crow is black, and the
Upper-Bill is round, bending downwards like a*
Hawks-Bill, rifmg up in a Ridge almoft Semi-cir-
cular, and very iliarp, both at the Ridge or Con-
vexity, and at the Point or Extremity : The Low-
/ er-Bill is flat and fhuts even with it. I was told by

a Por-

' Bill- Bird. Curefo. Turtle-Dove, &h\ 51

a Portugueze here, that their Negro- Wenches make An. 1699;
Love-Potions with thefe Birds. And the Portugueze V^Y^Sl
care not to let them have any of thefe Birds, to
keep them from that Superftition : As I found one
Afternoon when I was in the Fields with a Padre
and another, who fhot two of them, and hid them,
as they faid, for that Reafo'n. They are not good
Food, but their Bills are reckoned a good Anti-
dote again ft Poifon.

The Bill-Birds are fo called by the Englijh^ from
their monftrous Bills, which are as big as their Bo-
dies. I fawnone of thefe Birds here, but faw feve-
ral of the Breafts flea'd off and dried, for the Beau-
ty of them ; the Feathers were curioufly colour'd
with Red, Yellow, and Orange-colour.

The Currefo's (called here Mackeraw's) are fuch
as are in the Bay of Campeacby [Vol. II. Part 2. p.
67.]

Turtle-Doves are in great plenty here ♦, and two
forts of Wild Pidgeons •, the one fort Blackifh, the
other a light Grey : The Blackifh or dark Grey are
the Bigger, being as large as our Wood-Quefts, or
Wood-Pidgeons in England. Both forts are very
good Meat ; and are in fuch plenty from May till
September, that a Man may fhoot 8 or 10 Dozen in
feveral Shots at one ftanding, in a clofe mifty Morn-
ing, when they come to feed on Berries that grow
in the Woods.

The Jenetee is a Bird as big as a Lark, with
blackifh Feathers, and yellow Legs and Feet. 5Tis
accounted very wholfome Food.

Clocking-Hens, are much like the Crab-catchers,
which I have defcribed [Vol. II. Part 2. p. 70.] but
the Leg's are not altogether fo long. They keep al-
ways in fwampy wet Places, tho' their Claws are
like Land-Fowls Claws, They make a Noife or
Clucklikz our Brood-Hens, or Dunghil-Hens, when
they have Chickens, and for that Ikafon they are
E 2 called

•

52 Birds of the Wzt.-kind. Oft rich. ^Dungl-Fowl.

An^ 1699. called by the Englifh, Clocking-Hens. There are
*>W many of them in the Bay of Campeacby (tho* I o-
'I _ mitted to fpeak of them there) and elfewhere in the

Weft-Indier. There are both here and there four forts
of thefe long-legg'd Fowls, near a-kin to each other,
as fo many Sub -Species of the fame Kind ; viz. Crab-
catchers, Clocking-Hens, Galdens f which three are
in fhape and Colour like Herons in England, but
lefs •, the Gulden, the biggeft of the three, the Crab-
catcher the fmalleft ;) and a fourth fort which are
Black, but fhaped like the other, having long Legs
and fhort Tails ; thefe are about the bignefs of Crab-
catchers, and feed as they do.

Currecoos, are Water Fowls, as big as pretty large
Chickens, of a bluifh Colour, with fhort Legs and
Tail 1 they feed alfo in fwampy Ground, and are
very good Meat. I have not feen of them elfe-
where.

The Wild-Ducks here are faid to be of two forts,
the Mufcovy, and the common-Ducks. In the wet
Seafon here are abundance of them, but in the dry
Time but few. Wigeon and Teal alfo are faid to be
in great plenty here in the wet Seafon.

To the Southward of Babia there are alfo Ofbridges
in great plenty, tho' 'tis faid, they are not fo large
as thofe of Africa : They are found chiefly in the
Southern Parts of Brazil, efpecially among the large
Savannahs near the River of Plate -, and from
thence further South towards the Streights of Ma-
gellan.

A s for Tame Fowl at Babia, the chief befide their
Ducks, are Dunghil-Fowlsi of which they have two
forts 5 one fort much of the fize of our Cocks and
Hens -, the other very large : And the Feathers of
thefe laft are a long time coming forth j fo that you
&e them very naked when half grown •, but when
ffiey are full grown and well feathered, they appear
very large Fowls, as indeed they are s neither do

they

1 - ' '

■i- ■'!

Beafts. Wild-Beafts, Serpents. Amphisbama; 53

they want for Price ; for they are fold at Bahia for ***^£99-
half a Crown or three Shillings apiece, juft as thy
are brought firft to Marker out of the Country,
when they are fo lean as to be fcarce fit to eat.

The Land Animals here are Horfes, black Cattle,
Sheep, Goats, Rabbits, Hogs, Leopards, Tygers,
Foxes, Monkeys, Pecary (fa fort of wild Hogs,
called here Pica) Armadillo, Alligators, Guano's
(call'd Quittee) Lizards, Serpents, Toads, Frogs,
and a fort of amphibious Creatures called by the
Portugueze Cachora's de agua, in EngUJh Water-
Dogs.

The Leopards and Tygers of this Country are
faid to be large and very fierce : But here on the
Coaftthey are either deftroyed, or driven back to-
wards the Heart of the Country 5 and therefore are
feldom found but in the Borders and Out-planta-
tions, where they oftentimes do Mifchief. Here
are three or four forts of Monkeys, of different
Sizes and Colours. One fort is very large ; and a-
nother fort is very fmall : Thefe laft are ugly in
Shape and Feature, and have a ftrong Scent of
Musk.

Here are feveral forts of Serpents, many of them
vaftly great, and mod of them very venomous :
As the Rattle-fnake for one : And for Venom, a
fmall Green Snake is bad enough, no bigger than
the Stemb of a Tobacco-pipe, and about 1 8 Inches
long, very common here.

They have here alfo the Amphijbcenay or Two-
headed Snake, of a grey Colour, mixt with black-
ifri Stripes, whofe Bite is reckon'd to be incurable.
'Tis faid to be blind, tho' it has two fmall Specks
in each Head like Eyes : But whether it fees or not
I cannot tell. They fay it lives like a Mole, mofi>
ly under Ground •, and that when it is found above
Ground it is eafily kill'd, becaufe it moves but (low-
ly : Neither is its Sight (if it hath any; fo good as to;
E 3 difcera

54 Land and Water- Serpent si

rAn. i6p9.difcern any one that comes near to kill it : as few of
VSOf^ thefe Creatures fly at a Man, or hurt him but when
he comes in their way. 'Tis about 14 Inches long,
and about the bignefs of the inner Joint of a Man's
middle Finger ; being of one and the fame bignefs
from one End fo the other, with a Head at each
End, fas they faid ; for I cannot vouch it, for one
I had was cut fhort at one End) and both alike in
fhape and bignefs ; and 'tis faid to move with ei-
ther Head foremoft, indifferently ; whence 'tis called
by the Portugueze^ Cobra cle dos Cabefas, the Snake
with two Heads.

The fmall black Snake is a very venomous Crea-
ture.

There is alio a grey Snake, with red and brown
Spots all over its back. 'Tis as big as a Man's Arm,
and about 3 Foot long, and is faid to be venomous,
I faw one of thefe.

Here are two forts of very large Snakes or Ser-
pents ; One of 'em a Land-make, the other a Wa-
ter-fnake. The Land-fnake is of a grey Colour,
and about 1 8 or 20 Foot long : Not very veno-
mous, but ravenous. I was promifed the fight of
qne of their Skins, but wanted Opportunity.

The -Water-make is faid to be near 30 Foot long.
Thefe live wholly in the Water, either in large Ri-
vers, or great Lakes, and prey upon any Creature
that comes within their Reach, be it Man or Beaft.
They draw their Prey to them with their Tails : for
when they fee any thing on the Banks of the River
pr Lake where they lurk, they fwing about their
Tails 10 or 12 Foot over the Bank ; and whatever
Hands within their Sweep is fnatch'd with great Vi-
olence into the River, and drowned by them. Nay
'tis reported very credibly that if they fee only a fhade
of any Animal at all on the Water, they will flourifh
their Tails to bring in the Man or Beaft whofe Shade
ihey fee, arid are oftentimes too fuccefsful in it.

Where-

;■?

Great Water-fnake of Braz. Cuchora de Agua. J$

Wherefore Men that have Bufinefs near any Placed. 1699:
where thefe Water-Monfters are fufpe&ed to lurk, V^V^
are always provided with a Gun, which they often
fire, and that fcares them away, or keeps them
quiet. They are faid to have great Heads, and
ftrong Teeth about 6 Inches long. I was told by
an Irijh Man who Hved here, that his Wife's Father
was very near being taken by one of them about
this Time of my firft Arrival here, when bis Father
was with him up in the Country : For the Beaft
flourifh'd his Tail for him, but came not nigh e-
nough by a Yard or two ; however it feared him
fufficiently.

The amphibious Creatures here which I faid are
called by the Portugueze Cuchora'?, de Agua, or Wa-
ter-dogs, are faid to be as big as fmall Maftiffs, and
are all hairy and fhaggy from Head to Tail. They
have 4 fhort Legs, a pretty long Head and fhorc
Tail ; and are of a blackifh Colour. They live in
frefh Water-ponds, and oftentimes come afhore and
Sun themfelves ; but retire to the Water if aifault-
ed. They are eaten, and faid to be good Food,
Several of thefe Creatures which I have now fpoken
of I have not feen, but inform' d my felf about them
while I was here at Bahia, from fober and fenfible
Perfons among the Inhabitants, among whom I met
with fome that could fpeak Engli/h,

In the Sea upon this Coaft there is great Store and
Diverfity of Fifh, viz. Jew-fifh, for which there is
a great Market at Bahia in Lent : Tarpoon's, Mul-
lets, Groopers, Snooks, Gar-fifli (called here Goo*
lion's,). Gorafes, Barrama's, Coquinda's, Cavallie's,
Cuchora's (or Dog-afh) Conger-Eels, Herrings
(as I was told; the Serrew, the Olio de Boy, (I
write and fpell them juft as they were named to mej
Whales, &V,

E 4 Hcgi

Shell-Fifh. Green Turtle. Hawks -bill Turtle:

r"&&\ h **?r\ is alfo She""fi^ rtho' in Ids Plenty about
* y-JIatea than on other Parts of the Coaft, J viz Lob-
fters, Craw-fifh, Shrimps, Crabs, Gy Iters of the
common Sort, Conchs, Wilks, Cockles, Mufcles,
Pernwinkles, &c. Here are three Sorts of Sea-
Turtle, viz. Hawksbill, Loggerhead, and Green:
But none of them are in any efteem, neither Spani-
ards nor Portugueze loving them : Nay they have a
great Antipathy againft them, and would much ra-
ther eat a Porpoife, tho' our Englifh count the
green Turtle very extraordinary Food. The Rea-
fon that is commonly given in the Weft-Indies for
the Spaniards not caring to eat of them, is the Fear
they -have left, being ufually foul-bodied, and many
of them pox'd flying, as they do, fo promifcu-
oudy with their Negrines and other She-flaves) they
fhould break out loathfomely like Lepers ; which
this Sort of Food, 'tis faid, does much encline Men
to do, fearching the Body, and driving out any
fuch grofs Humours : For which Caufe many of our
Englijh Valetudinarians have gone from Jamaica
(tho' there they have alfo Turtle ) to the I. Caimanes,
at the Laying-time, to live wholly upon Turtle
that then abound there ; purpofely to have their Bo-
dies fcour'd by this Food, and their Diftempers dri-
ven out ; and have been faid to have found many of
them good Succefs in it. But this by the way. The
Hawks-bill-Turtle on this Coaft of Brazil is moft
fought after of any, for its Shell ; which by Report
of thofe I have convers'd with at Babia, is the clear-
eft and beft clouded Tortoife-lhell in the World. I
had fome of it fhewn me, which was indeed as good
as I ever faw. They get a pretty deal of it in fome
Parts on this Coaft j but 'tis very dear.

Befide this Port of Bahia de todoslos Santos, there
are 2 more principal Ports on Brazil, where Eu-
ropean Ships Trade, viz. Pernambuc and Ria Janet*
ra \ and I was told that there go as many Ships to

each

St. Paul's, &c. in Brazil. 57

each of thefe Places as to Babia, and 2 Men of War An. 1699.
to each Place for their Convoys. Of the other opV7V
Ports in this Country none is of greater Note than
that of St. Paul's, where they gather much Gold ;
but the Inhabitants are faid to be a Sort of Banditti^
or loofe People that live under no Government :
But their Gold brings them all Sorts of Commodi-
ties that they need, as Clothes, Arms, Ammuniti-
on, fcfe. The Town is faid to be large and
ftrong.

CHAP.

i S The A's Stay at Bahia j <z^ 2V#. to go away.

r£n. 1699.

W^y^w

CHAP. III. '

The A.'s Stay and Bufinefs at Bahia : Of the Winds and Sea font of
the Year there. Bis departure for N. Holland. C. Salvadore.
The Winds on the Brafilian Coafl; and Abrohlo Shoal; Fifh,
and Birds : The Shear-water Bird, and Cooking of Sharks. Ex-
ceffive Number of Birds about a dead Whale ; of the Pintado-
- bird, and the Petrel, &c. Of a Bird that fhews the C. of G.
Hoyctobenear: Of the Sea- reckonings, and Variations .• And
a Table of all the Variations obfervd in this Voyage. Occur-
fences near the Cape; and the A.'s pa/fmg by it. Of the Wetter.
ly Winds beyond it: A Storm, and its Prefages. The A.'s Courfe
to N. Holland ; and Signs of approaching it. Another Abrohlo
Shok and Storm, and the A.'s Arrival on part of N. Holland.
That part defer ib'd; and Shark'* Bay, where he firfi anchors.
Of the Land there, Vegetables, Birds, he. A particular Sort
of Guano: Fifh, and beautiful Shells ; Turtle, large Shark, and
Water- Serpents. The A.'s removing to another part of N. Hol-
land:. Dolphins, Whales, and more Sea-Serpents: and of a Paf-
fage or Straight fufpecled here : Of the Vegetables, Birds, and
Ft{h. He anchors on a third Part of N. Holland, and digs
Wells, but brac\ifh. Of the Inhabitants there, the great Tidest
the Vegetables and Animals, &c.

TV 4" Y Stay here at Bahia was about a Month ; du«
1V-1 ring which Time the Vice-Roy of Goa came
hither from thence in a great Ship, faid to be rich-
ly laden with all Sorts of India Goods ; but fhe did
not break Bulk here, being bound Home for Lif
bon -, only the Vice-Roy intended to refrefh his Men
(of whom he had loll many, and moil of the reft
were very fickly, having been 4 Months in their
Voyage hither) and fo to take in Water, and de-,
part for Europe in Company with the other Portu-
guese Ships thither bound -, who had Orders to be
ready to fail by the twentieth of May. He defir'd
me to carry a Letter for him, directed to his Sue-
ceiTor the new Vice-Roy of Goa ; which 1 did, fend-
ing it thither afterwards by Captain Hammond, whom
J found near the Cap 0} Qood Hope, The refreihing

Of the Winds and Seafons about Bahia." 59

my Men, and taking in Water, was the main alfo An. 169^
of my Bufinefs here ; befide the having the better t-O/^NJ
Opportunity to compofe the Diforders among my
Crew : Which, as I have before related, were grown
to fo great a Heighth, that they could not without
great Difficulty be appeafed : However, finding
Opportunity, during my Stay in this Place, to allay
in fome Meafure the Ferment that had been raifed
among my Men, I now fet my felf to provide for
the carrying on of my Voyage with more Heart
than before, and put all Hands to work, in order
to it, as faft as the Backwardnefs of my Men would
permit ; who fhew'd continually their Unwillingnefs
to proceed farther. Belides, their Heads were ge-
nerally fill'd with ftrange Notions of Southerly
Winds that were now fetting in (and there had been
already fome Flurries of them ) which, as they fur-
mis'd, would hinder any farther Attempts of go-
ing on to the Southward, fo long as they fhould •
laft.

The Winds begin to fhift here in April and Sep*
tember, and the Seafons of the Year (the Dry and
the Wet) alter with them. In April the Southerly
Winds make their Entrance on this Coaft, bringing
in the wet Seafon, with violent Tornado's, Thun-
der and Lightening, and much Rain. In September
the other Coafting Trade, at Eaft North-Eaft:
comes in, and clears the Sky, bringing fair Wea-
ther. This, as to the Change of Wind, is what I
have obferv'd Vol. II. Part. 3. p. 19. but as to the
Change of Weather accompanying it fo exactly here
at Babia, this is a particular Exception to what I
have experienc'd in all other Places of South Lati-
tudes that I have been in between the Tropicks, or
thofe I have heard of j for there the dry Seafons fets
in, in Aprils and the Wet about Oflober or Novem-
ber, fooner or later fas I have faid that they are, in
South Latitudes^ the Reverfe of the Seafons, or
' ' ' ' Weather,

:?! I

Seafon for ait ting Sugar-Canesl

An. 1699. Weather, in the fame Months in N. Latitudes,
^V^ Vol.11. Part. 3. p. yy.) whereas on this Coaft of
Brazil, the wet Seafon comes in in April, at the
fame Time that it doth in N. Latitudes, and the
dry fas I hive faid here) in September ; the Rains
here not lafting fo far in the Year as in other Pla-
ces •, For in September the Weather is ufually fo fair,
that in the latter part of that Month they begin to
cut their Sugar-Caneshere, as I was told ; for I en-
quired particularly about the Seafons: Though this,
as to the Seafon of cutting of Canes, which 1 was
now affur'd to be in September, agrees not very well
with what I was formerly told [Vol. II. Part 3. p. 82.]
that in Brazil they cut the Canes in July. And fo,
as to what is faid a little lower in the fame Page, that
in managing their Canes they are not confin'd to
the Seafons, this ought to have been exprefs'd only
of planting them ; for they never cut them but in
• the dry Seafon.

But to return to the Southerly Winds, which came
in (as I expected they would) while I was here :
Thefe daunted my Ship's Company very much,
tho' I had told them they were to look for them :
But they being ignorant as to what I told them far-
ther, that thefe were only Coafting- Winds, fweep-
ing the Shore to about 40 or 50 Leagues in Breadth
from it, and imagining that they had blown fo all
the Sea over, between America and Africa ; and be-
ing confirrh'd in this their Opinion by the Portugueze
Pilots of the European Ships, with whom feveral of
my Officers converfed much, and who were them-
felves as ignorant that thefe were only Coafting
Trade- Winds (themfelves going away before them,
in their Return homewards, till they crofs the Line,
and fo having no Experience of the Breadth of
them) being thus poffefs'd with a Conceit that we
could not fail from hence till September •, this made
them ftill the more remifs in their Duties, and very

liftlefs

Watering-pUce at Ba. andpleaf. Fields about if. 6i

liftlefs to the getting Things in a Readinefs for our An. 1699
Departure. However I was the more diligent my ^^
felf to have the Ship fcrubb'd, and to fend my Wa-
ter-Casks alhore to get them trimm'd, my Beer be-
ing now out. I went alfo to the Governour to get
my Water fill'd ; for here being but one Watering-
place fand the Water running low, now at the End
of the dry SeafonJ it was always fo crouded with the
European Ships Boats, who were preparing to be
gone, that my Men could feldom come nigh it, till
the Qovernour very kindly fent an Officer to clear
the Water-place for my Men, and to ftay there till
my Water-Casks were all full, whom I fatisfied for
his Pains. Here I alfo got aboard 9 or 10 Ton of
Ballaft, and made my Boatfwain fit the Rigging that
was amifs ; And I enquired alfo of my particular
Officers whofe Bufinefs it was, whether they wanted
any Stores, efpecially Pitch and Tar ; for that here
I would fupply my felf before I proceeded any far-
ther; but they faid they had enough, tho' it did not
afterwards prove fo.

I commonly went alhore every Day, either upon
Bufinefs, or to recreate my felf in the Fields, which
were very pleafant, and the more for a Shower of
Rain now and then, that ufhers in the wet Seafon.
Several Sorts of good Fruits were alfo till remain-
ing, efpecially Oranges, which were in fuch Plenty,
that I and all my Company ftock'd our, felves for
our Voyage with them, and they did us a great
Kindnefs ; and we took in alfo a good Quantity of
Rum and Sugar : But for Fowls they being here
lean and dear, I was glad I had ftock'd my felf at
St. Jago. But by the little Care my Officers took
for freffi Provifions, one might conclude, they did
not think of going much farther. Befides, 1 had
like to have been imbr oiled with the Clergy here
(of the Inquifition, as I fuppofej and fo my Voyage
might have been hundred. What was faid to them

The A's departure from Bahia, C. Salvador;

N ll^f^ hy fomeof my Company that went afhore,
» I know not i but I was affured by a Merchant
there, that if they got me into their Clutches (and
it feems, when I was Jaft afhore they had narrowly
watered me) the Governour himfelf could not re-
Jeafe me. Befides I might either be murther'd in
the Streets, as he fent me Word, or poifoned, if I
came afhore any more ; and therefore he advifed me
to flay aboard. Indeed I had now no further Bufi-
nefs afhore but to take leave of the Governour, and
therefore took his Advice.

Our Stay here was till the 23d of April T would
have gone before if I could fooner have fitted my
felf 5 but was now earner! to be gone, becaufe this
Harbour lies open to the S. and S. S. W. which are
raging Winds here, and now was the Seafon for
them. We had 2 or 3 Touches of them ; and one
pretty fevere, and the Ships ride there fo near each
other, that if a Cable ihould fail, or an Anchor
Hart, you are inflantly aboard of one Ship or other :
And I was more afraid of being difabled here In
Harbour by thefe bluftring Winds, than difcoura-
ged by them, as my People were, from profecuting
the Voyage ; for at prefent I even winVd for a brisk
Southerly Wind as foon as I mould be once well
out of the Harbour, to fet me the fooner into the
true General Trade- Wind.

The Tide of Flood being fpent, and having a
fine Land-Breeze on the 23 d, in the Morning, I
went away from the Anchoring place before 'twas
light ; and then lay by till Day-light that we might
fee the better how to go out of the Harbour. I
had a Pilot belonging to Mr. Cock, who went out
with me, to whom I gave 3 Dollars ; but I found I
could as well have gone out my felf, by the Sound-
ings I made at coming in. ,%The Wind was E. by N.
and fair Weather, By' 10 a Clock I was got paft all
Danger, and than fent away my Pilot, At 1 2 Cape

Salvadore

Winds and Breezes. Long, taken from C. £alv. 6$

Salvadore bore N. diftant 6 Leagues, arid we had the^». 1699*
Winds between the E. by N. and S. E. a confidera- V"Y^M
ble Time, fo that we kept along near the Shore,
commonly in Sight of it. The Southerly Blafts had
now left us again ; for they come at firft in fhort
Flurries, and fhift to other Points (for 16 or 12
Days fometimes) before they are quite (et in : And
we had uncertain Winds, between Sea and Land-
Breezes, and the Coafting-Trade, which was its felf
unfettled.

The Eafterly- Winds at prefent made me doubt
I mould not weather a great Shoal which lies in
Lat. between 18 deg. and 19 deg. S. and runs a
great Way into the Sea, directly from the Land,
Eafterly. Indeed the Weather was fair ("and conti-
nued fo a good while,) fo that I might the better a-
void any Danger from it : And if the Wind came to
the Southward I knew I could ftretch off to Sea ;• fo
that I jogg'd on couragioufly. The 27th of April
we faw a fmall Brigantine under the Shore plying to
the Southward. We alio faw many Men of War-
birds and Boobies, and Abundance of Albicore-Fifti.
Having Hill fair Weather, fmall Gales, and fome
Calms, I had the Opportunity of trying the Current,
which I found to fet fometimes Northerly and fome-
times Southerly : And therefore knew I was ftill
within the Verge of the Tides. Being now in the
Lat. of the Abrohlo Shoals, which I expected to
meet with, I founded, and had Water lefTening
from 40 to 33, and fo to 25 Fathom : But then it
rofe again to 33, 35, 37, &c. all Coral Rocks.
Whilft we were on this Shoal (which we crofs'd to-
wards the further part of it from Land, where it
lay deep, and fo was not dangerous) we caught a
great many Fifri with Hook and Line : and by eve-
ning Amplitude we had 6 deg. 38 min. Eaft Varia-
tion. This was • the 27th of April ; we were then
in Lat. 1 8 deg. 1 3 min. S. and Eaft Longitude from

Cape

■

<>4 Shear-waters. Sharks cook'd. Whales]

^^9-Cape Salvadore 31 min. On the 29th, being then
>^v^ in Lat. 18 deg. 29 min. S. we had fmall Gales from
the W. N. W. to the W. S. "W. often fhifting. The
30th we had the Winds from W. to S. S. E. Squalls
and Rain : And we faw fome Dolphins and other
Fifh about us. We were now out of Sight of
Land, and had been fo 4 or 5 Days: But the
Winds now hanging in the South was an apparent
Sign that we were ftill too nigh the Shore to receive
the true General Eaft-Trade ; as the Eafterly
Winds we had before fhew'd that we were too far
off the Land to have the Benefit of the Coafting
South-Trade: and the Faintnefs of both thefe
Winds, and their often fliifting from the S. S. W.
to the S. E. with Squalls, Rain and fmall Gales,
were a Confirmation of our being between the Verge
of the S. Coafting- Trade, and that of the true
Trade -, which is here, regularly, S. E.

The 3d of May being in Lat 20 deg. 00 min. and
Merid. diftance Weft from Cape Salvadore 234
Miles, the Variation was 7 deg. 00 min. We faw
no Fowl but Shear-waters, as our Sea-men call them,
being a fmall black Fowl that fweep the Water as
they fly, and are much in the Seas that lie without
either of the Tropicks : they are not eaten. We
caught 3 fmall Sharks, each 6 Foot 4 Inches long •,
and they were very good Food for us. The next
Day we caught 3 more Sharks of the fame Size, and
we eat them alfo, efteeming them as good Fifh
boil'd and prefs'd, and then ftew'd with Vinegar and
Pepper.

We had nothing of Remark from the 3d of May
to the 10th, only now and then feeing a fmall
Whale fpouting up the Water. We had the Wind
Eafterly, and we ran with it to the Southward, run-
ning in this Time from the Lat. of 20 deg. 00 m. to
29 deg, 5 min. S. and having then 7 d. 3 m. E.
Long, from C. Salvadore j the Variation increafing

upon

Innum. Fowls. Pintado-birds. Shear-waters, &c. 6$

upon us, atprefent, notwithftanding we went Eaft. r^^S"
We had all along a great Difference between the ,/Y^
Morning and Evening Amplitudes •, ufually a De-
gree or two, and fometimes more. We were now
in the true Trade, and therefore made good Way
to the Southward, to get without the Verge of the
General Trade- Wind into a Wefterly Wind's way,
that might carry us towards the Cape of Good Hope,
By the 12th of May, being in Lat. 31 deg. 10 min.
we began to meet with Wefterly Winds, _ which
frefhned on us, and did not leave us till a little be-
fore we made the Cape. Sometimes it blew fo hard
that it put us under a Fore-courfe ; efpecially in the
Night •, but in the Day-time we had commonly our
Main Top-fail rift. We met with nothing of Mo-
ment ; only we pad by a dead Whale, and faw Mil-
lions (as I may fay) of Sea-Fowls about the Carcafs
(and as far round about it as 'we could fee; fome
feeding, and the reft flying about, or fitting on the
Water, waiting to take their Turns. We firft dis-
covered the Whale by the Fowls ; for indeed I did
never fee fo many Fowls at once in my Life before,
their Numbers being inconceivably great: They
were of divers Sorts, in Bignefs, Shape and Colour.
Some were almoft as big as Geefe, of a grey Colour,
with white Breafts, and with fuch Bills, Wings, and
Tails. Some were Pintado-Birds, as big as Ducks,
and fpeckled black and white. Some w|re Shear-
waters ; fome Petrels •, and there were feveral Sorts
of large Fowls. We faw of thcfe Birds, efpecially
the Pintado-birds, all the Sea over from about 200
Leagues diftant from the Coaft of Brazil, to with-
in much the fame Diftance of New-Holland. The
Pintado is a Southern Bird,, and of that temperate
Zone ; for I never faw of them much to the Nor-
ward of 30 deg. S. The Pintado-bird is as big as a
Duck ; but appears, as it flies, about the Bignefs of
a tame Pidgeon, having a ihort Tail, but the Wings
Vol. III. F very

The "Pintado bird defcrib'd. The Petrel.
^1699- very long, as moft Sea-Fowls have j efpecially fuch
^ as thefe that fly far from the Shore, and L\ dom
come nigh it j for their Refcing is fitting afloat up-
on the Water ; but they lay, I fuppofe, afhore.
There are three Sorts of thefe Birds, all of the fame
Make and Bignefs, and are only different in Colour.
The firft is black all over : The fecond Sort are
grey, witn white Bellies and Breads. The third
Sort, which is the true Pintado, or Painted-bird, is
cunoufly fpotted white and black. Their Heads,
and the Tips of their Wings and Tails, are black
for about an Inch s and their Wings are alfo edo-'d
quite round with fuch a fmall black Lift ; only with-
in the black on the Tip of their Wings there is a
white Spot teeming as they fly (for then their Spots
are beft feen) as big as a Half-crown. All this is on
the Oucfide of the Tails and Wings ; and as there is
a wmte Spot in the bfeck Tip of the Wings, fo there
. is m the Middle of the Wings which is white, a black
bpot; but this, towards the Back of the Bird, turns
gradually to a dark grey. The Back its k% from
the Head to the Tip of the Tail, and the Edge of
the Wings next to the Back, are all over-fpotted
with fine fmall, round, white and black Spots, as
big as a Silver Two-pence, and as clofe as they can
flick one by another: The Belly, Thighs, Sides,
and mnerpart of the Wings, are of a tight grey
Thefe Birds, of all thefe Sorts, fly many together,
never hi#i, but almoft fweeping the Water We
fnot one a while after on the Water in a Calm, and
a Water-Spaniel we had with us brought it in • I
have given a pia.l)re of it [See Btrds*r 1 -, ^

it was ,0 damaged, that the Pidture doth not fhew

rhp°F7HVantagC; a^irsSPots are beft feen when

tlm leathers are fpread as it flies.

The Petrel is a Bird not much unlike a Swallow,
but mailer, .and with a fhorter Tail. 'Tis all ove?
black, except a white Spot on the Rump. They

fly

mwy?\ Kn/jjurt-.^ ,p>66

'I'hu wry mttch rv&mbl&s
•the* G-tLOrra-uria, , defcrthed ,
and ■fx'g'ured hy Tifio .

?fte :PititttJ$ 3irl

Variation. Fowls jhe wing the C . of G . Hop e near. 67

fly fweeping like Swallows, and very near the Wa-^». 1699:
ter. They are not fo often feen in fair Weather % <^T>«*
being Foul-weather Birds, as our Seamen call them,
and prefaging a Storm when they come about a
Ship ; who for that Reafon don't love to fee them.
In a Storm they will hover clofe under .the Ship's
Stern, in the Wake of the Ship fas 'tis call'd) or the
Smoothnefs which the Ship's paffing has made on
the Sea : And there as they fly (gently then; they
pat the Water alternately with their Feet, as if they
walk'd upon it ; tho' ftill upon the Wing. And
from hence the Seamen give them the Name of Pe-
trels, in Allufion to St. Peter's walking upon
the Lake of Gennefareth.

We alfo faw many Bunches of Sea-weeds in the
Lat. of 39. 32. and by Judgment, near the Meridi-
an'of the Ifland Triftian d> Aconha : And then we
had about 2 d. 20 min. Eaft Variation : which was
now again decreafing as we ran to the Eaftward, till
near the Meridian of Jfcention \ where we found
little or no Variation : But from thence, as we ran
farther to the Eaft, our Variation increafed Wefterly.

Two Days before I made the Cape of G. Hope,
my Variation was 7 deg. 58 min. WTeft. I was then
in 43 deg. 27 min. Eait Longit. from C. Salvador,
being in Lat. 3 5 deg. 3 o min. this was the the firft
of June. The fecond of June I faw a large black
Fowl, with a whitifh flat Bill, fly by us ; and took
great Notice of it, becaufe in the Eaft-India Wag-
goner, or Pilot-book, there is mention made of
large Fowls, as big as Ravens, with white flat Bills
and black Feathers, that fly not above 30 Leagues
from the Cape, and are look'd on as a Sign of ones
being near it. My Reckoning made me then think
my felf above 90 Leagues from the Cape, according
to the Longitude which the Cape hath in the com- t
mon Sea-Charts- So that I was in fome doubt,
whether thefe were the right Fowls fpoken of in the
F 2 Waggoner j

Errors in Ships Reckonings,

^^ Waggoner ; ; or whether thofc Fowls might not %
farther off Shore than is there mentioned ; or whe-
ther, as it prov'd, I might not be nearer the Cape
than I reckoned my felf to be ; for I found, foon
after, that I was not then above 25 or 3o Leagues
at moft from the Cape. Whether the Fault were
m the Charts laying down the Cape too much to the
fcait from Brazil or were rather in our Reckoning,
I could not tell : But our Reckonings are liable to
^;^ncert™from Steerage, Log, Currents,
Half-Minute-Glaffes ; and fometimes want of Care
as in fo long a Run caufe often a Difference of many
Leagues m the whole Account.

Moft of my Men that kept Journals imputed it
to the Half-Minute Glaffes: and indeed we had not
a good Glafs in the Ship befide the Half-watch or
Two-Hour-GlafTes. As for our Half-Minute-Ghf-
fes we tried them all at feveral Times, and we found
thole that we had ufed from Brazil as much too
ihort, as others we had ufed before were too long •
wmch might well make great Errors in thofe feveral
Reckonings. A Ship ought therefore to have its
Glaffes very exaffc ; and befides, an extraordinary
Care ought to be ufed in heaving the Log, for Fear
or giving too much Stray-Line in a moderate Gale ;
and ano to flop quickly in a brisk Gale, for when a
Mup runs 8, 9 or 10 Knots, half a Knot or a Knot is
loon run out, and not heeded : But to prevent Dan-
ger, when a Man thinks himfelf near Land, the bell
way is to look out betimes, and lye by in the Night, for
a Commander may err eafily himfelf ; befide The Er-
rors oi thofe under him, tho» never fo carefully eyed.
Another Thing that Humbled me here was the
Variation which, at this Time, by the laft Ampli-
tude I had I found to be but 7 deg. 58 min. W
wnereas the Variation at the Cape (from which I
found my fdf not 30 Leagues diftant) was then
computed, and truly, about 11 deg. or more:

And

^Difficulties in taking the Variation. 60

And yet a while after this, when I was got 10 An- l699>
Leagues to the Eaftward of the Cape, I found the '
Variation but iodeg. 40 min. W. whereas it fhould
have been rather more than at the Cape. Thefe
Things, I confefs, did puzzle me: Neither was I
fully fatisfied as to the Exaclnefs of the taking the
Variation at Sea : For in a great Sea, which we of-
ten meet with, the Compafs will traverfe with the
Motion of the Ship ; befides the Ship may and will
deviate fomewhat in (leering, even by the Deft
Helmfmen : And then when you come to take an
Azimuth, there is often fome Difference between
him that looks at the Compafs, and the Man that
takes the Altitude heighth of the Sun ; and a lmall
Error in each, if the Error of both fhould be one
way, will make it wide of any great Exactnefs. But
what was moft mocking to me, I found that the Va-
riation did not always increafe or decreafe in Pro-
portion to the Degrees of Longitude Eaft or Weft ;
as I had a Notion they might do to a certain Num-
ber of Degrees of Variation Eaft or Weft, at
fuch or fuch particular Meridians. But finding in
this Voyage that the Difference of Variation did
not bear a regular Proportion to the Difference of
Longitude, I was much pleas'd to fee it thus ob-
ferv'd in a Scheme fhewn me after my Return home,
wherein are reprefented the feveral Variations in the
Atlantick Sea, on both Sides the Equator •, and there,
the Line of no Variation in that Sea is not a Meridi-
an Line, but goes very oblique, as do thofe alfo
which fhew the Increafe of Variation on each Side
of it. In that Draught there is fo large an Advance
made as well towards the accounting for thofe feem-
ingly irregular Increafes and Decreafes of Variation
towards the S. E. Coaft of America, as towards the
fixing a general Scheme or Syftem of the Variation
every where, which would be of fuch great Ufe in
Navigation, that I cannot but hope that the ingenious
F 3 Author,

70 C. Hal. Scheme of the Far obfertfd in this Voy.
'An. 1699. Author, Capt. Hally, who to his profound Skill in
^^T^ all Theories of thefe kinds, hath added and is ad-
ding continually Perfonal Experiments, will e'er
long oblige the World with a fuller Difcovery of
the Courie of the Variation, which hath hitherto
been a Secret. For my Part I profefs my felf un-
qualified for offering at any thing of a General
Scheme ; but fince Matter of Fad, and whatever
increafes the Hiftory of the Variation, may be of
ufe towards the fettling or confirming the Theory
of it, I Dial] here once for all infert a Table of all the
Variations I obferv'd beyond the Equator in this
Voyage, both in going out, and returning back;
and what Errors there may be in it, I mall leave to
be corre&ed by the Obfervations of others.

A TaMe of Variations.

D.M.

D. M.

D. M,

1699.

S.Lat.

6 15

Longit.
1 47 a

Variat.

• Mar.

3 27^

j 2 45

12 9

3 27

Apr.

14 49

00 10 b

7 0

18 13

00 31

6 38

19 00

2 20

6 30

May.

19 22

3 5i

8 15

20 1

3 4Q

7 0

22 47

3 4S

9 40

■24 23

3 53

7 36

25 44

3 53.

10 15

26 47

4 35

7 14

28 9

• 5 59.

9 45

29 5

7 i

1 1 41

r 1

29 23

7 38 !

12 47

a W from St. Jaao.

k E. frc

m C.

Salvador i

n £r<?x/7.

~ik%*

A Table of Variations.

D.M.

D. M.

1699.

S.Lat.

Longit.

May.

34 58

.18 43

34 54

19 06

35 48

19 45

39 42

27 1

39 JI

3i 35

June.

35 3°

43 27

35 »■

00 23 c

36 7

3 6

36 *7

10 3

35 59-

12 0

35 20

20 18

35 5

26 13

34 51

29 24

34 27

36 8

34 17

39 24

34 15

42 25

33 34

45 4i

35 8

45 28

36 40

49 33

36 40

53 12

36 15

56 22

July.

35 35

58 44

33 32

66 22

31 3o

68 34

31 45

69 00

. 32 39

70 21

33 4

72 00

21 17

74 43

29 20

75 25

28 16

78 29

26 43

84 19

26 28

85 20

26 14

85 52

25 36

86 21

D. M.

.. Variaf.

5 4o E

6 19
5 ^
2 55
2 o

7 58W

10 40

11 10

15 00
19 38

21 35

23 50

25 56

24 54

25 29
24 22

22 15

24 3o
22 50
22 44
21 40

19 45

16 40

12 20

12 2

13 36
12 29
10 o
10 28

9 5i

9 «

8 9

8 40
8 20

^». 1699.

« E. from C. G. #<>/><?.

July.

A Table of Variations.

-An. 1699.

1699.

July.

Aug.

Sm.

Dee.
1700. Jan
Feb.

Mar.

Apr,

27
29
3i
5
15
17
20
24

7
8

D.M.

S.Lat.

26 43

27 38
26 54

25 3°
24 41
23 2

J9 37
19 52

J9 45
19 24
18-38
17 16
16 9
*5 37
*3 55
13 12

1
32

9
12
12

43
43
10

3-5
J5
32

D, M.
Longit.

86 16

87 25

88 1

86 3
86 2 d
00 22
3 00

57
18

57
9 34*

10 55

11 42

6 34 *

6 5Z

2 48/

7 31
i5 23

18 00

19 41

00 5g

00 44 h

6 4

8 25
00 3y i

Variat.

47 '

^ 26

25W

/* E. from Sharks-Bay in .W. Holland,

e E. from Babao-Bay in J. Timor.

f E. from C, Ata£<? in .W. Guinea'.

g E. from C. f/. G*orge on I. X. Britannia*

h W. from *&tt0.

* W, from C. Mah,

May.

A Table of Variations^.

f"1

D.M.

D. M.

D. M. a». 1699, '

1700.

S.Lat.

Longit.

Variat' K^T^

May.

3 °°

2 15 E

9 59

00 25 I

0 15W

14 33

3 3°

1 25

June.

19 44

8 7

5 38

19 5i

9 58

6 10

Hh^I^^I

19 46

11 6

6 20

20 00

12 22

4 58

20 00

14 17

7 20

19 59

16 01

6 32

9 57

17 42

8 1

19 48

19 0

6 0

Nov.

21 26

9 0

27 1

35 35

16 50

27 10

36 34

18 57

27 11

37 54

17 24

28 14

41 40

19 39

29 24

44 47

20 50

'29 42

47 34

21 38

30 16

49 26

26 00

30 40

51 24

22 38

3i 5i

55 5

22 40

32 55

56 28

27 10

31 55

57 25

27 10

Dec.

31 57

58 i7

24 3°

3i 57

59 33

27 57

32 3

61 45

24 50

32 i5

66 00

23 3°

37 28

68 36

24 48

33 49

6438

21 53

32 49

70 09

24 00

11 32 50

71 45

21 15

k At Anchor off I. Ctram.

I W. from Babao-Bzy.

wW.f

rom P

rimes Ifle b

y Java-HttS

Iter.

'Jin. 1699.

I701.7^

1 d\

hie of Variation

D.M.

D. M.

(D. M.

Variat.

S.Lat.

Longit.

3i 55

72 32

20 16W

3i 35

73 39

20 00

32 21

75 22

20 00

33 5

79 39

18 42

33 0

80 39

J7 15

34 39

82 46

16 41

34 36

83 i9

14 36

34 21

83 42

14 00

34 3S

84 21

14 00

3i 25

2 32^

10 20

30 5

4 42

9 36

28 46
27 26
26 11

6 8

.7 3,2
9 9

a 25
7 40
7 30

25 00

■10 49

7 9

23 42

12 34

6 55

22 51

14 10

5 56

21 48

15 17

- 5 32

21 24

15 51

4 56

19 «fc

16 48

4 20

19 10
18 13

17 22

3 24

18 23

4 00

17 22

19 29

2 00

12 52

3 8 0

1 50

11 55 4-42

1 10

11 17 5 30

0 20

10 22 J

6132 J

1 10

We made the I. Afcention.

n W. from the Trffc-Landiat C. G.H^#
« W.. Santa Helen*. P'

But

yieetingthe A. ofL. The A.paffesthe CofG. H. 75

But to return from this Digreffion : Having fair An. 1699,
Veather, and the Winds hanging Southerly, I jog'd ^W*
n to the Eaftward, to make the Cape. On the
lird of June we faw a Sail to Leeward of us, fhew-
ig Engli/h Colours. I bore away to fpeak with her,
id found her to be the Antelope of London, com-
landed by Captain Hammond, and bound for the
lay of Bengal in the Service of the New-Eaft- India
Company. There were many PafTengers aboard,
ping to fettle there under Sir Edward Littleton*
rho was going Chief thither : I went aboard, and
ras known by Sir Edward and Mr. Hedges, and
indly received and treated by them and the Com-
lander ; who had been afraid of us before, tho' I
ad fent one of my Officers aboard. They had
ieen in at the Cape, and came from thence the Day
lefore, having ftock'd themfelves with Refrefh-
nents. They told me that they were by Reckon-
ng, 60 Miles to the Weft of the Cape. While I
iras aboard them, a fine fmall Wefterly Wind fprang
ip -, therefore I fhortned my ftay with them, be-
;aufe I did not defign to go into the Cape. When

took leave I was prefented with half a Mutton,
.2 Cabbages, 12 Pumkins, 6 Pound of Butter, 6
Couple of Stock- fi(h, and a quantity of Parfnips ;
ending them fome Oatmeal, which they wanted.

From my firft fetting out from England, I did not
lefign to touch at the Cape •, and that was one Rea-
bn why I touch' d at Brazil, that there I might re-
rem my Men, and prepare them for a long Run to
New Holland. We had not yet feen the Land ; but
ibout 2 in the Afternoon we faw the C^-Land
rearing Eaft, at above 16 Leagues diflance : And
Captain Hammond being alfo bound to double the
Cape, we jog'd on together this Afternoon and the
itxt Day, and had feveral fair Sights of it i which
^hichmay be feen [Table III. N°. 6, 7, 8.]

Colour d Clouds boding a Storm,
\ To ptoceed: Having Hill a Wefterly Wind,
jog'd on in company with the Antelope, till Sunda-
June the 4th at 4 in the Afternoon, when we part'
ed ; they fleering away for the Eaft-Indies, and )
keeping an E. S. E. Courfe, the better to make m)
way for New Holland: For tho' New Holland lie;
North-Eafterly from the Cape, yet all Ships bounc
towards that Coaft, or the Streights of Sundy,
ought to keep for a while in the fame Parallel, or
maLat. between 35 and 40. at leaft a little to the
S. of the Eaft. that they may continue in a variable
Winds way ; and not venture too foon to Hand fo
far to the North, as to be within the Verge of the
Trade- Wind, which will put them by their Eafterly
Courfe. The Wind increafed upon us ; but we had
yet fight of the Antelope, and of the Land too, till
-Tuefday the 6th of June: And then we faw alfo by
us an innumerable Company of Fowls of divers
forts ; fo that we look'd about to fee if there were
not another dead Whale, but faw none. '

The Night before, the Sun fet in a black Cloud,
which appeared juft like Land; and the Clouds a-
bove it were gilded of a dark red Colour. And 'on
the Tuefday, as the Sun drew near the Horizon, the
Clouds were gilded very prettily to the Eye, tho*
at the fame time my Mind dreaded the Confequences
of it. When the Sun was now not above 2 deo-.<
high, it entered into a dark Smoaky-coloured Clouci
that lay parallel with the Horizon, from whence
prefently feem'd toilTue many dusky blackifh Beams.
The Sky was at this time covered with fmall hard
Clouds (as we callfuchas lye Scattering about, not
likely to Rain j very thick one by another ; and fuch
of them as lay next to the Bank of Clouds at the
Horizon, were of a pure Gold Colour to 3 or 4
deg. high above the Bank : From thefe to about iq
deg. high they were redder, and very bright ; a-
bove them they were of a darker Colour ftill, to a-

bout

A Storm. 77

>ut 60 or 70 deg. high ; where the Clouds began An. 1699.
i be of their common Colour. I took the more ^"VNrf
Lrticular Notice of all this, becaufe I have gene-
lly obferved fuch colour'd Clouds to appear before
t approaching Storm : And this being Winter
ire, and the time for bad Weather, I expected and
ovided for a violent blaft of Wind, by rifling our
opfails, and giving a ftrict charge to my Officers
hand them or take them in, if the Wind fhould
ow ftronger. The Wind was now at W. N. W.
very brisk Gale. About 12 a Clock at Night we
,d a pale whitifh Glare in the N. W. which was a-
>ther Sign, and intimated the Storm to be near at
,nd ; and the Wind increafing upon it, we pre-
itly handed our Top-fails, furled the Main-fail,
d went away only with our Fore-fail. Before 2
the Morning it came on very fierce, and we kepc
rht before Wind and Sea, the Wind ftill encrea-
lg : But the Ship was very governable, and fleer-
incomparably well. At 8 in the Morning we
:tled our Fore-yard, lowering it 4 or 5 Foot, and
; ran very fwiftly ; efpecially when the Squalls of
lin or Hail, from a black Cloud, came over Head,
r then it blew exceffive hard. Thefe, tho' they
i not laft long, yet came very thick and fall one
ter another. The Sea alfo ran very high ; But
J running fo violently before Wind and Sea, we
ip'd little or no Water ; tho' a little wahYd into
tr upper Deck-Ports ; and with it a Scuttle or
jttle-Fifh was call upon the Carriage of a Gun.
The Wind blew extraordinary hard all Wednefday^
e 7th of June, but abated of its fiercenefs before
ight : Yet it continued a brisk Gale till about the
th, and ftill a moderate one till the 19th Day •, by*
lich time we had run about 600 Leagues : For the
oft part of which time the Wind was in fome
>int of the Weft, viz, from the W. N. W. to the
by W. It blew hardeft when at W. or between

the

7$ Seafon of Weft. Winds here. Winds and Courfe,

'<*»• i6?9the W. andS. W. but after it veered more South-
erly the foul Weather broke up : This I obfervec1
at other times alfo in thefe Seas, that when the
Storms at Weft veered to the Southward they gre^
lefs ; and that when the Wind came to the E. of ttrt
S. we had ftill fmaller Gales, Calms, and fair Wea-
ther. As for the Wefterly Winds on that fide the
Cape, we like them, never the worfe for being vio-
lent, for they drive us the fafter to the Eaftward j
and are therefore the only Winds coveted by thofe
who Sail towards fuch parts of the Eaft-Indies, as
lye South of the Equator ; as Timor, Java, and
Sumatra*, and by the Ships bound for China, or any
other that are to pafs through the Streightsof Sundy.
Thofe Ships having once pall the Cape, keep com-
monly pretty far Southerly, on purpofe to meet
with thefe Weft-winds, which in the Winter Sea-
fon of thefe Climates they foon meet with ; for then
the Winds are generally Wefterly at the Cape, and
efpecially to the Southward of it : But in their Sum-
mer Months they get to the Southward of 40 deg.
ufually e're they meet with the Wefterly Winds. I
was not at this time in a higher Lat. than 36 deg. 40
min. and oftentimes was more Northerly, alterino-
my Latitude often as Winds and Weather required ;
for in fuch long Runs 'tis beft to fhape one's Courfe
acording to the Winds. And if in fleering to the
Eaft, we mould be obliged to bear a little to the
N. or S. of it, 'tis no great Matter ; for 'tis but
failing 2 or 3 Poin-ts from the Wind, when 'tis ei-
ther Northerly or Southerly •, and this not only
eafcth the Ship from ftraining, but fh or tens the way
more than if a Ship was kept clofe on a Wind, as
fome Men are fond of doing.

The 19 th of June, we were in Lat. 34 deg. 17
min. S. and Long, from the Cape 39 deg. 24 min. E.
and had fmall Gales and Calms. The Winds were
at N. E. by E. and continued in fome Part of the

E. till

towards N. Hoi. Signs of being near Land. 79

1. till the 27 th Day. When it having been fome-rf*. i60
'ime at N. N. E. it came about at N. and then to U^VsJ
le W. of the N. and continued in the Weft-board
Detween the N. N. W. and S. S. W.J till the 4th of
uly -, in which Time we ran 782 Miles •, then the
ftnds came about again to the Eaft, we reckon-
lg our felves to be in a Meridian 1 1 00 L. Eaft of
le Cape\ and having fair Weather, founded, but
id no Ground.

We met with little of Remark in this Voyage,
efides being accompanied with Fowls a]l the way,
fpecially Pintado-Birds, and feeing now and then
Whale : But as we drew nigher the Coaft of New-
lolland, we faw frequently 3 or 4 Whales together.
Vhen we were about 90 Leagues from the Land
re began to fee Sea- weeds, all of one Sort -, and as t
re drew nigher the Shore we faw them more fre-
uently. At about^o Leagues diftance we began
i fee fome Scuttle-bones floating on the Water ;
rcd drawing ftill nigher the Land we faw greater
Kiantities of them.

July 25. being in Lat. 26. deg. 14 min. S. and
>ongitude E. from the C. of Good Hope 85 deg.
2 min. we faw a large Gar-fifh leap 4 Times by us,
hich feemed to be as big as a Porpofe. It was
ow very fair Weather, and the Sea was full of a -
ort of very fmall Grafs or Mofs, which as it float-
i in the Water feem'd to have been fome Spawn
and there was among it fome fmall Fry.

f Fifh

"he next Day the Sea was full of fmall round
liings like Pearl, fome as big as white Peas ; they
rere very clear and tranfparent, and upon crufh-
ig any of them a Drop of Water would come
>rth : The Skin that contain'd the Water was fo
lin that it was but juft difcernable. Some Weeds
vam by us, fo that we did not doubt but we
lould quickly fee Land. On the 27th alfo, fome
Veeds fwam by us, and the Birds that had flown

along

so Whales. Skipjacks. Fowls, &c.

rA». 1699. along with us all the wayafmoft from Brazil, now
W"^ left us, except only 2 or 3 Shear-waters. On the
28th We faw many Weeds fwim by us, and fome
Whales, blowing. On the 29th we had dark clou-
dy Weather, with much Thunder, Lightning, and
violent Rains in the Morning ; but in the Evening
it grew fair. We faw this Day a Scuttle-bone fwim
by us, and fome of our young Men a Seal, as it
fhould feem by their Defcription of its Head. I faw
alfo fome Boneta's, and fome Skipjacks, a Fifh a-
bout 8 Inches long, broad and fizeable, not much
unlike a Roach ; which our Seamen call fo from
their leaping about.

The 30th of July, being ftill nearer the Land,
we faw Abundance of Scuttle-bones and Sea-weed,
more Tokens that we were not far from it > and faw
alfo a Sort of Fowls, the like of which we had not
ieen in the whole Voyage, all the other Fowls ha-
ving now left us. Thefe were as big as Lapwings ;
of a grey Colour, black about their Eyes, with
red iharp Bills, long Wings, their Tails long and
forked like Swallows •, and they flew flapping their
Wings like Lapwings. In the Afternoon we met
with a Ripling like a Tide or Current, or the Wa-
ter of fome Shoal or Over-fall ; but were paft it be-
- fore we could found. The Birds laft mention'd
and this were further Signs of Land. In the Eve-
ning we had fair Weather, and a fmall Gale at
Weft. At 8 a Clock we founded again ; but had
no Grounds

We kept on ftill to the Eaftward, with an eafy
Sail, looking out (harp : For by the many Signs
we had, I did expect that we were near the Land.
At 12 a Clock in the Night I founded, and had 45
Fathom, coarfe Sand and fmall white Shells. I pre-
(Ghtly clapt on a Wind and ftood to the South, with
the Wind at W. becaufe I thought we were to the
South of a Shoal call'd the Abrohles (an Appellative

Name

a^.M& ur, "Nervr Holland

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3«* &laxh3Lotks

Abrohlo- Shoal near N.H. The A. arrives at^. H. S i

Name for Shoals, as it feems to me) which in & An. 1699:
Draught I had of that Coaft is laid down in 27 deg. ;-^^r>SJ
28 min. Lat. ftretching about 7 Leagues into the
Sea. I was the Day before in 27 deg. 38 min. by
Reckoning. And afterwards fleering E. by S. pur-
pofely to avoid it, I thought I mud have been to
the South of it : But founding again, at 1 a Clock
in the Morning, Aug. the firft, we had but 25 Fa-
thom, Coral Rocks ; and fo found the Shoal was
to the South of us. We prefently tack'd again,
and Hood to the North, and then foon deepned our
Water ; for at 2 in the Morning we had 26 Fathom
Coral ftill : At 3 we had 28 Coral-ground .: At 4
we had 30 Fathom, coarfe Sand, with fome Coral :
At 5 we had 45 Fathom, coarfe Sand and Shells ;
being now off the Shoal, as appeared by the Sand
and Shells, and by having left the Coral. By all
this I knew we had fallen into the North of the
Shoal, and that it was laid down wrong in my Sea-
Chart : For I found it lye in about 27 deg. Lat. and
by our Run in the next Day, I found that the Out-
ward-edge of it, which I founded on, lies 16
Leagues off Shore, When it was Day we fleered
in E. N E. with a fine brisk Gale ; but did not fee
the Land till 9 in the Morning, when we faw it
from our Topmaft-head, and were diftant from it
about 10 Leagues •, having then 40 Fathom-water,
and clean Sand. About 3 Hours after we faw it on
our Quarter-Deck, being by Judgment about 6
Leagues off, and we had then 40 Fathom, clean
Sand. As we ran in, this Day and the next, we
took feveral Sights of it, at different Bearings and
Diftances •, from which it appear'd as you fee in
[fable IV. N°. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.] And here I would
note once for all, that the Latitudes mark'd in the
Draughts, or Sights here given, are not the Lati-
tude of the Land,, but of the Ship when the Sight
was taken. This Morning, Augufi the firft, as we
.V q l. III. G were

82 N. Hoi . in Lat.26 S. The A. ftands off again.

rAn. 1 699. were {landing in we faw feveral large Sea-fowls, like
^"VX- our Gannets on the Coaft of England^ flying 3 or 4
together ; and a Sort of white Sea-Mews, but black
about the Eyes, and with forked Tails. We fcrove
to run in near the Shore to feek for a Harbour to re-
frefh us after our tedious Voyage •, having made one
continued Stretch from Brazil hither of about 114
deg. defigning from hence alfo to begin the Difco-
very I had a Mind to make on N. Holland and N¥
Guinea. The Land was low, and appear'd even,
and as we drew nearer to it, it made (as you fee
in Table IV. N°. 3, 4, 5.; with fome red and fome
white Clifts ; thefe lafl in Lat. 26. 10 S. where you
will find 54 Fathom, within 4 Miles of the Shore.

About the Lat. of 26 deg. S. we faw an Opening,
and ran in, hoping to find a Harbour there : But
when we came to its Mouth, which was about 2
Leagues wide, we faw Rocks and foul Ground with-
in, and therefore flood out again : There we had
20 Fathom- water within 2 Mile of the Shore. The
Land every where appear'd pretty low, flat and e-
yen j but with fteep Clirfs to the Sea •, and when we
came near it there were no Trees, Shrubs or Grafs
to be feen. The Soundings in the Lat. of 26 deg,
S. from about 8 or 9 Leagues off till you come
within a League of the Shore, are generally about
40 Fathom ; differing but little, feldom above 3 or
4 Fathom. But the Lead brings up very different
Sorts of Sand, fome coarfe, fome fine 5 and of fe-
veral Colours, as Yellow, White, Grey, Brown,
Blueifh and Reddifh.

When I faw there was no Harbour here, nor good
anchoring, I flood off to Sea again, in the Evening
of the fecond of Auguft, fearing a Storm on a Lee-
fhore, in a Place where there was no Shelter, and
defiring at leafl to have Sea-room: For the Clouds
began to grow thick in the Weftern-board, and the
Wind was already there, and began to blow frefh

almoft

Arrival at Sharks Bay in Jsf. Holland.

almoft upon the Shore ; which at this Place lies a- ^. 1699:
long N. N. W. and S. S. E. By 9 a Clock at Night <-OTNi
we had got a pretty good Offin ; but the Wind ftilj
increafing, I took in my Main Top-fail, being able
to carry no more Sail than two Courfes and the
Mizen. At 2 in the Morning, Aug. 3. it blew ve-
ry hard, and the Sea was much raifed -, fo that I
furled all my Sails but my Main-fail. Tho' the
Wind blew fo hard, we had pretty clear Weather
till Noon : But then the whole Sky was black ned
with thick Clouds, and we had fome Rain, which
would laft a Quarter of an Hour at a Time, and
then it would blow very fierce while the Squalls of
Rain were over our Heads ; but as foon as they
were gone the Wind was by much abated, the Strefs
of the Storm being over^ We founded feveral
Times, but had no Ground till 8 a Clock Aug. the
4th in the Evening ; and then had 60 Fathom-water,
Coral-ground. At 1 o we had 5 6 Fathom fine Sand!
At 12 we had $5 Fathom, fine Sand, of a pale
blueifh Colour. It was new pretty moderate Wea-
ther ; yet I made no Sail till Morning •, but then,
the Wind veering about to the S. W. I made Sail
and flood to the North : And at 1 1 a Clock the next
Day, Aug. 5. we faw Land again, at about 10
Leagues diftance. This Noon we were in Lat. 25
deg. 30 min. and in the Afternoon our Cook died,
an old Man, who had been fick a great while, be-
ing infirm before we came out of England.

The 6th of Auguft in the Morning we faw an O-
pening in the Land, and we ran into it, and ancho-
red in 7 and a half Fathom-water, 2 Miles from the
Shore, clean Sand. It was "fomewhat difficult get-
:ing in here, by Reafon of many Shoals we met
Nixh : But I fent my Boat founding before me. The
Mouth of this Sound, which I cali'd Shark's Bav9
ie$ in about 25 deg: S. Lat. and our Reckoning
nade its Longitude from the C. of Good Hope to
G 2 be

8+ Soil of Shark's-Bay in N. Holland."

An. 1699.be about 87 Degrees ; which is lefs by 195 Leagues
^v~\i than is ufaally laid down in our common Draughts,
if our Reckoning was right, and our Glaffes did not
deceive us. As foon as I came to anchor in this
Bay (of which I have given a Plan, Table IV.
N°. 6.) I fent my Boat afhore to feek for frefh Wa-
ter : But in the Evening my Men returned, having
found none. The next Morning I went afhore my
ielf, carrying Pick-axes and Shovels with me, to
dig for Water \ and Axes to cut Wood. We tri-
ed in feveral Places for Water, but finding none af-
ter feveral Trials, nor in feveral Miles Compafs, we
left any farther Search for it, and fpending the reft
of the Day in cutting Wood, we went aboard at
Night.

The Land is of an indifferent Heighth, fo that it
may be feen 9 or 10 Leagues off. It appears at a
Diftance very even ; but as you come nigher you
find there are many gentle Rifings, tho' norte fteep
nor high. ' 'Tis all a fteep Shore againft the open
Sea : But in this Bay or Sound we were now in, the
Land is low by the Sea-fide, rifing gradually in
within the Land. The Mould is Sand by the Sea-
fide, producing a large Sort of Sampier, which
bears a white Flower. Farther in, the Mould is
reddifh, a Sort of Sand producing fome Grafs,
Plants, and Shrubs. The Grafs grows in great
Tufts, as big as a Bufhel, here and there a Tuft :
Being intermix'd with much Heath, much of the
kind we have growing on our Commons in England,
Of Trees or Shrubs here are clivers Sorts ; but none
above 1 o Foot high : There Bodies about 3 Foot
about, and 5 or 6 Foot high before you come to
t\\t Branches, which are bufhy and compos'd of
fmall Twigs there fpreading abroad, thos thick fet,
and full of Leaves ; which were moftly long and
narrow. The Colour of the Leaves was on one-
Side whitifh, and on the other green ; and the

Bark

np .Jfry . ybrti 3

TUce -this T,8z

UtU&fy af&r.&oHatU.3?.85k

ithe head, Sc areatejh -partr
of ' y neck, of -thtJ htrd is
?W, 8c -therein d%-ffer$-from
-me +4^vop?tta> of I-taly .

*si C ctnotiZMxnldy . 2*.g(,

are.

OJreZiU 8&Z-ej#s. of ihu Zirlare of a £rtj-h-tR,ed,

Veg. and B. of Shark VB. A part k. fort of Cm, S $
Bark of the Trees was generally of the fame Colour ^^99-
with the Leaves, of a pale green. Some of thefe
Trees were fweet-fcented, and reddiih within the
Bark, like Saffafras, but redder. Mod of the
Trees and Shrubs had at this Time either Bioffoms
or Berries on them. The Bioffoms of the different
Sort of Trees were of feveral Colours, as red,
white, yellow, fcfa but moftly blue: And thefe
o-enerally fmelt very fweet and fragrant, as did
fome alfo of the reft. There were alio befide fome
Plants, Herbs, and tall Flowers, fome very fmall
Flowers, growing on the Ground, that were fweet
and beautiful, and for the moft part unlike any I
had feen elfewhere.

There were but few Land-Fowls ^ we faw none
but Eagles, of the larger Sorts of Birds ; but 5 or
6 Sorts of fmall Birds. The biggeft Sort of thefe
were not bigger than Larks •, fome no bigger than
Wrens, all finging with great Variety of fine flirill
Notes ; and we faw fome of" their Nefts with young
Ones in them. The Water-Fowls are Ducks,
(which had young Ones now, this being the Begin-
ning of the Spring in thefe Parts ;) Curlews^ Gal-
dens, Crab-catchers, Cormorants, Gulls, Pelicans;
and fome Water-Fowl, fuch as I have not feen any
where befides. I have given the Piclures of 4 fe-
veral Birds on this Coaft. [See Birds: Fig. 2, 3,

'The Land- Animals that we faw here were only a
Sort of Raccoons, different from thofe of the Weft-
Indies,, chiefly as to their Legs j for thefe have very
ihort Fore-Legs ; but go jumping upon them as the
others do, (and like them are very good Meat:}
And a Sort of Guano's, of the fame Shape and Size
with other Guano's, defcrib'd [Vol. I. p. 57-1 but
differing from them in 3 remarkable Particulars;
' For thefe had a larger and uglier Head, and had no
Tail : And at the Rump, inftead of the Tail, there,
G 2 the}'

S5 Fifi of Shark'/ Bay.

j^ppthey had a Stump of a Tail, which appeared like a-

Mouth or Eyes : Yet this Creature feem'd by this
Means to have a Head at each End ; and, Which
may be reckoned a fourth Difference, the Legs al-
fo J eem d all 4 of them to be Fore-legs, beinl all
alike m Shape and Length, and feeming by the
Joints and Bending to be made as if they were to
go indifferently either Head or Tail foremolt. They
were fpeckled black and yellow like Toads, and
had Scales or Knobs on their Backs like thofe of
crocodiles, plated on to the Skin, or ftuck into it,
as part of the Skin. They are very flow in Moti-
on ; and when a Man comes nigh them they will
Itand inll and hifs, not endeavouring to get away.
Their Livers are alfofpotted black and yellow : And
the Body when opened hath a very unfavory Smell
1 cud never fee foci ugly Creatures any where but
ftere. i he Guano's I have obferv'd to be very good
Meat : And I have often eaten of them with Plea.
lure; but tho' I have eaten of Snakes, Crocodiles
and Alienators, and many Creatures that look
frightfully enough, and there are but few I mould
have been afraid to eat of, if preft by Hunger, yet
I think my Stomach would fcarce have ferv'd to
venture upon thefe N, Holland Guano's, both the
Looks and the SrrHl of them being fo offenfive

The Sea-ffn tnat we faw here (for here was no
River, Land or Pond of frelh Water to be feen) are
chiefly Sharks. There are Abundance of them in
tiiis particular Sound, that I therefore give it the
Name of Shark's Say. Here are alfo Skates,
Thornbacks, and other Fifh of the Ray-kind ; Tone
Sort efpecially like the Sea-Devil) and Gar-fifh, Bo-
nera s &c. Of Shell-filh we got here Mufcles, Pe-
riwinkles, Limpits, Oyfters, both of the Pearl-
kmd and alfo Eating-Oyfters, as well the common
fcprf as long Qyilers \ befide Cockles, fcfe The

Shore

Shells, Turtle, large Shark. TheA.'s Stay in Sh.B. 8 7

Shore was lined thick with many other Sorts of very An. 1699.
ftrange and beautiful Shells, for Variety of Colour ~*OrW
and Shape, moft finely fpotted with Red, Black,
or Yellow, Z3c. fuch as I have not feen any where
but at this Place. I brought away a great many of
them 3 but loft all except a very few, and thofe not
of the belt.

There are alfo fome green Turtle weighing about
200 ft. Of thefe we caught 2, which the Water
Ebbing had left behind a Ledge of Rock, which
they could not creep over. Thefe ferved all my
Company 2 Days 3 and they were indifferent fweet
Meat. Of the Sharks we caught a great many,
which our Men eat very favourily. Among them
we caught one which was 1 1 Foot long. The Space
between its 2 Eyes was 20 Inches, and 18 Inches
from one Corner of his Mouth to the other. Its
Maw was like a Leather Sack, very thick, and fo
tough that a fliarp Knife could fcarce cut it : In
which we found the Head and Bones of a Hippopota-
mus 3 the hairy Lips of which were ftill found and
not putrified, and the Jaw was alfo firm, out of
which we pluckt a great many Teeth, 2 of them 8
Inches long, and as big as a Man's Thumb, fmall
a.t one End, and a little crooked 3 the reft not a-
bove half fo long. The Maw was full of Jelly,
which ftank extremely: However I faved for a
while the Teeth and the Shark's Jaw : The Flem of
it was divided among my Men 3 and they took Care
that no Wafte mould be made of it.

•Twas the 7th of Aug. when we came into Shares-
Bay 3 in which we anchor'd at 3 feveral Places, and
ftay'd at the firft of them (on the Weft -fide of the
Bay) till the 1 1 th. During which Time we fearch-
ed about, as I faid, for frefh Water, digging Wells,
but to no Purpofe. However, we cut good Store
of Fire-wood at this firft anchoring-place 3 and my
Company were all here very well refremed with Rac-
G 4. coons,

8S Sailing about Sharks-Bay."

^9P.coom, Turtle, Shark, and other Fifh, and fome
fowls ; io that we were now all much brisker *han
when we came in hither. Yet Hill I was for Handing:
farther into the Bay, partly becaufe I had a Mind to
mcreafe my Stock of frefh Water, which was began
to be low ; and partly for the fake of difcoverW
tins Part of the Coaft. I was invited to go further!
by feeing from this Anchoring-place all open before
rne ; which therefore I defigned to fearch before
i left the Bay. So on the nth akout Noon, I

I ilr ^rther ln' with an eaiV Sail> becaufe we had
but mallow Water : We kept therefore good look-
ing out for Fear of Shoals ; fometimes fhortning,
fometimes deepning the Water. About 2 in the
Afternoon we faw the Land a-Head that makes the

ei ?i'- rBay' and before Night we had again
Sholdmgs from that Shore : And therefore fhortned
Sail and flood off and on all Night, under 2 Top-
fans, continually founding, having never more than
10 Fathom, and feldom lefs than 7. The Water
' deepned land I fholdned fo very gently, that in heav-
ing the Lead 5 or 6 Times we mould fcarce have a
-boot difference. When we came into 7 Fathom ei-
ther way, we prefendy went about. From this S
part of the Bay, we could not fee the Land from
whence we came in the Afternoon : And this Land
we found_ to L?e an Wand of ? or 4 Leagues lone,
as is feen in the Plan, [Table IV. NQ. 6.] but it ap-
pearing barren, J did not ftrive to go nearer it; and
the rather becaufe the Winds would not permit us
to do ir without much Trouble, and at the Opening
the Water was generally fnoal. I therefore made no
farther Attempts in this S. W. and S. part of the
Bay, but fleered away to the Eaflward, to fee if
there was any Land that Way, for as yet we had
feen none there. On the 12th in the Mornino- we
pafs.'d by the N, Point of that Land and were°conv

firm'd

in the

Periuafion of its being an Ifland, by

feeing

Going out of Shark's-Bay."

feeing an Opening to the Eaft of it, as we had done An-J^9>
on the W. Having fair Weather, a fmall Gale and '•/^^
fmooth Water, we flood further on inr the Bay, to
fee what Land was on the E. of it. Our Soundings
at firft were 7 Fathom, which held fo a great while,
but at length it decreas'd to 6. Then we faw the
Land right a- head, that in the Plan makes the E. of
the Bay. We could not come near it with the Ship, ha-
ving but Shoal-water ; and it being dangerous lying
there, and the Land extraordinary low, very unlike-
ly to have frefh Water f though it had a few^ Trees
on it, feemingly Mangrqves) and much of it pro-
bably covered at High-water, I flood out again
that Afternoon, deepning the Water, and before
Night anchored in 8 Fathom, clean white Sand, about
the Middle of the Bay. The next Day we got up
our Anchor ; and that Afternoon came to an An-
chor once more near 2 Iflands, and a Shoal of Coral
Rocks that face the Bay. Here I fcrubb'd my
Ship ; and finding it very improbable I mould get
any thing further here, I made the beft of my way
out to Sea again, founding all the way : but finding
by the Shallownefs of the Water that there was no
going out to Sea to the Eaft of the two Iflands that
face the Bay, nor between them, I return'd to the
Weft Entrance, going out by the fame way I came
in at, only on the Eaft inftead of the Weft-fide of
the fmall Shoal to be feen in the Plan : In which
Channel we had 10, 12, and 13 Fathom-water,
ftill deepning upon us till we were out at Sea. The
Day before we came out I fent a Boat afhore to the
moft Northerly of the 2 Iflands, which is the leaft of
them, catching many fmall Fifh in the mean while
with Hook and Line. The Boat's Crew returning,
told me, that the Ifle produces nothing but a Sort
of green, fhort, hard, prickly Grafs, affording nei-
ther Wood nor frefh Water ; and that a Sea broke
between the 2 Iflands, a Sign that the Water was

mallow.

90 The A. departs from Sh. B. Coafiingahng N H
Sg^fc fallow. They faw a large Turtle, and many
^ okates and T|iorn backs, but caught none.

It was Auguft the i4th when I fail'd out of this
Bay or Sound, the Mouth of which lies, as I faid
xt 24 % t5, min" de%ninS to coaft along to the
JN. L. till I might commodioufly put in at fome o-
ther part of K Holland. In paffing out we faw ?
Water-Serpents fwimming about in the Sea, of a
yellow Colour, fpotted with dark brown Spots.
They were each about 4 Foot long, and about the
Bignefs of a Man's Wrift, and were the firft I faw
on this Coaft, which abounds with feveral Sorts of
them. We had the Winds at our firft coming out
at N and the Land lying North-Eafterly. W? pli-
ed off and on, getting forward but little till the next
Day : when the Wind coming at S. S. W and S
we began to coaft it along the Shore to the North-
ward keeping at 6 or 7 Leagues off Shore ; and
founding often, we had between 40 and 46 Fathom-
water, brown Sand, with fome white Shells This
15th of Auguft we were in Lat. 24 deg. 4I min
On the 1 6th Day at Noon we were in 23 dea; 22'
mm. The Wind coming at E. by N. we could not
Keep the Shore aboard, but were forc'd to a0 far-
ther off, and loft Sight of the Land. Then found-
mg we had no Ground with 80 Fathom-line ; how-
ever tne Wind fhortly after came about again to the
Southward, and then we jogg'd on again to the
Kortnward ana faw many fmall Dolphins- and
Whales, and Abundance of Scuttle-fhells fwimmino-
on the Sea ; and fome Water-fnakes every Day°
m ?7& wefaw the Land again, and took a Sight
of it. [See Tab. IV. N°. 7.] ■ 5

vThe 1 8th in the Afternoon, being 3 or 4 Leagues
f "fore> I law a Shoal-point, ft retching from the
Land into the Sea, a League or more. The Sea
broke high on it ; by which I faw plainly there was
a Shoal there. I flood farther off, and coafted Z

long

Shoals, andnoify Whales. Coafl'mg along N. H. 91

long Shore, to about 7 or 8 Leagues diftance: And^w. 1699^'
it 12 a Clock at Night we founded, and had but 20 0"V\i
Fathom, hard Sand. By this I found I was upon
mother Shoal, and fo prefently fleered off W. half
in Hour, and had then 40 Fathom. At One in the
Morning of the 18th Day we had 85 Fathom:
By two we could find no Ground ; and then I ven^
:ur'd to fleer along Shore again, due N. which is
:wo Points wide of the Coaft (that lies N. N. E.)
for fear of another Shoal. I would not be too far
3rF from the Land, being defirous to fearch into it
ivhere-ever I mould find an Opening or any Conve-
nience of fearching about for Water, &c. When
ive were off the Shoal-point I mention' d where we
lad but 20 Fathom-water, we had in the Night A-
^undance of Whales about the Ship, fome a-head,
Dthers a-ftern, and fome on each fide blowing and
making a very difmal Noife ; but when we came
Dut again into deeper Water they left us. Indeed
:he Noife. that they made by blowing and darning of
:he Sea with their Tails, making it all of a Breach
md Foam, was very dreadful to us, like the Breach
Df the Waves in very Shoal-water, or among
Rocks. The Shoal thefe Whales were upon had
Depth of Water fufficient, no lefs than 20 Fathom,
is I faid ; and it lies in Lat. 22. deg. 22 min. The
Shore was generally bold all along •, we had met with
10 Shoal at Sea fince the Abrobk-fhoa}, when we firft
Fell on the N. Holland Coaft in the Lat. of 28. till
5fefterday in the Afternoon, and this Night. This
Morning alfo when wen^ecled by the Draught we
tad with us to have been 11 Leagues off Shore, we
svere but 4 •, fo t.nat either our Draughts were faul-
ty, which yet hitherto and afterwards we found true
enough as to the lying of the Coaft, or elfe here
was a Tide unknown to us that deceived us ; tho*
we had found very little of any Tide on this Coaft
litherto. As to our Winds in the Coafting thus

far,

Breezes on the Coaft of N. Holland.

rAn. 1 699. far, as we had been within the Verge of the general
^"V^ Trade (tho* interrupted by the Storm I mention'd)
from the Lat. of 28, when we firft fell in with the
Coaft : And by that Time we were in the Lat. of
25. we had ufually the regular Trade-wind (which
is here S. S. E.) when we were at any Diftance from
Shore : But we had often Sea and Land-Breezes, es-
pecially when near Shore, and when in Shark* s-bay ;
and had a particular N. Weft Wind, or Storm, that
fet us in thither. On this 18 th of Auguft we coafted
with a brisk Gale of the true Trade-wind at S. S. E,
very fair and clear Weather ; but haling off in the
Evening to Sea, were next Morning out of Sight
of Land ; and the Land now trending away N. Eaft-
erly, and we being to the Norward of it, and the
Wind alfo fhrinking from the S. S. E. to the E. S. E.
(that is, from the true Trade- Wind to the Sea-
breeze, as the Land now lay) we could not get in
with the Land again yet a- while, fo as to fee it, tho'
we trim'd fharp and kept clofe on a Wind. We
were this 19th day in Lat. 21 deg. 42 min. The
20th we were in Lat. 19 deg. 37 min. and kept
clofe on a Wind to get Sight of the Land again,
but could not yet fee it. We had very fair Wea-
ther ; and tho' we were fo far from the Land as to
be out of Sight of it, yet we had the Sea and Land-
Breezes. In the Night we had the Land-Breeze at
S. S. E. a fmall gentle Gale -, which in the Morn-
would fhift about gradually
about Noon
we mould have it at E. S. E. which is the true Sea-
breeze here. Then it would blow a brisk Gale, fo
that we could fcarce carry our Top-fails double rift :
And it would continue thus till 3 in the Afternoon,
when it would decreaie again. The Weather was fair
ail the while, not a Cloud to be feen ; but very hazy,
efpecially nigh the Horizon. WTe founded feveral
Times this 20th Day, and at firft had no Ground ;

but,

mg about

Sun-nfing

(ana withal increafmg in Strength) till

Sea-Serpents. N.Holland. Iflands by N. Holland, 9$

but had afterwards from 52 to 45 Fathom, coarfe ^». 1609J
brown Sand, mixt with fmall brown and white ^^r\i
Stones, with Dints befides in the Tallow.

The 2 1 ft Day alfo we had fmall Land-breezes in

the Night, and Sea-breezes in the Day : And as we

faw fome Sea-fnakes every Day, fo this Day we faw

a great many, of two different Sorts or Shapes.

One Sort was yellow, and about the Bignefs of a

Man's Wrift, about 4 Foot long, having a flat Tail

about 4 Fingers broad. The other Sort was much

fmaller and ihorter, round and fpotted black and

yellow. This Day we founded feveral Times, and

had 45 Fathom Sand. We did not make the Land

till Noon, and then faw it firft from our Topmaft-

head. It bore S. E. by E. about 9 Leagues dift-

ance •, and it appeared like a Cape or Head of Land.

The Sea-breeze this Day was not fo flrong as the

Day before, and it veered out more •, fo that we had

a fair Wind to run in with to the Shore, and at Sun-

fet anchored in 20 Fathom, clean Sand, about 5

Leagues from the bluff Point ; which was not a Cape

fas it appear' d at a great DiftanceJ) but the Eaftermoft

End of an Ifland, about) 5 or 6 Leagues in length, and

i in breadth. There were 3 or 4 Rocky Iflands about

a League from us between us and the bluff Point ;

and we faw many other Iflands both to the Eaft and

Weft of it, as far as we could fee either way from our

Topmaft-head : And all within them to the S. there

was nothing but Iflands of a pretty Heighth, that

may be feen 8 or 9 Leagues off. By what we faw ot

them they muft have been a Range of Iflands of about

20 Leagues in length, ftretching from E. N. E. to

WT. S. W. and for I ought I know, as far as to thofe

of Shark* s-Bay • and to a considerable Breadth alfo,

(forwe could fee 9 or 10 Leagues in among them)

towards the Continent or main Land of N. Holland,

if there be any fuch Thing hereabouts : And by the

o-rear Tides I met v/ith a while afterwards, more to

* the

94 Tafman'j ^Draught rettified.

S2XSg"*S % uEaft> * had a ftr™g Sufpicion that here
might be a kind of Archipelago of Iflands, and a
PafTage poffibly to the S. of N. Holland and N Gui-
nea into the great S. Sea Eaftward ; which I had
I houghts alfo of attempting in my Return from TV.
Guinea fhad Circumflances permitted; and told my
Officers fo: But I would not attempt it at this
Time, becaufe we wanted Water, and could
not depend upon finding it there. This Place is
in the Lat. of 20 deg. 21 min. but in the Draught
that I had of this Coaft, which was To/man's,
it was aid down m 19 deg.'^o min. and the
bnore is Jaid down as all along joining in one Body
or Continent, with fome Openings appearing like
Rivers ; and not like Iflands, as really they are
See feveral Sights of it, Table IV. N°. 8, 9 jo*
This Place lies more Northerly by 40 min. than is
Jaid down in Mr. To/man's Draught : And befide its
being made a firm, continued Land, only with
fome Openings like the Mouths of Rivers, I found
the Soundings alfo different from what the prick'd
Line of his Courfe fhews them, and generally
ihallower than he makes them ; which inclines me
to think that he came not fo near the Shore as his
Line fhews, and fo had deeper Soundings, and
could not fo well diftinguifh the Iflands. His Meri-^
1 dian or Difference of Longitude from Sbark>s-Bay
agrees well enough with my Account, which is 232
Leagues, tho' we differ in Lat. And to confirm
my Conje&ure that the Line of his Courfe is made
too near the Shore, at leaft not far to the Eaft of
this Place, the Water is there fo fhallow that he
could not come there fo nigh.

But to proceed ; in the Night we had a fmall
Land-breeze, and m the Morning I weighed An-
chor, designing to run in among the Iflands, for
they had large Channels between them, of a League
wide at leaft, and fome 2 or 3 Leagues wide ' I

fenc

Ranging along N. Holland Ijlandsl

fent in my Boat before to found, and if they founds. 1699.
Shoal-water to return again ; but if they found Wa- i^TNJ
:er enough, to go amore on one of the Ifiands, and
lay till the Ship came in : where they might in the
inean Time fearch for Water. t So we followed after
tfith the Ship, founding as we went in, and had 20
Fathom, till within 2 Leagues of the Bluff-head,
md then we had fhoal Water, and very uncertain
Soundings : Yet we ran in (till with an eafy Sail,
bunding and looking out well, for this was dange-
•ous Work. When we came abreafl of the Bluff-
lead, and about 2 Mile from it, we had but 7 Fa-
:hom : Then we edg'd away from it, but had no
nore Water ; and running in a little farther, we
lad but 4 fathoms ; fo we anchored immediately ;
ind yet when we had veered out a third of a Cable
ve had 7 Fathom Water again ; fo uncertain was
he Water. My Boat came immediately aboard,
md told me that the Ifland was very rocky and
Iry, and they had little Hopes of finding Water
here. I fent them to found, and bad them, if they
bund a Channel of 8 or 10 Fathom Water, to keep
>n, and we would follow with the Ship. We were
low about 4 Leagues within the outer fmall rocky
Hands, but Hill could fee nothing but Wands with-
n us •, fome 5 or 6 Leagues long, others not above
, Mile round. The large Ifiands were pretty high;
>ut all appeared dry, and moftly rocky and barren,
fhe Rocks look'd of a rufty yellow Colour, and
herefore I defpair'd of getting Water on any of
hem ; but was in fome Hopes of finding a Channel
o run in beyond all thefe Wands, could I have fpent
rime here, and either get to the Main of New H&h
ind^ or find out fome other Ifiands that might af-
ord us Water and other Refreshments: Befides,
hat among fo many Ifiands, we might have found
omt Sort of rich Mineral, or Ambergreece, it be-
rig a good Latitude for both thefe. But we had not

failed

90 Rofemary-Ifland"; its Vegetables, &c.

'An. 1699. failed above a League farther before our Water grew
^V^ fhoaler again, and then we anchored in 6 Fathom
hard Sand.

We were now on the inner Side of the Ifland, on
whofe out- fide is the Bluff-point. We rode a
League from the Ifland, and I prefently went alliore,
and carried Shovels to dig for Water, but found
none. There grow here 2 or 3 Sorts of Shrubs, one
jufl like Rofemary ; and therefore I call'd this Rofe-
mary Iiland. It grew in great Plenty here, but had
no Smell. Some of the other Shrubs had blue and
yellow Flowers ; and we found 2 Sorts of Grain like
Beans : The one grew on Bullies », the other on a
Sort of a creeping Vine that runs along on the
Ground, having very thick broad Leaves, and the
Bloffom like a Bean Blbftbm, but much larger, and
of a deep red Colour, looking very beautiful. We
law here fome Cormorants, Gulls, Crabcatchers,
&c. a few fmall Land-Birds, and a Sort of white
Parrots, which flew a great many together. We
found fome Shell-fifh, viz. Limpits, Perriwinkles,
and Abundance of fmall Oyfters growing on the
Rocks, which were very fweet. In the Sea we faw
fome green Turtle, a pretty many Sharks, and A-
bundance of Water-Snakes of feveral Sorts and
Sizes. The Stones were all of rufty Colour, and
ponderous.

We faw a Smoak on an Ifland 3 or 4 Leagues
off"; and here alfo the Bulhes had been burned, but
we found no other Sign of Inhabitants : 'Twas pro-
bable that on the Ifiand where the Smoak was there
were Inhabitants, and frefh Water for them. In the
Evening I went aboard, and confulted with my Of-
ficers whether it was beft to fend thither, or to
fearch among any other of thefe Iflands with my
Boat ; or elfe go from hence, and coaft along Shore
with the Ship, till we could find fome better Place,
than this was to ride in, where we had fhoal Water,

and

Depart .from Rofem. I. Strong Sea-Breezes. Fifli.' 97
and Jay expos'd to Winds and Tides. They all a- An. ib99
greed Co go from hence ; fo I gave Orders to weigh -^V\-
in the Morning as foon as it mould be light, and to
get out with the Land-breeze.
% Accordingly, Auguft the 23d, at 5 in the Morn-
ing^we ran out, having a pretty frefrj Land-breeze
at S. S. E, By 8 a Clock we were got out, and ve-
ry feafonably ; for before 9 the Sea-breeze came on
us very ftrong, and increafing, we took in our Top-
fails and flood off under 2 Courfes and a Mizen,
'this being as much Sail as we cojuld carry. The
Sky was clear, there being not one Cloud to be "
leen j but the Horizon appeared very hazy, and
the Sun at fetting the Night before, and this Morn-
ing at nfing, appeared very red. The Wind con-
tinued very ftrong till 12, then it began to abate :
1 have feldom met with a ftronger Breeze. Thefe
ftrong Sea-breezes lafted thus in their Turns 3 or 4
Days. They fprung up with the Sun-rife ; by 9 a
Clock they were very ftrong, and fo continued till
Noon, when they began to abate 5 . and by Sun-fee
there was little Wind, or a Calm till the Land-
breezes came ; which we fhould certainly have in
the Morning about 1 or 2 a Clock. The Land-
breezes were between the S. S. W. and S. S. E. The
Sea-breezes between the E. N. E. and N. N E In
the Night while Calm, we fim'd with Hook and
Line, and caught good Store of Fifh, viz. Snap-
pers,. Breams, Old-Wives, and Dog-fifh. When
theie laftcame we feldom caught any others i for
ir they did not drive away the other Fifh, yet they
would be fure to keep them from taking our
Hooks, for they would firft have them them-
selves, biting very greedily. We caught alfo a
Monk-fifb, of which I brought Home the Pidure.
See Fijh, Fig. I.

On the 25th of Auguft, we ftill coafred along

bhore, that we might the better fee any Opening- ;

Yol. HI. H F kept

98 Coapng along N. Hoi. Neddy Birds of N. H.

An. 1 699. kept founding, and had about 20 Fathom clean
t-^VX, Sand. The 26th Day, being about 4 Leagues off
Shore, the Water began gradually to fh olden from
20 to 14 Fathom. 1 was edging in a little towards
the Land, thinking to have anchored ; but present-
ly after the Water decreas'd almoft at once, till we
had but 5 Fathom. I durft therefore adventure no
farther, but fteer'd out the fame way that we came
in ■, and in a fnort Time had 10 Fathom (being then
about 4 Leagues and a half from the Shore J and e-
ven Soundings. I fteer'd away E. N. E. coafting a~ •
long as the Land lies. This Day the Sea-breezes be-
gan to be very moderate again, and we made the
beft of our way along Shore, only in the Night
edging off a little for Fear of Sholes. Ever fince
we° left Sharks-Bay we had fair clear Weather, and
fo for a great while ftill.

The 27th Day, we had 20 Fathom Water all
Night, yet we could not fee Land till 1 in the Af-
ternoon from our Topmaft-head. By 3 we could
juft difcern Land from our Quarter-deck •, we had
then 16 Fathom. The Wind was at N. and we
fteer'd E. by N. which is but one Point in on the
Land ; yet we decreas'd our Water very fall •, for
at 4 we had but 9 Fathom •, the next Caft but 7,
which frighted us ; and we then tackt inftantly and
Hood off: But in a fhort Time the Wind coming
at N. W. and W. N. W. we tackt again, and
fteer'd N. N. E. and then deepned our Water again,
and had all Night from 15 to 20 Fathom.

The 28 th Day we had between 20 and 40 Fa-
thom. We faw no Land this Day, but faw a great
many Snakes and fome Whales. We faw alfo fome
Boobies, and Noddy-birds ; and in the Night caught
one of thefe laft. It was of another Shape and Co-
lour than any I had feen before. It had a fmall long
Bill, as all of them have, flat Feet like Ducks Feet 5
its Tail forked like a Swallow, but longer and broad-

An Eclipje of the Mom. 99

er, and the Fork deeper than that of the Swallow, An. 1699,
with very long Wings •, the Top or Crown of the U-VNJ
Head of this Noddy was Coal-black, having alfo fmall
black Streaks round about and clofe to the Eyes ;
and round thefe Streaks on each Side, a pretty broad
white Circle. The Breaft, Belly, and under-part
of the Wings of this Noddy were white ; land the
Back and upper-part of its Wings of a faint black
or fmoak Colour. See a Piclure of this, and of the
common one, Birds, Fig. 5, 6. Noddies are feen in
moft Places between the Tropkks, as well in the
Eajl-Indies, and on the Coaft of Brazil, as in the
Weft-Indies. They reft afhore a Nights, and there-
fore we never fee them far at Sea, not above 20 or
30 Leagues, unlefs driven off in a Storm. Wrhen
they come about a Ship they commonly perch in the
Night, and will fitflill till they are taken by the Sea-
men. They build on Cliffs againft the Sea, or
Rocks, as I have faid Vol. I. ^>. 53.

The 30th day, being in Lat. 18 deg. 21 min.
we made the Land again, and faw manv great
Smokes near the Shore ; and having fair Weather
and moderate Breezes, I fteer'd in towards it. At
4 in the Afternoon I anchor'd in 8 Fathom Water,
clear Sand, about 3 Leagues and a half from the
Shore. I prefently fent my Boat to found nearer
in, and they found 10 Fathom about a Mile farther
in ; and from thence ftill farther in the Water de-
creafed gradually to 9, 8, 7, and at 2 Mile diftance
to 6 Fathom. This Evening we faw an Eclipfe of
the Moon, but it was abating before the Moon ap-
pear'd to us ; for the Horizon was very hazy, fo
that we could not fee the Moon till jjie had been
half an Hour above the Horizon : And at 2 hours,
22 min. after Sun-fet, by the Reckoning of our Glaf-
fes, the Eclipfe was quite gone, which was not of
many Digits. The Moon's Center was then 33 deg.

*.Q mm. high,

The

100

An. 1699,

■?:

Landing again /»N. Holland. iST^f. 0/ N. Hoi.

The 31ft of ■/%/# betimes in the Morning 1
went afhore with 10 or ii Men to fearch for Wa-
ter. We went armed with Muskets and CutlafTes
for our defence, expecling to fee people there ; and
carried alfo Shovels and Pickaxes to dig Wells.
When we came near the Shore we faw 3 tall black na-
ked Men on the fandy Bay a-head of us : But as we
row'd in, they went away. When we were landed,
I fent the Boat with two Men in her to lie a little
from the Shore at an Anchor, to prevent being
feiz'd i while the reft of us went after the 3 black
Men, who were now got on the top of afmall Hill
about a quarter of a Mile from us, with 8 or 9
Men more in their Company. They feeing us com-
ing, ran away. When we came on the top of the
riTll where they firft Hood, we faw a plain Savan-
nah, about half a Mile from us, farther in from
the Sea. There were feveral Things like Hay-cocks,
{landing in the Savannah -, which at a diftance we
thought were Houfes, looking juft like the Hotten-
tot's Houfes at the Cape of G. Hope: but we found
them to befo many Rocks. We fearched about
thefe for Water, but could find none, nor any
Houfes -, nor People, for they were all gone. Then
we -turned again to the Place where we landed,
and there we dug for Water.

While we were at work there came 9 or 10 of the
Natives to a fmall Hill a little way from us, and
flood there menacing and threatning of us, and
making a great Noife. At laft one of them came
towards us, and the reft followed at a. diftance. I
went out to meet him, and came within 50 Yards of
him, making to -him all the Signs of Peaceand
Friendship I could •, but then he- ran away, neither
would they any of them flay for us to come nigh
them *, for we tried two or three Times. At laft I
took two Men with me, and went in the Afternoon
alono- by the Sea- fide, purpofely to catch one of
0 them,

roi

Natives of N.Holland.

them, if I could, of whom I might learn where they *n, x699.
got their frefh Water. There were 10 or 12 of '
the Natives a little way off, who feeing us three 0-0-
ing away from the reft of our Men, followed ufat
a diftance. I thought they would follow us : But
there being for a while a Sand-bank between us
and them, that they could not then fee us, we made
a halt, and hid our felves in a bending of the Sand-
bank. They knew we muft be thereabouts, and
being 3 or 4 times our Number, thought to feize us.
So they difpers'd themfelves, fome going to the Sea-
more, and others beating about the Sand-hills.
We knew by what Rencounter we had had with them
in the Morning that we could eafily out-run them ;
So a nimble young Man that was with me, feeing
fome of them near, ran towards them ♦, and they
for fome time, ran away before him. But he foon
over-taking them, they faced about and fought him.
He had a Cutlafs, and they had wooden Lances ;
with which, being many of them, they were too
hard for him. When he firft ran towards them I
chas'd two more that were by the Shore : But fear-
ing how it might be with my young Man, 1 turn'd
back quickly, and went up to the top of a Sand-
(foill, whence I faw him near me, clofely engag'd
with them. Upon their feeing me, one of them
threw a • Lance at me, that narrowly mifs'd me.
Idifcharg'd my Gun to fcare them, but avoided
fhooting any of them ; till finding the young Man
in great danger from them, and my felt in fome ;
and that tho' the Gun had a little frighted them at
firft, yet they had foon learnt to defpife it, tolling
up their Hands, and crying Pooh, Pooh, Pooh j "and
coming on afreftt with a great Noife, I thought
it high time to charge again, and fhoot one of thems
which I did. The reft, feeing him fall, made a
ftand again ; and my young Man took the Oppor-
tunity to difengage himfelf, and come off to me §
O 3 my

ioi Natives of N. Holland.

^f». 1699". my other Man alfo was with me, who had done
\^yv nothing all this while, having come out unarm d •,
and I return'd back with my Men, defignmg to at-
tempt the Natives no farther, being very lorry tor
what had happened already. They took up their
wounded Companion ; and my young Man, who
had been ftruck through the Cheek by one of their
Lances, was afraid it had been porfon'd: But 1 did
not think that likely. His Wound was very pain-
ful to him, being made with a blunt Weapon : But
he foon recover'd of -it.

Among the K Hollanders, whom we were thus
eneaP'd with, there was one who by his Appear-
ance Ind Carriage, as well in the Morning as this
Afternoon, feem'd to be the Chief of them, and a
kind of Prince or Captain among them. He was
a young brisk Man, not very tall, nor fo perfon-
able as Tome of the reft, tho» more aftive and cou-
rao-ious : He was painted (which none of the relt
were at all; with a Circle of white Pafte or Pig-
ment" fa fort of Lime, as we thought) about his
Eyes, and a white ftreak down his Nofe from his
Forehead to the tip of it. And his Breaft and fome
part of his Arms were alfo made white with the
fame Paint ; not for Beauty or Ornament, one
would think, but as fome wild /* Warriors are
faid to do, he feem'd thereby to defign the looking
more Terrible \ this his Painting adding very much
to his natural Deformity ; for they all of them
have the moil unpleafant Looks and the worft fea-
tures of any People that ever I faw, thai have
feen great variety of Savages. Thefe -New-Hol-
landers were probably the fame fort of People as
thofe I met with on this Coaft in my Voyage round the
-Worlds [See Vol. 1. p. 4^4, &c] for the Place I
then touched at was not above 40 or 50 Leagues
to the N. E. of this: And thefe were much the
fame blinking Creatures (here being alfo abundance

Natives o/N. Hoi. Tides in N. Hoi. 103

of the fame kind of Flefh-fiies teizing them) and with-**. 1699:
the fame black Skins, and Hair frizled, tall and ^VNJ
thin, &V. as thofe were : But we had not the Op-
portunity to fee whether thefe, as the former,
wanted two of their Fore-Teeth.

"We faw a great many places where they had made
Fires *, and where there were commonly 3 or 4
Boughs ftuck up to Windward of them ; for the
Wind (which is the Sea-breeze) in the day-time blows
always one way with them ; and the Land-breeze is
but fmall. By their Fire-places we mould always
find great heaps of Fifh-ihells, of feveral forts •,
and 'tis probable that thefe poor Creatures here lived
chiefly on the Shell-fifli, as thofe I before defcrib'd
did on fmall Fifth, which they caught in Wires or
Holes in the Sand at Low-water. Thefe gather'd
their Shell-fi£h on the Rocks at Low-water •, but
had no Wires (that we faw) whereby to get any o-
ther forts of Fifh : As among the former I faw not
any heaps of Shells as here, though I know they alfo
gather'd fome Shell-fifli. The Lances alfo of thofe
were fuch as thefe had ; however they being upon
an Bland, with their Women and Children, and all
in our Power, they did not there ufe them againft
us, as here on the Continent, where we faw none
but fome of the Men under Head, who come out
purpofely to obferve us. We faw no Houfes at ei-
ther Place ; and I believe they have none, fince the
former People on the Ifland had none, tho* they
had all their Families with them.

Upon returning to my Men I faw that tho' they
had dug 8 or 9 Foot deep, yet found no Water.
So I returned aboard that Evening, and the next
day, being September ift, Ifent my Boatfwain afhore
to dig deeper, and fent the Sain with him to catch
Fifh. While I ftaid aboard I obferved the flowing
of the Tide, which runs very fwift here, fo that
our Nun-buoy would not bear above the Water to
Q 4 b@

104 New Taffage to the South- Seal

rAn. 1699.be feen. It flows here fas on that part of N. Hot-
^W land I defcribed formerly) about 5 Fathom : And
here the Flood runs S. E. by S. till the laft Quar-
ter •, then it fets right in towards the Shore ( which
lies here S. S. W. and N. N. E.) and the Ebb runs
N. W. by N. When the Tides Qackned we fifh'd
with Hook and Line, as we had already done in fe-
veral Places on this Coaft •, on which in this Voy-
age hitherto, we had found but little Tides : But
by the Heighth, and Strength, and Courfe of them
hereabouts," it fhould feem that if there be fuch a
PaiTage or Streight going through Eaftward to the
Great Soutb-Sea, as I faid one might fufpect, one
would expect to find the Mouth of it fomewhere
between this Place and Rofemary Kland, which was
the part of New Holland I came laft from.

Next Morning my Men came aboard and brought
a Rundlet of brackifh Water which they got out of
another Well that they dug in a Place a mile off,
and about half as far from the Shore •, but this Wa-
ter was not fit to drink. However we all conclu-
ded that it would ferve to boil our Oatmeal, for
Burgoo, whereby we might fave the Remains of
our other Water for drinking, till we mould get
more •, and accordingly the next Day we brought a-
board 4 Hogfheads of it: But while we were at
work about the Well we were fadly pefler'd with
the Flies, which were more troublefomc to us than
the Sun, tho' it fhone clear and ftrong upon us all
the while, very hot. All this while we faw no more
of the Natives, but faw fome of the Smoaks of
fome of their Fires at 2 or 3 miles diftance.

The Land hereabouts was much like the part of
Ne-iv Holland that I formerly defcribed [Vol. I. p.
46.5.] 'tis low, but feemingly barricado'd with a
long" Chain of Sand-hills to the Sea, that let's no-
thing be feen of what is farther within Land. At
MsM "Water the Tides rifine fo high as they do, the

Cpaft

^Plants in N. Hoi. Nature of the Land in N. H. 105

Coaft lhews very low ; but when 'tis low Water it^»- l699«
feems to be of an indifferent heighth. At low Wa- C^"Y^
ter-mark the Shore is all Rocky, fo that then there -
is no Landing with a Boat ; but at high Water a
Boat may come in over thofe Rocks to the Sandy
Bay, which runs all along on this Coaft. The
Land by the Sea for about 5 or 600 yards is a dry
Sandy Soil, bearing only Shrubs and Bufhes of di-
vers forts. Some of thefe had them at this time of
the Year, yellow Flowers or Bloffoms, fome blue,
and fome white \ moll of them of ?. very fragrant
Smell. Some had Fruit like Peafcods \ in each of
which there were juft ten fmall Peas : I opened ma-
ny of them, and found no more nor lefs. There
are alfo here fome of that fort of Bean which I faw
at Rofemary-lftand : And another fort of fmall, red,
hard Pulfe, growing in Cods alfo, with little black
Eyes like Beans. I know not their Names, but
have feen them ufed often in the Eaft-Indies for
weighing Gold ; and they make the lame ufe of
them at Guinea, as I have heard, where the Wo-
men alfo make Bracelets with them to wear about
their Arms. Thefe grow on Bufhes •, but here are
alfo a Fruit like Beans growing on a creeping fort
of Shrub-like Vine. There was great plenty of all
thefe forts of Cod-fruit growing on the Sand-hills
by the Sea- fide, fome of them green, fome ripe,
and fome fallen on the Ground : But I could not
perceive that any of them had been gathered by the
Natives ; and might not probably be wholefome
Food.

The Land farther in, that is lower than what bor-
ders on the Sea, was fo much as we faw of it, very
plain and even; partly Savannahs, and partly
Woodland. The Savannahs bear a fort of thin
coarfe Grafs. The Mould is alfo a coarfer Sand
than that by the Sea- fide, and in fome places 'tis
Clay. Here are a great many Rocks in the large

Savannah

■M

106

Their Beafts, Fowl and Fijb.

'An. 1699.gaYa.nnah we were in, which are 5 or 6 Foot high*
^V^- and round at top like a Hay-cock, very remark-
able •, fome red, and fome white. The Woodland
lies farther in {till ; where there were divers forts of
fmall Trees, fcarce any three Foot in circumference 5
their Bodies 12 or 14 Foot high, with a Head of
fmall Knibs or Boughs. By the fides of the Creeks,
efpecially nigh the Sea, there grow a few fmall black
Mangrove-Trees.

There are but few Land-Animals. I faw fome
Lizards \ and my Men faw two or three Beafts like
hungry Wolves, lean like fo many Skeletons, being
nothing but Skin and Bones : ?Tis probable that it
was the Foot of one of thofe Beafts that I mention'd
as feen by us in N. Holland, [Vol. I. p, 463 ,] We
faw a Rackoon or two, and one fmall fpeckled
Snake.

The Land-fowls that we faw here were Crows
(juft fuch as ours in England) fmall Hawks, and
Kites •, a few of each fort : But here are plenty of
fmall Turtle-Doves, that are plump, fat and very-
good Meat. Here are 2 or 3 forts of fmaller Birds,
fome as big as Larks, fome lefs •, but not many of
either fort, The Sea-Fowl are Pelicans, Boobies,
Noddies, Curlews, Sea-pies, &c, and but few of
thefe neither.

The Sea is plentifully ftock'd with the largeft
Whales that I ever faw ; but not to compare with
the vaft ones of the Northern Seas. We faw alfo a
great many Green Turtle, but caught none ; here be-
ing no place to fet a Turtle-Net in •, here being no
Channel for them, and the Tides running fo ftrong.
We faw fome Sharks, and Parracoots ; and with
Hooks and Lines we caught fome Rock-fifh and
Old- Wives. Of Shell-fim, here were Oyfters both
of the common kind for Eating, and of the Pearl
kind : And alfo Wilks, Conchs, Mufcles, Lim-
pits, Perriwinkies, &V. and I gather' d a few ft range

' Shells 1

te- i. 2)a?nfi?.7/cry ^.Jttp ,?o 6 ,

*4 Utifh taken on -tlu. Coaji of 5Ne,w J^ollantL

„d Ctcitle -taken near &C. Holland, ,

Tflyvna 1ri(h -token
■f op*n Sea

^he Mirth 'Itjh , 3*004 p 7

*4 & emora taken sticking to Sharks hacks

-~1

I!
I;

Fifh in New-Holland. 107

Shells; chiefly a fort not large, and thick-fet all a- ~£n. 16991
bout with Rays or Spikes growing in Rows. l/'YNJ

And thus having ranged about, a confiderable
time, upon this Coaft, without finding any good
frefh. Water, or any convenient Place to clean
the Ship, as I had hop'd for : And it being more-
over the heighth of the dry Seafon, and my Men
growing Scorbutick for want of Refreshments, fo
that I had little incouragement to fearch further ;
I refolved to leave this Coaft, and accordingly in the
beginning of September fet fail towards Timor,

A N

ACCOUNT

Of Several

I P LANT S

Collected in

Brafil, New Holland, Timor, and New Guinea,
referring to the Figures Engraven on the
Copper Plates.

TAB i. Fig. i. Cotton-flower from Bay a in
Brazil. The Flower confifts of a great
many Filaments, almoft as fmall as Hairs,
betwixt three and four Inches long, of a Murrey-
colour ; on the To^ qf them ftand fmall afh-co-
lour'd Apices. The Pedicule of the Flower is in-
clos'd at the Bottom with 5 narrow ftirf Leaves,
about 6 Inches long. There is one of this Genus in
Mr. Ray's Supplement, which agrees exactly with
this in every Refpecl, only that is twice larger at
the leaft. It was fent from Surinam by the Name
of M.omoo.

Tab. 1. Fig. 1. Jafminum Brafilianum luteum, mall
Iwiomce folio nervofo^ pet alls crajjn.

Tab. r. Fig, 3. Crifta Pavonis Brafiliana Bar dance
fo'lm. The Leaves are very tender and like the top
Leaves of Bardana major^ both as to Shape and

Texture s

Vamp. ~Pci/. Tfch g ,p ; io§ .

'Irztb. 3

-£-£&

An Account of Tlantsl 109

Texture : In the Figure they are reprefented too An. 1609;
fti-ff and too much ferrated. U^^VNrf

Tab. 1. Fig. 4. Filix Brafiliana Ofmundce mlnori
ferrato folio. This Fern is of that Kind, which
bears its Seed- Veffels in Lines on the Edge of the
Leaves.

Tab. 2. Fig. 1. Rapuntium Novce Hollandice^ flore
magno coccineo. The Perianthium compos' d of five
long-pointed Parts, the Form of the Seed-VefTel
and the Smallnefs of the Seeds, together with the
irregular Shape of the Flower and Thinnefs of the
Leaves, argue this Plant to be a Rapuntium.

Tab. 2. Fig. 2. Fucus foliis capillaceis brevijjimis9
vefictdis minimis donatis. This elegant Fucus is of
the Erica Marina or Sargazo kind, but has much fi-
ner Parts than that. It was collected on this Coaft
of New Holland.

Tab. 2. Fig. 2. Ricinoides Novce Hollandice angu-
hfo c-raffb folio. This Plant is fhrubby, has thick
woolly Leaves, efpecially on the under fide. Its
Fruit is tricoccous, hoary on the out-fide with a
Calix divided into 5 Parts. It comes near Rici-
ni frutlu parvo frucofa Curajfavica, folio Pbylli9
P. B. pr.

Tab. 2, Fig. 2. Solanum fpimfum Nevce Hollandics
Pbylli foliis fubrotundis. This new Solanum bears a
Dlueifh Flower like the others of the fame Tribe ;
:he Leaves are of a whitilh. Colour, thick and
woolly on both Sides, fcarce an Inch long and near
is broad. The Thorns are very fharp and thick
:et, of a deep Orange colour, efpecially towards the
Points.

Tab. 3. Fig. 1. Scabiofa (forte) Nowz Hollandice y
fatices foliis fubtus argenteis. The Flower ftands on
i Foot-ftalk 4 Inches long, included in a rough
^alix of a yellowifli Colour. The Leaves are not
ibove an Inch long, very narrow like Thrift, green
3n the upper and hoary on the under fide, growing

no An Account of T Until

An. 1699. m Tufts. Whether this Plant be a Scabious, 'Thrift
wrY"w or Helichryfum is hard to judge from the imperfect
Flower of the dry'd Specimen.

Tab. 3. Fig. 2. Alee a Nova Hollandics foliis au*
guftis utrinque villofis. The Leaves, Stalk, and un-
der fide of the Perianthium of this Plant are all
woolly. The Petala are very tender, 5 in Number,
fcarce fo large as the Calix : In the Middle (lands
a Columella thick fet with thrummy apiculw, which
argue this Plant to belong to the Malvaceous
Kind.

Tab. 3. Fig. 3. Of what Genus this Shrub or
Tree is, is uncertain, agreeing with none yet de-
fcribed, as far as can be judg'd by the State it is in.
It has a very beautiful Flower, of a red Colour, as
far as can be guefs'd by the dry Specimen, confirming
of 10 large Petala, hoary on both Sides, efpecially
underneath ; the Middle of the Flower is thick fet
with Stamina, which are woolly at the Bottom, the
Length of the Petala, each of them crown'd with
its Apex. The Calix is divided into 5 round point-
ed Parts. The Leaves are like thofe of Amelanchier
Lob. green at Top and very woolly underneath, not
running to a Point, as is common in others, but
with an Indenture at the upper-end.

Tab. 3. Fig. 4. Dammar a ax Nova-Hollandia9
Sanamundce fecundes Chyfii foliis. This new Genus
was firil fent from Amboyna by Mr. Rumphius, by
the Name of Dammara, of which he tranfmitted 2
Kinds •, one with narrow, and long ftiff Leaves, the
other with fhorter and broader. The firft of them
is mention'd in Mr. Petiver's Centuria, p. 350. by
the Name of Arbor Hortenfis Javanorum foliis vifce
augufiioribus aromaticis floribus, fpicatis flamineis lutef*
centibus ; Muf. Pet. As alfo in Mr. Ray's Supple-
ment to his Plifrory of Plants now in the Prefs.
This is of the fame Genus with them, agreeing
both in Flower and Fruit, tho* very much differ-

mp . J'h/ , 7o^. £ ,p , zt ,

£ut?

Wants ivund.tn CA/Qav 3£trlla,nci .

•.vnvp..f/cn/ . tfr£. 3 . p . ut

'Jk£>. 4

Plantj ibund in 3\fcu? 3£v-lla,ncl 86 J^ma-r

An Account of Tlantsl in

; in Leaves. The Flowers are ftamineous and Jn.i6gy;
m to be of an herbaceous Colour, growing a- UOfM
>n°- the Leaves, which are Ihort and almoft
jnd, very ftiff and ribb'd on the under fide, of
[ark Green above, and a pale Colour underneath,
ck fet on by Pairs, anfwering one another crofs-
ys, fo that they cover the Stalk. The Fruit is
big as a Pepper-corn, almoft round, of a whirifh
>lour, , dry and tough, with a Hole on the Top,
ntaining fmall Seeds. Any one that fees this
ant without its Seed-Veffels, would take it for an
ica or Sanamunda. The Leaves of this Plant are

a very aromatick Tafte.

Tab. 4. Fig. 1. Equifetum Novae Hollandics fru^
rceus foliis longiffimis. 'Tis doubtful whether this
: an Equifetum or not ; the Textures of the Leaves
;rees beft with that Genus of any, being articulated
le within another at each Joint, which is only pro-
;r to this Tribe. The longeft of them are about
Inches.

Tab. 4. Fig. 2. Colutea Novce Hollandics floribus
nplis coccineis, umbellatim difpofitis macula -purpurea
Uatis. There being no Leaves to this Plant, 'tis
ird to fay what Genus it properly belongs to. The
lowers are very like to the Colutea Barbae Jovis fo-
oflore coccineo Breynii ; of the fame Scarlet Colour,
ith a large deep Purple Spot in the Fexillum, but
luch bigger, coming all from the fame Point af-
tx the Manner of an Umbel. The Rudiment of
he Pod is very woolly, and terminates in a Fila-
nent near 2 Inches long.

Tab. 4. Fig. 3. Conyza Novce Uollandics anguftis
Zorifmarini foliis. This Plant is very much branch'd
,nd feems to be woody. The Flowers ftand on very
hort Pedicules, arifmg from the Sinus of the Leaves,
vhich are exactly like Rofemary, only lefs. It taftes
^ery bitter now dry.

Tab.

112

An.

An Account of Tlants]
t699. Tab. 4. Fig. 4. Mohoh htfulce Timor. This is
X~*~ very odd Plant, agreeing with no defcrib'd Gem
The Leaf is almoft round, green on the upper fk
and whitifti underneath, with feveral Fibres runnin
from the Infertion of the Pedicule towards the Cij
cumference 'tis umbilicated as Cotyledon aquatic
and Faba sEgyptia. The Flowers are white, ftanc
mg on fingle Foot-ftalks, of the Shape of a Sin
momum, but divided into 4 Points only, as is 4
Perianthium.

m Tab. 5. Fig. 1. Fucus ex Nova Guinea uv a mar in
diftus, foliis variis> This beautiful Fucus is thic:
fet with very fmall fliort Tufts of Leaves, which b
the Help of a magnifying Glafs, feem to be roun
and articulated, as if they were Seed-Veffels ; be
fides thefe, there are other broad Leaves, chiefly a
the Extremity of the Branches, ferrated on th
Edges. The Veficulee are round, of the Bignefs ex
prefs'd in the Figure.

Tab. 5. Fig. 2. Fucus ex Nova Guinea Fluviatili
PifancB J. B. foliis. Thefe Plants are fo apt to va
ry in their Leaves, according to their differen
States, that 'tis hard to fay this is diftincl from th<
laft. It has in feveral Places (not all exprefs'd ii
the Figure) fome of the fmall fhort Leaves, 01
Seed-Vcffels mention'd in the former ; which make;
me apt to believe it the fame, gather'd in a differem
■State .5 befides the broad Leaves -cf that and this a-
gree as to their Shape and Indentures,

-jr

lull'

^U-i-c

*4 &fh called hy -the seamn fa M ^

^f» Account of fome Fishes that are figured
in Plate 2, ^»^ 3.

T H.I S is a Filh of the Tunny-kind, and agrees
well enough with the Figure in Tab. 3. of
the Appendix to Mr. tVillugbbfs Hiftory of Fifties
under the Name of Gurabuca -, it differs fomething,
in the Fins efpeciallys from Pife's Figure of the
Guarapucu.

See Plate 3. Figure 4.

This refembles the Figure of the Guaperva maxi-
ma candata in Willughbfs Ichtbyol. Tab. 9. 23. and
the Guaparva of Pifc but does not anfwer their Fi-
gures in every particular.

See Plate 2. Figure 2.

There are 2 Sorts of Porpujfes : The one the long-
fnouted Porpufs, as the Seamen call it ; and this is
the Dolphin of the Greeks. The other is the Bottle-
nofe Porpufs, which is generally thought to be the

Pbcecena of Arifiotle,

See Plate 2. Figure 7. '

This is the Guaracapema of Pifo and Marcgravey
*ky others called the Dorado. 9Tis figured in Wil-
lugbbfs Ichtbyol Tab. O. 2. under the Name of
Delpbin Belgis. '

I THE

114

THE

INDEX.

ALlegrance, one of the
Canary Iflands, Pag. 3.
its view from feveral
Points, ibid.

Amphisbsena (Snake) defcribed,

53
Amplitude; Difference between
the Morning and Evening
Amplitude, 65

Arifah ( Fruit) defcribed, 47
An Account of federal Plants
collected in Brafil, New Hol-
land, Timor, and New Gui-
nea, referring to the Figures
Tab. 1,1,3,4,5. 102

An Account of Jome Fifhes that's
figured on Plate 2. and$, 107
B
Baha de todos los Santos in Bra-
fil, its Harbour and Town de-
fcrib'd, 33>&C-

The Product and Trade qf the
Country, 36

Their Shipping and Timber ,
■:..;■;■ ■ . i ' 40.

The Soil and Fruit of the Coun-
try, 4Z,.&c.
The Winds and Seafons, 59
The time of cutting Sugar-
canes, 60
Its view from feveral Points,

" 33
Bill- Bird defcribed, 5 1

Birds of N. Holland, . 85, 86
Blake, funk the Spanifh Galleons
near Ten eriffe, 4

Brafil, the View of its Coaft, 32

See Bahia.
Britain (New) an Ifland dif co-
vered by the Author , well in-

habited, and probably afford-
ingrich Commodities, Preface
Bubbles like fmall Pearl fwim-
mtng thick in the Sea, 79
C.
Cables made of a jort of Hair
growing on Trees in Brafil, 39,
44
Callavanc.es, aFruitinMzyo, 17
Canary- Iflands, their Product
and Trade, 8

The Character of their prefent
Governor, 8, 9

Cape of Good Hope, its View
from feveral Points, 35

Cafhew [Fruit') defcribed, 47
Channel (Englijh) a neeeffary
Caution to thofe that fail
through it, 2

Chattenng-Crow of Brafil de-
fcribed, 5<5
Clocking Hens of Brafil, 5 1
Coco-Nut-Tree in Brafil, 44
Cotton {Silk) its growth and de-
fcription, 15,16,64
Crufia, a Fowl, 18
Curlew, a Fowl, 17
Currecoo (Bird) defcribed, 52
Currents in the Sea, from 7 deg.
50 min. Lat. to 3 deg- 22
roin. N. 28
Currefo (Bird) 51
Cufford Apple, defcribed, 24
Cuttle- Fifh, Plate i. Fig. 3.

D. &

Dendees, a fort of Palm-ber-
ries in Brafil, 49
Dogs, fee Water-Dogs.
Dunghill Fowls of Brafil, 51

F.
Fifh of N. Holland, ?6

Fifh

The I N D E X.

Fifli of the Tunny- kind, an ac-
count of, 113
Fifh called by the Seamen the
Old Wife, an account of, 113
Flamingo, a Fowl, 18
Flying- Fifli, betwixt the Cana-
ries and C. Vevd-Iflands, 10
Frape Boat, its ufe at the Salt-
Pond at Mayo, 13, &c.
G.
Gallena Pintada, a Bird, de-
fcrib'd, 17, 18.
Galleons (Spanijh) funk h -Ad-
miral Blake, near TenerifF,
and continue {Ml there, 4
Gerret-Dennis-i/7<?, its Inhabi-
tants defcribed, Preface
Guano (Beafi)of N.Holland, 85
Guinea- H<?»*,/e*GallenaPintada.
Guinea (New) its Natives, &c.
Pref.
H.
Hammocks; Gentlemen carried
about in them at Bahia in Bra-
iil, 40,41
Holland (New) Coaffi defcribed,
84, 8cc.oi,&c.95
It s Natives defcribed, 1 o 1 , &c.
Views of fever al Parts of its
Coafis and Iflands from fe-
ver al Points, 8 1
I,
Jago (St.) Ijland and Town,
21, &c.
Its Inhabitants, 23
Its Producl, 23, &c.
Its Animals, 25, Sec.
Its Road a very bad one, 26
Its View, - 10
Jenetae {Bird) defcribed, 5 1
Jenipah, or Jenipapah (Fruit)
defcribed, 47
lngwz(Fruit) defcribed, 48

Lagunam TenerifF, defcribed, 5

Lancerota, one of the Canary-

Ijlands, 2

its View from feveral Points,

ibid,

Mackeraw (Bird) defcribed, 50

Malmfey Wine grows in the I-

Jland TenerifF, 7, 8

Mayo, one of C. Verd I/lands*

its View, 10

Its Defer iption, * 11.

A large Account of the ma~

}(ing Salt there, 12, Stcv

Its Soil and Product, 15, &c

Its Inhabitants, 19

Its View from feveral Points,

Mendibee (Fruit) 49

Mericafah (Fruit) defcribed, 48

Miniota, a Fowl, 18

Monk-Fi(h, 97

Muckifhuv? (Fruit) defcribed, 48

Mungaroo (Fruit) defcribed, 48

Mufteran-dcova {Fruit) defcrib-

N.
Noddy- Bird defcribed, 98,99
North- Weft-Winds give Notice
before hand of their coming,
at Port Oratavia in Tene-
rifF, and how provided a~
gainfi, 7

O.
Oratavia, a Port in TenerifF, 3, 7
Otee (Fruit) defcribed, 49

. P.

Palm Berries in Brafil, 49

Papah, a Fruit defcribed, 24
PafTage poffibly to the South of
New Holland andNew Gui-
nea into the great South Sea
Eaftward, 94

Pernambuc more Healthy than
other Places to the Southzvard,
28
Petango (Fruit) defcribed, 48
Petrel (Bird) defcribed, 66, 67
Petuffibo (Fruit) defcribed 48
Phyfick-Nurs, 49

Pineon 'Fruit) ibid

Pintado Bird defcribed, 6$, 66
Plants; an account of them, 108
1 2.. Plants

116

The INDE X;

o/^3<5-3

Plants Engraven on Copper, Tab.
1,2,3,4,5

Plants of New Holland, 105

PorpufTes, Pag. 113. and Figu-
red in Plate i of Fifties,

Portugneie Civil to the Author,

R. 34

Rabek, a Fowl, 18

Raccoon of New Holland, 85
Remora (Fijh) Plate 11. Fig. 6.
Rol'emary Jfland in N. Holland,
96
The Plant refemblmg Rofe-
mary, from which the Au-
thor gives this Name to
the Jfland, is Figured, Tab.

£a!t, a large Account of the Me-
thod of making it at Mayo,
12, &c.

Salt- Ponds at Mayo, kem only

in the dry Seafon, and others

in the Weft-Indies in the wet

only, 1 y

Santa- Cruz in Teneriff, its
Road, Town and Harbour de-
fcribed, 2,3

Seamen in great Banger of Sick-
nefs, by neglecting to (hift
their wet Cloaths in hot Coun-
tries, 29, 30

Their Ignorance and Objlinacy, a
great Impediment in long Voy-
ages, 41, 59, 6o, &c.

Sea Weeds, fee Weeds.

Shark of N. Holland defcribed,
87

Sharks-Bay in N.Holland de-
ferred 84, 87, 88

Shear- Water (Bird) defcribed,
64

Ship (the Author s) foundred at
Sea, Pref.

Ship of 50. Guns built «VBta-
fil, 40

Skip-jack (Fifh) defcrihed, 80
Snake, fee Water-Snake, and

Amphisbaena.
Sour-fop (Fruit) defer ibed, 46
Sugar, the way of refining it in
Brafil with Clay, 38

T.
Tafman'.* Draught rectified, ' 94
TenerirTe, z

Its Wines, Fruits and Ani-
mals, 7, 8
Its N. W. view, 3
Timber at Brafil as good and
more durable than any in Eu-
rope, 40
Timor, Preface
Trees of N. Holland, 84, 85
Turtle, lay their Eggs in the
wet Seafon, 19
Why not eaten by the Spani-
ards, as by the Englifti, 56
Turtle-Doves of Brafil, 5 1

U.
Variation, where it increafed
in Sailing Eafterly, 6 £

Where it decreafed in Sailing
Eafterly, 67

Its uncertainty, and the diffi-
culty of taking it, 68, 69, &C.
A large Table of Variations
obferved in this Voyage, 70,

Water Dog of Brafil, 55?

Water Snake of Brafil, its won-
derful manner of catching its
Prey, 54, 55

Of N. Holland, 90,93

Weeds floating in the Sea, 10, 6j,

Whales (dead) eaten by Fowls, 65
Whales, the catching and ufe of
them in Brafil, 39>4o

WThales of N. Holland, 91

Winds uncertain near theLine,!Q

Y.
Yemma (Bird) defcribtd, 5%

FINIS,

CONTINUATION

O F A

V O Y A G E

NEW-HOLLAND, &c.

In the Year i (5pp.

Wherein are defcribed,

The Iflands Timor, Rotee and Anabao. A PafTage
between the Iflands Timor and Anabao, Copang
and Laphao Bays. The Iflands Omba, Fetter,
Bande and Bird. A Defcription of the Coaft of
New-Guinea. The Iflands Pulo Sabuda, Cockle,
King William's, Providence, Garret Dennis, Ant.
Cave's and St. John's. Alfo a new Paffage be-
tween N. Guinea and Nova Britannia. The Iflands
Ceram, Bonao, Bouro, and feveral Iflands before
unknown. The Coaft of Java, and Streights
of Sunda. Author's Arrival at Batavia, Cape
of Good Hope, St. Helens, I. Afcenfion, &c.

! Their Inhabitants, Cuftoms, Trade, &c. Har-
bours, Soil, Birds, Fifh, &c. Trees, Plants,
Fruits, &V.

IUuftrated with Map s and Draughts: Alfo divers Birds/
Fifhes, &c. not found in this Part of the World, Ingraven
on Eighteen Copper-Plates.

By Captain William Dampier.

L O NT) ON,

Printed for J a m e s 001/ John Knapton, at the

Crown in St. Paul's Church-Yard, Mdccxxix

•

THE

CONTENTS.

CHAP. I.

THE A.'s Departure from the Coaft of New Hol-
land, with the JReafons of it. Water Snakes..
'The A.'s Arrival at the IJland Timor. Search for
frejh Water on the South-fide of the IJland, in vain.
Fault of the Charts. The IJland Rotee. A Paf-
fage between the IJlands Timor and .Anabao. Fault
of the Charts. A Dutch Fort, called Concordia.
Their Sufpicion of the A. The IJland Anabao defcri-
led. The A.'s Parly with the Governour of the
Dutch Port. They, with great Difficulty, obtain
leave to water. Copang Bay. Coafting along the
North-fide of Timor. They find Water and an
Anchoring-place. A Defcription of a fmall IJland,
feven Leagues Eaft from the Watering Bay. Laphao
Bay. How the A. was treated by the Portugueze
there. Defigns of making further Searches upon
and about the IJland. Port Sefial. Return to Ba-
bao in Copang Bay. The A.'s Entertainment at
the Fort of Concordia. His Stay feven Weeks at
Babao.

CHAR II.

A particular Defcription of the IJland Timor. Its

Coaft, The IJland Anabao, Fault of the

I 4 Draughts*

tao The C O N T E N T S.

Draughts. The Channel between Timor and A^
nabao. Copang-taj. . Fort Concordia. . A par-
ticular Defcription of the Bay. The Anchoring-
place, called Babao. The Malayans here kill all
the Europeans they can. Laphao, a Portugueze
Settlement, defcribed. Port Ciccale. The Hills y
Water, Low-lands, Soil, Woods, Metals, in the
Ifland Timor. Its Trees. Cana - fiftula-/ra? &- .
fcribed. Wild Fig-trees defcribed. Two new Sorts
of Palm-trees defcribed. The Fruits of the I-
Jland. The Herbs. Its Land Animals. Fowls.
The Ringing Bird. Its Fifh, Cockle-merchants
and Oyflers. Cockles as big as a Man's Head. Its
original Natives defcribed. The Portugueze and
Dutch Settlements. The Malayan Language gene-
rally fpoken here. \J Orantuca on the Ifland
Ende. The Seafons, Winds, and Weather at Ti-

mprr

C H A P. III.

peparture from Timor. The Iflands Omba and
Fetter. A burning Ifland. Their miffing theTur-
tle-Ifles. Bande-,i/7^. Bird-I/land. They defcry
the Coaft of New- Guinea. They anchor on the
Coaft of New-Guinea. A Defcription of the Place,
and of a ft range Fowl found there. Great Quanti-
ties of Mackerel, A white Ifland, They anchor at
an Ifland called by the Inhabitants Pulo Sabuda.
A Defcription of it, and its Inhabitants and Pro-
duff, The Indians manner of Fifhing there.. Arri-
val at Mabo, the North Weft Cape of New- Guinea.
A Defcription of it, Cockle- Ifland. Cockles of fe-
venty-eight Pound Weight. Pidgeon- Ifland. The
Wind hereabouts, An empty Cockle-fhell weighing
two hundred fifty-eight Pound. King William's
fflmdi 4 defcription of it. Plying on the Coaft of

New-

The

New-Guinea,
dence IJland.
fued by Fijh.
Guinea.

CONTENTS.

Fault of the Draughts. Provi-
They crop the Line. A Snake pur-
Squally IJland. The Main of New-

C H A P. IV.

121

'he main Land of New- Guinea. Its Inhabitants.
Slingers Bay. Small I/lands. Garret Dennis Ijle
defcribed. Its Inhabitants. Their Proes. Antho-
ny Cave's IJland. Its Inhabitants. Trees full of
Worms found in the Sea. St. John's IJland. The
main Land of New-Guinea. Its Inhabitants. The
Coaft defcribed. Cape and Bay St. George. Cape
Orford. Another Bay. The Inhabitants there. A
large Account of the Author's Attempts to trade with
them. He names the Place Port Mountague. The
Country thereabouts defcribed, and its Produce.
A Burning IJland defcribed. A new Pajfage found.
Nova Britannia. Sir George Rook's IJland.
Long IJland and Crown IJland, difcovered and
defcribed. Sir R. Rich's IJland. A Burning I-

' Jland. Afirange Spout. A Conjetlure concerning a
new Pajfage Southward. King William's IJland.
Strange Whirlpools. Diftance between Cape Mabo
and Cape St. George computed.

CHAP. V.

The A'.s Return from the Coaft of New-Guinea.
A deep Channel. Strange Tides. The IJland Ceram
defcribed. Strange Fowls. The I/lands Bonao,
Bouro, Mifacombi, Pentare, Laubana, and Po-
toro. The Pajfage between Pentare and Laubana.
The IJland Timor. Babao Bay. The IJland Rotee.
More I/lands than are commonly laid down in the
Draughts. Great Currents. Whales. Coaft of

New-

*22 The Contents:

New-Holland. The Tryal-Rocks. The Coaft ,
Java. Princes Me. S freights of Sundz. Thwar
the-way ^»i Jtffaa Pr^ w ^ ^ ~

/^#*,g<? /Mwg* % Streight. Arrival at Batavia.

CHAP. VI

The J. continues in Batavia-&wi to refit, and to «
Provifions. Englifh Ships then in the Road ££
parture from Batavia. Touch at the Cape c
Good Hope And at St. Helena. Arrival a
the IJland of Afanaon. A Leak Sprung. Whia
teingmpoffible to be flopped, the Ship is loft, bu
theMenfaved. They find Water upon the Ijland
And are brought back to England.

CHAP,

New-Holland.

123

An. 1699^

DJMTJER's Voyages.

VOL. Ui. Part ll.

CHAP. I.

e A.'s Departure from the Coa(l of New Holland, with the
Reafons of it. Water-Snakes* The A.'s Arrival at the IJland
Timor. Search for frefh Water on the South-fide of the Ifland*
In vain. Fault of the Charts. The ljland Rotee. A Paffage
between the lflands Timor and Anabao. Fault of the Charts.
A Dutch Fort, called Concordia. Their Sufpkion of the A. The
IJland Anabao defcribed. The A.'s Parly with the Govemour
of the Dutch Fort. They, with great Difficulty, obtain Leave
to water. Copang 5<ry. Coaftiw along the North- fiae of Ti-
mor. They find Water and an Anchoring place A Defcription
of a fmall Ifland, feven League* Eaft from the Watering Bay.
Laphao Bay How the A. was treated by the Portugueze there.-
Defigns of making further Searches upon and about the Ifland.
Port Seiial. Return to Babao in Copang Bay. The A.'s En-
tertainment at the Fort of Concordia. His Stay feven, Weeks
at Babao.

[Had fpent about 5 Weeks in ranging off and
on the Coaft of New-Holland, a Length of a-
bout 300 Leagues : and had put in at 3 feveral
laces, to fee what there might be thereabouts
orth difcovering ; and at the fame Time to recruit
ly Stock of frefh Water and Provifions for the
irther Difcoveries I purpofed to attempt on the
'err a Auflralis. This large and hitherto aim oft un-
nown TracT: of Land is fituated fo very advanta-
eoufly in the richeft Climates of the World, the
orrid and Temperate Zones 5 having in it efpecially
11 the Advantages of the Torrid Zone, as being
nown to reach from the Equator it felf (within a
legreej to the Tropkk of Capricorn, and beyond it ;

that

224

New-Holland;

•: ■

;

■

Jin. 1 699". that incoafting round it, which I defign'd by this
- Voyage, if poffible ; I could not but hope to meet
with fome fruitful Lands, Continent or Iflands, or
both, produ&ive of any of the rich Fruits, Drugs,
or Spices, (perhaps Minerals alfo, &c.) that are in
the other Parts of the Torrid Zone, under equal Pa-
rallels of Latitude ; at leaft a Soil and Air capable
of fuch, upon tranfplanting them hither, and Cul-
tivation. I meant alfo to make as diligent a Survey
as I could, of the feveral fmaller Iflands, Shores,
Capes, Bays, Creeks, and Harbours, fit as well
for Shelter as Defence, upon fortifying them ; and
of the Rocks and Shoals, the Soundings, Tides,
and Currents, Winds and Weather, Variation, &e.
Whatever might be beneficial for Navigation,
Trade or Settlement ; or be of ufe to any who
ihould profecute the fame Defigns hereafter ; to
whom it might be fervpable to have fo much of
their Work done to their Hands ; which they might
advance and perfed by their own repeated Experi-
ences. As there is no Work of this Kind brought to
Perfeftion at once, I intended efpecially to obferve
what Inhabitants I mould meet with, and to try to
win them over to fomewhat of Traffick and ufeful
Intercourfe, as there might be Commodities among
any of them that might be fit for Trade or Manu-
facture, or any found in which they might be em-
ployed. Though as to the New Hollanders herea-
bouts, by the Experience I had had of their Neighbours
formerly, I expeded no great Matters from them.

With fuch. Views as thefe, I fet out at firft from
England ; and would, according to the Method I
propofed formerly [Vol. L] have gone Weftward,
through the Magellanick Streight, or round Terra
del Fuego rather, that I might have begun my Difco-
venes upon the Eaftern and leaft known Side of the
Terra Aujlralis. But that way 'twas not poffible for
me to go, by Reafon of the Time of Year in which

I came

New-Holland. 125

came out ; for I muft have been compaffing the An. 1699;
outh of America in a very high Latitude, in the ^Y^
)epth of the Winter there. I was therefore necefii*
ited to go Eaftward by the Cape of Good Hope %
id when I fhould be paft it, 'twas requifite I fhould
eep in a pretty high Latitude, to avoid the general
>ade- winds that would be againft me, and to have
le Benefit of the variable Winds : By all which I
as in a Manner unavoidably determin'd to fall in
rft with thofe Parts of New Holland I have hitherto
een defcribing. For mould it be ask'd why at my
rft making that Shore, I did not coaft it to the
outhward, and that way try to get round to the
laft of New Holland and New Guinea ; I confefs I
'as not for fpending my Time more than was ne-
efiary in the higher Latitudes •, as knowing that the
.and there could not be fo well worth the difcover-
»g, as the Parts that lay nearer the Line, and more
ire&ly under the Sun. Befides, at the Time when I
lould come firft on New Holland, which was early in
le Spring, I muft, had I ftood Southward, have had
>r fome Time a great deal of Winter- weather, increa-
ng in Severity, though not in Time, and in a Place
[together unknown •, which my Men, who were
eartlefs enough to the Voyage at beft, would never
ave bom, after fo long a Run as from Brazil hither.
For thefe Reafons therefore I chofe to coaft along
0 the Northward, and fo to the Eaft, and fo
nought to come round by the South of Terra Au-
ralis in my Return back, which fhould be in the
lummer-feafon there : And this Paffage back alfo I
ow thought I might poffibly be able to ihorten,
fiould it appear, at my getting to the Eaft Coaft of
few Guinea, that there is a Channel there coming
>ut into thefe Seas, as I now fufpefted near Rofe-
tary I (land : Unlefs the high Tides and great In-
iraught thereabout mould be occafion'd by the
douth of fome large River -, which hath often low

Lands

126 New-Holland.

'An. 1699. Lands on each Side of its Oulet, and many Xfland
^^Y^' and Sholes lying at its Entrance. But I rathe
thought it a Channel or Streight, than a River
And I was afterwards confirmed in this Opinion
when by coafting New Guinea, I found that othe
Parts of this great Trad of Terr a Jufiralis,- whicl
had hitherto been reprefented as the Shore of a Con
tinent, were certainly Iflands ; and 'tis probablj
the fame with New Holland: Though for Reafons !
ihall' afterwards ihew, I could nor return by tht
way I propos'd to my felf, to fix the Difcovery
All that I had now feen from the Latitude of 27 d
South to 25, which is Shark's Bay ; and again frorr
thence to Rofemary I/lands, and about the Latitude
of 20-, feems to be nothing but Ranges of prettj
large Iflands againft the Sea, whatever might be be-
hind- them to the Eaftward, whether Sea or Land.
Continent or Iflands.

But to proceed with my Voyage. Though the
Land I had feen as yet, was not very inviting, being
but barren towards the Sea, and affording me nei-
ther frefh Water, nor any great Store of other Re-
frefhments, nor fo much as a fit Place for careening :
yet I flood out to Sea again, with Thoughts oi
coafting ftill along Shore fas near as I could; to the
North Eaftward, for the further Difcovefy of it :
Perfwading my felf, that at leaft the Place I an-
chor'd at in my Voyage round the World, in the Lati-
tude of 16 deg. 15 min. from which I was not now
far diftant, would not fail to afford me fweet Wa-
ter upon digging, as it did then •, for the brackifh
Water I had taken in here, though it ferv'd to-
lerably well for boiling, was yet not very wholfome.

With thefe Intentions I put to Sea on the 5th of
September 16^9, with a gentle Gale, founding all
the way ; but was quickly indue'd to alter my De-
fign. Fori had not been out above a Day, but I
found that the Sholes among which I was engaged

all

New-Holland. Water- Snake s\ 127

the while on the Coaft, and was like to be en--^». 1699.
y'd in, would make it a very tedious Thing to U^YXJ

along by the Shore, or to put in where I might
'e occafion. I therefore edged farther off to Sea,
1 fo deepned the Water from 11 to 32 Fathom.
ie next Day, being September the 6th, we could
\ juft difcern the Land, though we had then no
»re than about 30 Fathom, uncertain Soundings ;
r even while we were out of Sight of Land, we
1 once but 7 Fathom, and had. alfo great and un-
tain Tides whirling about, that made me afraid
go near a Coaft fo fhallow, where we might be
»n a-ground, and yet have but little "Wind to
ng us off : For fhould a Ship be near a Shoal,
: might be hurl'd upon it unavoidably by a ftrong
de, unlefs there fhould be a good Wind to work
■ and keep her off. Thus alfo on the 7 th Day

faw no Land, though our Water decreas'd again

16 Fathom j for we had deepned it, as I laid,
30. .

This Day we faw two Water-fnakes, different in
ape from fuch as we had formerly ittn. The one
,s very fmall, though long •, the other long and

big as a Man's Leg, having a red Head %
lich I never faw any have, before or flnce. We
d this Day, Lat. 1 6 d. 9 m. by Obfervation.
I was by this Time got to the North of the Place
had thought to have put in at, where I dug Wells

my former Voyage ; and though I knew by the
cperience I had of it then, that there was a deep
itrance in thither from the Eaftward ; yet by the
Loals I had hitherto found fo far ftretcht on this
)aft, I was afraid I fhould have the fame Trouble

coaft all along afterwards beyond that Place :
nd befides the Danger of running almoft continual-

amongft Shoals on a ftrange Shore, and where the
ides were ftrong and high ; I began to bethink
y felfa that a great Part of my Time mufl have

been

128 ^Departure [of New- Holland.

An. 1699. been fpent in being about a Shore I was already al
^"Y"^ moft weary off, which I might employ with greate:
Satisfaction to my Mind, and better Hopes of Sue
cefs in going forward to New Guinea. Add t<
this the particular Danger I fhould have been in up
on a Lee-Shore, fuch as is here defcrib'd, when th
North-Weft Monfoon fhould once come in •, th
ordinary Seafon of which was not now far off
though this Year it flaid beyond the common Sea
fon ; and it comes on ftorming at firft, with Tor
nadoes, violent Gulls, 6JV. Wherefore quitting
the Thoughts of putting in again at New Holland
I refolv'd to ileer away for the ftland Timor \ where
befides getting frefh Water, I might probably ex
peel to be furnifhed with Fruits, and other Refrefh
ments to recruit my Men, who began to droop
fome of them being already to my great Grief, af
flicked with the Scurvy, which was likely to increaf
upon them and difable them, and was promoted b
the brackifh Water they took in laft for boilinj
their Oatmeal. 'Twas now alfo towards the latte
End of the dry Seafon •, when I might not probabl;
have found Water fo plentifully upon digging a
that Part of New Holland^ as when I was there be
fore in the wet Seafon. And then, confidering th
Time alfo that I muft necefifarily fpend in gettinj
in to the Shore, through fuch Sholes as I expecte
to meet with; or in going about to avoid them
and in digging of Wells when I mould come th:
ther : I might very well hope to get to Timor , an
find frefh Water there, as foon as I could expect t
get it at New Holland ; and with lefs Trouble an
Danger.

On the 8 th of September therefore, fhaping oti
Courfe for Timor., we were in Lat. 15 d. 37 m. W
had 26 Fathom, coarfe Sand ; and we faw On
Whale. We found them lying moft commonl
near the Shore, or. in Shoal Water. This Day w

alf

*owards the I. Timor. Several Sorts of Birds. 129

llfo faw fome fmall white Clouds ; the firft that^2- 1699*
ye had feen fince we came out of Shark's Bay. This -/*V>V.
vas one Sign of the Approach of the North- North-
iVeft Monfoon. Another Sign was the fhifting of
he Winds- ; for from the Time of our coming to
>ur laft Anchoring place, the Sea-Breezes which be-
bre were Eafterly and very ftrong, had been whiff-
ing about and changing gradually from the Earl to
he North, and thence to the Weft, blowing but
aintly, and now hanging moftly in fome Point of
he Weft. This Day the Winds were at South-
iVeft by Weft, blowing very faint ; and the 9th
Day we had the Wind at North-Weft by North,
)ut then pretty frefh ; and we faw the Clouds rifing
nore and thicker in the North- Weft. This Night
Lt 1 2 we lay by for a fmall low fandy Ifland, which
s reckoned my felf not far from. The next Morn-
ng at Sun-rifing we faw it from the Top-maft-head,
'ight a-head of us ; and at Noon were up within a
Vlile of it : When, by a good Obfervation, I found
t to lye in 13 d. $$ m. I have mentioned it in my '
irft Vol. pag. 461. but my Account then made it
:olyein 13 d. 50 m. We had Abundance of Boo-
3i*es and Man of War Birds flying about us all the
Day •, efpecially when we came near the Ifland ;
which had alfo Abundance of them upon it ;
:hough it was but a little Spot of Sand, fcarce a
Mile round.

I did not anchor here, nor fend my Boat afhore ;
there being no appearance of getting any Thing on
that Spot of Sand, befides Birds that were good for
little : Though had I not been in hafte, I would
have taken fome of them. So I made the beft of
my way to Timor ; and on the nth in the After-
noon we faw 10 fmall Land-birds, about the Big-
nefs of Larks, that flew away North Weft. The
13 th we faw a great many Sea-fnakes. One of
thefe, of which I faw great Numbers and Variety

K in

1 3 o The IJIand Timor.

An< 1699 in this Voyage, was large, and all black : I never

\^Y^ faw fuch another for his Colour.

We had now had for fome Days fmall Gales, from
the South- South- Weft to the North-North- Weft,
and the Sky ftill more cloudy efpeciaHy in the
Mornings and Evenings. The 14th it look'd very
black in the North- Weft all the Day ; and a little
before Sun-fet we faw, to our great Joy, the Tops
of the high Mountains of 'Timor, peeping out of
the Clouds, which had before covered them, as they
did fliil the lower Parts.

We were now running directly towards the Mid-
dle of the Iiland, on the South-fide : But I was in
fome doubt whether I mould run down along Shore
on this South-fide towards the Eaft-end ; or pafs a-
bout the Weft-end, and fo range along on the
North-fide, and go that way towards the Eaft-end :
But as the Winds were now Wefterly, I thought it beft
to keep on the South-fide, till I lhould fee how the
Weather would prove ; For, as the Ifland lies, if
the Wefterly Winds Continued and grew tempeftu-
ous, I lhould be under the Lee of it, and have
fmooth Water, and fo could go along Shore more
fafely and eafily on this South-fide : I could fooner
alfo run to the Eaft-end, where there is the beft
Shelter, as being ftill more under the Lee of the
Ifland when thofe Winds blow. Or if, on the o-
ther Side, the Winds fhould come about again to
the Eaftward, I could but turn back again, fas I
did afterwards ;) and pafling about the Weft-end,
could there profecute my Search on the North-fide
of the Ifland for Water, or Inhabitants, or a good
Harbour, or whatever might be ufeful to me. For
both Sides of the Ifland were hitherto alike to me,
being wholly unacquainted here ; only as I had feen
it at a Diftance in my former Voyage. [See Vol. I.
pag. 460.]

I had

T^Ut-v, . Tiirto*

Thu,s ifluwj tetrt of the ZfL. of Timor Znt-.q.^q. D%fb . f Z .

rt°2.

Tnuj Shews tke. Z-and in Xrtvt : a . z6'Z>xji. 1 £

rf-J- Thus Shews the. Zand, in. Zat.y . z 6 2>ifk: iZ

W*^

J, w,

Thus Shews the Tfl i ZLotz tv- the S. W. ward

of Timor at ike. S. It/, end zifi: gZ

Jfj"- Thuj Shew* Timor and the. Xjt : ^inanya-hao apertna in on
JHft.-io Z.the, letter T Jhews -the, Jteiny in, between y ''two Z

The IJIand Timor. 131

I had heard alfo, that there were both Dutch and An. 1699,
Portugueze Settlements on this Iflartd ; but wherea- ^^
bouts, I knew not : However, I was refolved to
fearch about till I found, either one of thefe Settle-
ments, or Water in fome other place.

It was now almoft Night, and I did not care to
run near the Land in the dark, but clapt on a Wind,
and flood off and on till the next Morning, being
September 15 th, when I fleered in for the Ifiand,
which now appear'd very plain, being high, double
and treble Land, very remarkable, on whatever
Side you view it. See a Sight of it in 2 Parts, Ta-
ble V. iV°. 1. aa. At 3 in the Afternoon we ancho-
red in 14 Fathom, foft black oafy Ground, about
a Mile from the Shore. See 2 Sights more of the
Coaft, in Table V. NQ. 2, 3.' and the Ifiand it felf in
the Particular Map ; which I have here inferted, to
(hew the Courfe of the Voyage from hence to the
Eaftward ; as the General Map, fet before the Title
Vol IIL Par. I. fhews the Courfe of the whole
Voyage. But in making the Particular Map, I
chofe to begin only with Timor, that I might not,
by extending it too far, be forced to contract the
Scale too much among the Wands, &V. of the
New Guinea Coaft ; which I chiefly defigned it
for.

The Land by the Sea, on this South-fide, is low
and fandy, and full of tall Streight-bodied Trees
like Pines, for about 200 Yards inwards from the
Shore. Beyond that, further in towards the Moun-
tains, for a Breadth of about 3 Miles more or' lefs,
there is a Trad of fwampy Mangrovy Land,
which runs all along between the fandy Land of
the Shore on one Side of it, and the Feet of the
Mountains on the other. And this low Mangrovy
Land is overflown every Tide of Flood, by the Wa-
ter that flows into it through feveral Mouths or O-
penings in the quter fandy Skirt againft the Sea.

K 2 We

1 3 1 The IJIand Timon

An. 1699. We came to an Anchor right againfl one of thefe
^"VX, Openings ; and prefently I went in my Boat to
fearch for frefh Water, or get Speech of the Na-
tives -, for we faw Smoaks, Houfes, and Plantati-
ons againfl: the Sides of the Mountains, not far
from os. It was ebbing Water before we got afhore,
though the Water was ftill hish enough to float us
in without any great Trouble. After we were
v/ithin the Mouth, we found a large Salt- Water
Lake, which we hoped might bring us up through
the Mangroves to the fait Land : But before we
went further, I went afhore on the fandy Land by
the Sea-fide, and look'd about me ; but faw there
no Sign of frefh Water. Within the fandy Bank,
the Water forms a large Lake : Going therefore
into the Boat again, we rowed up the Lake towards
the firm Land, where no doubt there was frefh,
Water, could we come at it. We found many
Branches of the Lake entring within the Mangrove
Land, but not beyond it. Of thefe we left fome on
the Right-hand, and fome on the Left, ftill keep-
ing in the biggeft Channel •, which ftill grew fmal-
ler, and at lalt fo narrow, that we could go no far-
ther, ending among the Swamps and Mangroves.
We were then within a Mile of fome Houfes of the
Indian Inhabitants, and the firm Land by the Sides
of the Hills \ But the Mangroves thus {topping our
way, we return'd as we came : But it was almoft
dark before we reach'd the Mouth of the Creek.
sTwas with much ado that we got out of it again ;
for it was now low Water, and there went a rough
fhort Sea on the Bar •, which, however, we paft
over without any Damage, and went aboard.

The next Morning at five we weighed, and ftood
along Shore to the Eaftward,. making ufe of the
Sea and Land-Breezes. We found the Sea-Breezes
here from the S. S. E. to the S. S. W. the Land-
Breezes from the N. to the N. E. ^e coafted along

about

The I/land Timor.

about 20 Leagues, and found it all a ftreight, bold, j^Ji^-
even Shore, without Points, Creeks or Inlets for a
Ship : And there is no anchoring till within a Mile
or a Mile and an half of the Shore. We faw fcarce
any Opening fit for our Boats •, and the faft Land
was ftill barrlcado'd with Mangroves : So that here
was no hope to get Water -, nor was it likely that
there fhould be hereabouts any European Settlement,
fince there was no Sign of a Harbour.

The Land appear'd pleafant enough to the Eye ;
For the Sides and Tops of the Mountains were
cloath'd with Woods mix'd with Savannahs ; and
there was a Plantation of the Indian Natives, where
we faw the Coco-Nuts growing, and could have
been glad to have come at fome of them. _ In the
Draught I had with me, a Shoal was laid down
hereabouts ; but I faw nothing of it, going, or
coming •, and fo have taken no Notice of it in my

Map.

Weary of running thus fruitlefsly along the
South-fide of the Ifland to the Eaftward, I refolv'd
'to return the way I came 3 and comparing ,the
Weft-end of the Ifland, make a Search along the
North-fide of it. The rather, becaufe the North-
North-Weft Monfoon, which I had defign'd to be
fhelter'd from by coming the way I did, did not
feem to be near at Hand, as the ordinary Seafon of
them required •, but on the contrary I found the
Winds returning again to the South-Eaftward •, and
the Weather was fair, and feem'd likely to hold fo ;
and confequently the North-North-Weft Monfoon
was not like to come in yet. I confidered therefore
that by going to the North-fide of the Ifland, I
mould there have the fmooth Water, as being the
Lee-fide as the Winds Jnow were •, and hoped to
have better riding at Anchor or Landing on that
Side, than I could exped here, where the Shore was
fo lined witlv Mangroves. ,

K 3 Accordingly,

134 The IJland Timor.

'An. 1699. Accordingly, the 18 th about Noon I altered my

v-y-w Courfe, and fteered back again towards the South-

Weft-end of the Ifland. This Day we ftruck a

Dolphin ; and the next Day faw two more, but

ftruck none : We alfo faw a Whale.

In the Evening we faw the Ifland Rotee, and ano-
ther Ifland to the South of it, not feen in my Map •,
both lying near the South- Well-end of Timor, On
both thefe Iflands we faw Smoaks by Day, and Fires
by Night, as we had feen on Timor ever fince we fell
in with it. I was told afterwards by the For tugueze,
that they had Sugar-works on the Ifland Rotee * but
I knew nothing of that now •, and the Coaft ap-
pearing generally dry and barren, only here and
there a Spot of Trees, I did not attempt ancho-
ring there, but flood over again to the Timor
Coaft.

September the 21ft, in the Morning, being near
Timor, I faw a pretty large Opening, which imme-
diately I entred with my Ship, founding as I went
in : But had no Ground till I came within the Eaft
Point of the Mouth of the Gpening, where I an-'
chored in 9 Fathom, a League from the Shore.
The Diftance from the Eaft-fide to the Weft-fide of
this Opening, was about 5 Leagues. But whereas I
thought this was only an Inlet or large Sound that
ran a great way into the Ifland Timor, I found after-
wards that it was a Paflage between the Weft End
of Timor and another fmall Ifland called Anamahao
or Anabao : Into which Miftake I was led by my
Sea-Chart, which reprefented both Sides of the O-
pening as Parts of the fame Coaft, and called all of
it Timor : See all this reElif.ed, and a View of the whole
Pajfage, as I found it, in a fmall Map I have made of
ttf Table VI. N°. 1.

I defigned to fail into this Opening till I Ihould
come to firm Land ; for the Shore was all fet thick
^kh Mangroves here by the Sea, on each Side \

which

Vai. in, 2&.rt 2. Damp . toy,
ZhtLirX. Timor

*d Scale, cf J^eaaue^ —

^■2.. Tht^j Sheu^f the-Xand^to the

H^ejlward. of y u^^mi^ Ttaeea>. 4.X.

^i Jmal
Steep IJl.

&/■ Thus Shetvs the JntrU atr^incho

rt.%. Thuj Shews jZanJ,

3f,c$. Thus Shew? -theJLanel aj n*ee Tluie of the Tcume, X rfrtuio

* - about x a, ^filejrvm. the Shore a bre-ft of

The IJIand Ti mor . A Dutch Tort, 1 3 5

whirh were very green, as were alfo other -Trees ^99J
more within Land. We had now but little Wind j ^
therefore I fent my Boat away, to found, and to let
me know by Signs what Depth of Water they met
with, if under 8 Fathom ; but if more, I order d
them to go on, and make no Signs. At 1 1 that
Morning, having a pretty frefli Gale, I weighed,
and made fail after my Boat ; but edg'd over more
to the Weft Shore, beeaufe I faw many fmaller U-
penings there, and was in Hopes to find a good
Harbour where I might fecure the Ship * for then
I could with more Safety fend my Boats to feek for
frefli Water. I had not failed far before the Wind
came to the South-Eaft and blew fo ftrong, thaU
could not with Safety venture nearer that Side, it
being a Lee-more. Befides, my Boat was on the
Eaft-fide of the Timor Coaft I for the other was, as
I found afterwards, the Anabao Shore * and the
great Opening I was now in, was the Streight be~
tween that Wand and Timor % towards which I now
tacked and ftood over. Taking up my Boat there-
fore, I ran under the Timor Side, and at 3 a Uocfc
anchored in 29 Fathom, half a Mile from the Shore,
That Part of the South- Weft Point of Timor, where
we anchored in the Morning, bore now South by
Weft, diftance 3 Leagues : And another Point or
the Ifland bore North-North-Eaft, diftance 2
t pflpcvies

Not long after, we faw a Sloop coming about
the Point laft mention'd, with Dutch Colours > which
I found, upon fending my Boat aboard, belonged
to*. Butch Fort, (the only one they have in Ttmor)
about 5 Leagues from hence, calPd Concordia Ihq
Governour of the Fort was in the Sloop, and about
40 Soldiers with him. He appeared to be fomewhat
furpnfed a£ our coming this way ; which it fee ms ia
a Paffage fcarce known to any but themfelves, ; as
he told the Men, I feat to him in rrt} Boat, Neither-
K 4. **

*36 Tarty with the Dutch.

r^p9- did he feem willing that we mould come near their
\ X Fort for Water. He faid alfo, that he did not
know of any Water on all that Part of the Ifland,
but only at the Fort ; and that the Natives would
kill us, if they met us afhore. By the fmall Arms
my Men carried with them in the Boat, they took
us to be Pirates, and would not eafily believe the
Account my Men gave them of what we were, and
whence we came. They faid that about 2 Years be-
fore this, there had been a flout Ship of French Pi-
rates here 5 and that after having been fuffered to
Water, and to refrefh themfelves, and been kindly
ufed, they had on a fudden gone among the Indi-
ans, Subjects of the Fort, and plunder'd them and
burnt their Houfes. And the Portuzueze here told
us afterwards, that thofe Pirates, whom they alfo
had entertain'd, had burnt their Houfes, and had
taken the Dutch Fort, (though the Dutch car'd not
to own fo much,; and had driven the Governour
and Faclory among the wild Indians their Enemies.
The Dutch told my- Men further, that they could
not but think we had of feveral Nations (as is ufual
with Pirate Veffels) in our Ship, and particularly
fome Dutch Men, though all the Pifcourfe was in
French ; (for I had not one who could fpeak Dutch:)
Or elfe, fince the common Draughts make no Paf-
fage between Timor and Anobao, but lay down both
as one Ifland ; they faid they fufpecied we had plun-
dered fome Dutch Ship of their particular Draughts,
which they are forbid to part with.

With thcfe Jealoufies the Sloop returned towards
their Fort, and my Boat came back with this News
tome : But I was not dilcouraged at this News ; not
doubting but I fhould perfwade them better, when
I mould come to talk with them. So the next
Morning 1 weighed, and flood towards the Fort.
The Winds were fomewhat againfl us, fo that we-
.could not go very faft, being obliged to tack 2 or

3 Times:

The IJland Anabao. 137

rimes . And coming near the farther End of the ^^j£?9
fifage between Timor and Anabao, we faw many '
?ufes on each Side not far from the Sea, and feve-

Boats lying by the Shore. The Land on both
les was pretty high, appearing very dry and of a
idiih Colour, but higheft on the Timor Side. The
■ees on either Side were but fmall, the Woods
n, and in many Places the Trees were dry and
thered.

The liland Anamabao or Anabao^ is not very big,
t exceeding 10 Leagues in length, and 4 in
eadth ; yet it has 2 Kingdoms in it, viz.- that

Anamabao on the Eaft-fid& towards Timor, and
e North-Eaft-end ; and that of Anabao, which
ntains the South-Weft-end and the Weft-fide of
t Ifland ; but I know not which of them is big-
ft. The Natives of both are of the Indian kind,

a fwarthy Copper-colour, with black lank Hair.
hofe of Anamabao are in League with the Dutch,

thefe afterwards told me, and with the Natives

the Kingdom of Copang in Timor, over-againft
em, in which the Dutch Fort Concordia ftands:
it they are faid to be inveterate Enemies to their
eighbours of Anabao. Thofe of Anabao, befides
anaging their fmall Plantations of Roots and a
n Coco-nuts, do fifh, ftrike Turtle, and hunt
jfTalo's -, killing them with Swords, Darts, or
ances. But I know not how they get their Iron ;
uppofe, by Traffick with the Dutch or Portugueze,
Sio fend now and then a Sloop and trade thither,
it well-arm' d •, for, the Natives would kill them,
>uld they furprize them. They go always armed
emfelves ; And when they go a fifliing or a hunt-
ig, they fpend 4 or 5 Days or more in ranging a-
Dut, before they return to their Habitation. We
ten faw them, after this, at thefe Employments ;
at they would not come near us. The Fifh or
lelh that t,hey take, befides what ferves for prefent

fpending,

1 3 8 ^Parley with the Dutch at Timor.

An. 1 699. fpending, they dry on aBarbacue or wooden Grate,

^V^ Handing pretty high over the Fire, and fo carry it

home when they return. We came fometimes at

terwards to the Places where they had Meat thus a

drying, but did not touch any of it.

But to proceed ; I did not think to flop any
where till I came near the Fort ; which yet I did
not fee : But coming to the End of this PafTage, ]
found that if I went any farther I mould be open
again to the Sea. I therefore flood in clofe to the
Shore on the Eafl-fide, and anchored in 4 Fathom
Water, fandy Ground ; a Point of Land flill hin-
dring me from feeing the Fort. But I fent my Boat
to look about for it ; and in a fhort Time fhe re-
turned, and my Men told me they faw the Fort,
but did not go near it -, and that it was not above
4 or 5 Miles from hence. It being now late,
I would not fend my Boat thither till the next Morn-
ing : Mean while about 2 or 300 Indians, Neigh-
bours of the Fort, and fent probably from thence,
came to the fandy Bay jufl againft the Ship •, where
they flaid all Night, and made good Fires. They
were armed with Lances, Swords and Targets, and
made a great Noife all the Night : We thought it
was to fcare us from landing, fhouid we attempt it :
But we took little Notice of them.

The next Morning, being September the 23d, I
fent my Clerk afhore in my Pinnace to the Governour,
to fatisfy him that we were Englijh Men, and in the
Kings, Ship, and to ask Water of him ; fending a
young Man with him, who fpake French. My Clerk
was with the Governour pretty early ; and in An-
fwer to his Queries about me, and my Bufinefs in
thefe Parts, told him that I had the King of Eng-
land's Commiffion, and deiired to fpeak with him.
He beckned to my Clerk to. come afhore j but af-
foon as he faw fome fmall Arms in the Stern-Sheets
of the Boatj he commanded him into the Boat a->

gain,

^Parley with the Dutch at Timor. 139

i, and would have him be gone. My Clerk fol- An. 1699*
:ed him that he would allow him to fpeak with t/W
1 ; and at laft the Governour confented that he
uld come alhore ; and fent his Lieutenant and 3
rchants, with a Guard of about a hundred of

Native Indians to receive him. My Clerk faid
t we were in much want of Water, and hop'd
f wou'd allow us to come to their Watering-
ce, and fill. But the Governour replied, that he
i Orders not to fupply any Ships but their own
1-India Camp 'any, neither mint they allow any
ropeans to come the Way that we came ; and
ndred how we durft come near their Fort. My
rk anfwered him, that had we been Enemies, we
ft have come afhore among them for Water :
t, faid the Governour, you are come to infpect
0 our Trade and Strength ; and I will have you
refore be gone with all Speed. My Clerk an-
;red him, that I had no fuch Defign, but, with-
t coming nearer them, would be contented if the
>vernour would fend Water on Board where we
, about 2 Leagues from the Fort ; and that I
•uld make any reafonable Satisfaction for it. The
rvernour faid that we mould have what Water
: wanted, provided we came no nearer with the
ip : And ordered, that affoon as we pleafed, we
3uld fend our Boat full of empty Casks, and
me to an Anchor with it off the Fort, till he fent
ives to bring the Casks afhore, and fill them ; for
it none of our Men muft come afhore. The fame
fternoon I fent up my Boat as he had directed,
th an Officer, and a prefent of fome Beer for the
)vernour ; which he would not accept- of; but
tit me off about a Ton of Water.
On the 24th in the Morning I fent the fame Offi-
r again in my Boat •, and about Noon the Boat
turned again with the two principal Merchants

the Factory, and the Lieutenant of the Fort ;

for

140 Tarley with the Dutch at Timor.

rAn. 1 699. for whofe Security they had kept my Officer a
V^V^*" one of my Boat's-crew as Hoftages, confining th<
to the Governour's Garden all the Time : For th
were very fhy of trufting any of them to go ir
their Fort, as my Officer faid : Yet afterwards th
were not fhy of our Company •, and I found that r
Officer malicioufly endeavour'd to make them fhy
me. In the Even I gave the Butch Officers tl
came aboard, the beft Entertainment I could •, a
beflowing fome Prefents on them, fent them ba
very well pleafed ; and my Officer and the orl
Man were returned to me. Next Morning I fe
my Boat afhore again with the fame Officer ; w
brought me word from the Governour, that we mi
pay 4 Spanijh Dollars, for every Boat's-load of W
ter : But in this he fpake falfly, as I underftood ;
terwards from the Governour himfelf, and all J
Officers, who protefled to me that no fuch Pri
was demanded, but left me to give the Slaves wha
pleafed for their Labour : The Governour bei:
already better fatisfied about me, then when r
Clerk fpoke to him, or than that Officer I fent 1;
would have caufed him to be : For the Governo
being a civil, genteel and fenfible Man, was offen
ed at the Officer for his being fo induftrious to m
reprefent me. I received from the Governour
little Lamb, very fat ; and I fent him 2 of the G\
nea-hens that I brought from St. J ago, of whi
there were none here.

I had. now 11 Buts of Water on Board, havii
taken in 7 here, which I would have paid for, b
that at prefent I was afraid to fend my Boat afho
again : For my Officer told me, among other
his Inventions, that there were more Guns mount
in the Fort, than when we firft came -, and that .
did not fee the Gentlemen that were aboard the D:
before ; intimating as if they were ffiy of us ; ai
that the Governour was very rough with him , ai

I n<

Copang-B^ in the I/land Timof. 141

lot knowing to the contrary at prefent, confulted An. 1699;
th my other Officers what was belt to be done ; ^V^J
r by this the Governour fhould feem to defign to
larrel with us. All my other Officers thought it
.tural to infer fo much, and that it was not fafe to
id the Boat afhore any more, left it mould be
iz'd on •, but that it was beft to go away, and
sk more Water where we could find it. For ha-
ng now (as I faid) 1 1 Buts aboard ; and the Land
;ing promifing this way, I did not doubt rinding
fater in a fhort Time. But my Officer who occa-
Dn'd thefe Fears in us by his own Forgeries, was
mfelf for going no further ; having a Mind, as
I as I could perceive, to make every Thing in the
oyage, to which he ihew'd himfelf averfe, feem as
•ofs and difcouraging to my Men as poffible, that
I might haften our Return 5 being very negligent
id backward in moil Bufineffes I had occafion to
uploy him in ; doing nothing well or willingly,
lou-gh I did all I could to win him to it. He was
fo induftrious to ftir up the Sea-men to Mutiny ;
:lling them, among other Things, that any Dutch
hip might lawfully take us in thefe Seas •, but I
new better, and avoided every Thing that could
ive juft Offence.

' The reft of my Officers therefore being refolved
d go from hence, and having bought fome Fifh of
3me Anamabeans, who, feeing our Ship, camepur-
iofely to fell fome, paffing to and fro every Day,
fail'd away on the 26th about 5 in the Afternoon.
Nt pafs'd along between a fmall low fandy Ifland
over againft the Fort,; full of Bays and pretty
tigh Trees •, founding as we went along ; and had
rom 25 to 35 Fathom, oafy Ground. Seethe little
Map of this Pa/age, Table VL N°. 1.

The 27th in the Morning we anchored m the
Middle of the Bay, called Co pang Bay, in 12 Fa-
horn, foftOaze, about 4 Leagues above the Dutch

Fort.

142 Copang Bay in the IJtdnd Timor.

§'An. i699-Fort. Their Sloop was riding by the Fort, and i
^-OT^ the Night fired a Gun •, but for what Reafon
know not : and the Governour faid afterwards, 'twa
the Skipper's own doing, without his Order. Pn
fently after we had anchored, I went in the Pinnae
to fearch about the Bay for Water, but found noni
Then, returning a-board, I weighed, and ra
down to the North-Entrance of the Bay, and. at
in the Evening anchored again, in 37 Fathom, fo;
Oaze, clofe by the fandy Ifland, and about
Leagues from the Dutch Fort. The 28th I fer
both my Boats afhore on the fandy Ifland, to ci
Wood j and by Noon they both came back lader
In the Afternoon I fent my Pinnace afhore on th
North Coaft or Point of Copang Bay, which is call''
Babao. Late in the Night they returned, and tol
me that they faw great Tracks of Buffalo's there
but none of the Buffalo's themfelves •, neither dii
they find any frefh Water. They alfo faw fom
green Turtle in the Sea, and one Alligator.

The 29th I went out of Copang Bay, defigning t<
Coaft it along Shore on the North- fide of 'Timor t<
the Eaftward ; as well to feek for Water, as alfo t<
acquaint my fdf with the Ifland, and to fearch fo
the Portuguese Settlements -, which we were informec
were about forty Leagues to the Eaftward of thi
Place.

We coafted along Shore with Land and Sea
Breezes. The Land by the Shore was of a mode
rate height, with high and very remarkable Hill
farther within the Country ; their Sides all fpottec
with Woods and Savannahs. But thefe on th<
Mountains Sides appeared of a rufty Colour not fc
pleafant and flourifhing as thofe that we faw on th<
South-fide of the Ifland; for the Trees feemed tc
be I mall and withering ; and the Grafs in the Savan-
nahs alfo look'd dry, as if it wanted Moifture. Bui
in the Valleys, and by the Sea-fide, the Trees look'd

here

The ljland Timor:. 143

:rc alfo more green. Yet we faw no good Ancho- An. 1699.
lg-place, or Opening, that gave us any Incou- UOfM
gement to put in ; till the 30th Day in the After-
jon.

We were then running along Shore, at about
Leagues diftance, with a moderate Sea-breeze ;
hen we opened a pretty deep Bay, which appeared
, be a good Road to anchor in. There were two
rge Valleys, and one fmaller one, which defcend-
g from the Mountains came all into one Valley
y the Sea- fide againfl this Bay, which was full of
ill green Trees. I prefently flood in with the Ship,
11 within two Leagues of the Shore ; and then fent
t my Pinnace commanded by my chief Mate,
hofe great Care, Fidelity, and Diligence, I was
ell allured of ; ordering him to feek for frefh Wa-
I •, and if he found any, to found the Bay, and
ring me Word what anchoring there was ; and to
lake hafte aboard.
As foon as they were gone, I flood off a little,
nd lay by. The Day was .now far fpent ; and there-
>re it was late before they got afhore with the Boat ;
) that they did not come aboard again that Night. .
Vhich I was much concern'd at \ becaufe in the E-
ening, when the Sea-Breeze was done and the Wea-
her calm, I perceived the Ship to drive back again
0 the Weflward. I was not yet acquainted with
he Tides here ; for I had hitherto met with no
trong Tides about the lfland, and fcarce any run-
ling in a Stream, to fet me along Shore either way.
Sut after this Time, I had pretty much of them ;
md found at prefent the Flood fet to the Eaflward,
ind the Ebb to the Weflward. The Ebb (with
vhich I was now carried; fets very flrong, and runs
\ or 9 Hours. The Flood runs but weak, and at
noft lafts not above 4 hours -s and this too is per-
:eived only near the Shore ; where checking the Ebb,
it fwells the Seas, and makes the Water rife in the

Bays

t44 The IJland Timor.

'An. 1699. Bays and Rivers 8 or 9 Foot. I was afterwards ere
V^"V~S-' dibly informed by fome Portugueze, that the Curren
runs always to the Weftward in the Mid-Channe
between this Ifland and thofe that face it in a Rang
to the North of it, viz. Mificomba Cor Ornba) Pin
tare, Laubana, Ende, &c.

We were driven 4 Leagues back again, and too]
particular Notice of a Point of Land that looka
like Flamborough-head, when we were either to th
Eaft or Weft of it \ and near the Shore it appearei
like an Ifland. Four or five Leagues to the Eaft 0
this Point, is another very remarkable bluff Point
which is on the Weft-fide of the Bay that my Boa
was in. See two Sights of this Land, 'Table Vi
N°. II. III. We could not ftem the Tide, tillabou

3 a Clock in the Afternoon ; when the Tide runninj
with us, we foon got abreaft of the Bay, and the]
faw a fmall Ifland to the Eaftward of us. See ,
Sight of it, "Table VI. N°. IV. About 6 we ancho
red in the Bottom of the Bay, in 25 Fathom, fof
Oaze, half a Mile from the Shore.

I made many falfe Fires in the Night, and no\
and then fired a Gun, that my Boat might fim
me ; but to no Purpofe. In the Morning
found my felf driven again by the Tide of Ebb 3 0

4 Leagues to the Weftward of the Place where
left my Boat. I had feveral Men looking out fo
her : but could not get Sight of her : Befides,
continued ftill driving to the Weftward ; forwehai
but little Wind, and that againft us. But by 10
Clock in the Morning we had the Comfort of feeinj
the Boat -, and at 1 1 fhe came aboard, bringing
Barrecoes of very good Water.

The Mate told me there was good Anchorinj
clofe by the Watering-place ; but that there ran
very ftrong Tide, which near the Shore made fevera
Races ; fo that they found much Danger in gettinj

afhor

The Ifland Timon 145

ifhore, and were afraid to come off again in the A*L*^9
Night, becaufe of the Riplings the Tide made. -^vNJ

We had now the Sea-"breeze, and fleered away
For this Bay ; but could hardly ftemm the Tide, till
about 3 in the Afternoon; when the Tide being
turned with us, we went along briskly, and about 6.
anchored in the Bay, in 25 Fathom, foft Oaze,
half a Mile from the Shore.

The next Morning I went afhore to fill Water,
and before Night fent aboard 8 Tons. We fill'd ic
out of a large Pond within 50 Paces of the Sea. Tt
look'd pale, but was very good, and boiled Peafe
well. I faw the Trad of an Alligator here. Not
far from the Pond, We found the Rudder of a Ma-
layan Proe, 3* great Jars in a fmall Shed fet up a-
gainft a Tree, and a Barbacue whereon there had
keen FiQi and Flefh of Buffaloes dreft, the Bones
lying but a little from it.

In 3 Days we fill'd about twenty fix Tun of Wa-
ter, and then had on Board about 30 Ton in all.
The 2 following Days we fpent in Fiffiing with the
Saine, and the firft Morning caught as many as fer-
ved all my Ship's Company : But afterwards we had
not fo good Succefs. The reft of my Men, which
could be fpared from the Ship, I fent out ; Some
with the' Carpenter's Mate, to cut Timber for my
Boats, &c. Thefe went always guarded with 3 or 4
armed Men to fecure them : I fhewed them what
Wood was fitting to cut for our Ufe, efpecially the
Calabam and Maho •, I ihewed them alfo the manner
of ftripping the Maho-bark, and of making there-
with Thread, Twine, Ropes, &c. Others were
fent out a Fowling •, who brought Home Pidgeons,
Parrots, Cackatoos, &c. I was always with one
Party or other, my felf •, efpecially with the Car-
penters, to haften them to get what they could, that
' we might be gone from hence.

YQL..ra:

246 The IJtand Timor.'

An. 1699. Our Water being full, I fail'd from hence OBo-
^V^ her the 6th about 4 in the Afternoon, defigning to
coaft along Shore to the Eaftward, till I came to the
Portugueze Settlements. By the next Morning we
were driven 3 or 4 Leagues to the Weft of the Bay ;
but in the Afternoon, having a faint Sea-breeze,
we got again abreaft of it. It was the nth Day at
Noon before we got as far as the fmall Ifland before-
mentioned, which lies about 7 Leagues to the Eaft
of the Watering Bay : For what we gained in the
Afternoon by the Benefit of the Sea-breezes we loft
again in the Evenings and Mornings, while it was
calm, in the Interval of the Breezes. But this Day
the Sea-breeze blowing freflier than ordinary, we paft
by the Ifland and run before Night about 7 Leagues
to the Eaft of it.

This Ifland is not half a Mile long, and not above
100 Yards in breadth, and look'd juft like a Barn,
when we were by it : It is pretty high, and may be
feen from a Ship's Topmaft-head about 10 Leagues.
The Top, and Part of the Sides, are covered with
Trees, and it is about 3 Leagues from Timor -, 'tis
about Mid-way between the Watering-place and
the Portugueze firft and main Settlement by the
Shore.

In the Night we were again driven back toward
the Ifland, 3 Leagues: But the 12th Day, having a
pretty brisk Sea-breeze, we coafted along Shore ;
and feeing a great many Houfes by the Sea, I flood
in with my Ship till I was within 2 Miles of them,
and then fent in my Boat, and lay by till it return-
ed. I fent an Officer to command the Boat ; and a
Portugueze Seaman that I brought from Brazil, to
fpeak with the Men that we faw on the Bay ; there
being a great many of them, both Foot and Horfe.
I could not tell what Officer there might be amongft
them ; but I ordered my Officer to tell the Chief of
them that we were EngHJh9 and came hither for Re-
s frefhmenc,

Laphao-ZfoK 147

fremment. As foon as the Boat came afhore, and **. 1699.
the Inhabitants were informed who we were, they ^OT^
were very glad, and fent me Word that I was wel-
come, and mould have any thing that the Ifland af-
forded ; and that I muft run a little farther about
a fmall Point, where I mould fee more Houfes -,
and that the Men would Hand on the Bay, right a-
gainft the Place where I muft anchor. With this
News the Boat immediately returned •, adding with-
al, that the Governour lived about 7 Miles up in the
Country ; and that the chief Perfon here was a
Lieutenant, who defired me, as foon as the Ship
was at Anchor, to fend afhore one of my Officers
to go to the Governour, and certify him of our Ar-
rival. I prefently made Sail towards the Ancho-
ring-place, and at 5 a Clock anchored in Lapbm
Bay, in 20 Fathom, foft Oa£e, over againft the
Town. A Defcription of which, and of the Por-
tugueze Settlement there, fhall be given in the fol-
lowing Chapter.

Affoon as I came to Anchor, I fent my Boat a-
Ihore with my fecond Mate, to go to the Gover-
nour. The Lieutenant that lived here, had provi-
ded Horfes and Guides for him, and fent 4 Soldiers
with him for his Guard, and, while he was abfenr,
treated my Men with Arack at his own Houfe,
where he and fome others of the Townfmen fhew'd
them many broad thin Pieces of Gold •, telling them
that they had Plenty of that Metal, and would wil-
lingly traffick with them for any Sort of European
Commodities, About 1 1 a Clock my Mate return-
ed on Board, and told me he had been in the Coun-
try, and was kindly received by the Gentleman he
went to Wait upon *, who faid we were welcome, and
ihould have any thing the Ifland afforded *, and that
he was not himfelf the Governour, but only a Depu-
ty. He asked why we did not falute their Fort when we
anchored » My Mate anfwer'd, that we faw no Co-
L 2 lours

nPHwtt'lP i

....

148 5FW^ twYj the Fortugucze at Timor.

^^9 lours flying, and. therefore did not know there
JT ^ V* w^s any Fprt ^.y came afhore and fa w. the Guns ;
arid if we had known that there was a Fort, yet
that we could not have given any Salute till we knew
v that they would ahfwer'it with, the lil^e ^Number oi
Guns. The Deputy faid, it,wa3 very well; and
that he had but little Powder y. aruj therefore would
gladly buy fome of us, if we had, any to fpare ;
which my Mate told him, we had not.

The 1 3th the deputy fent me .aboard a Prefent
of 2 young Buffaloes, 6 Goats, 4 Kids, ,J40
Coco-nuts, "300 ripe Mangoes, and 6 ripe Jacks.
This was all very acceptable ;. and all the Time, we
Jay here, we had frefh Provifion, and Plenty ol
Fruits ) fo that thofe of my Men that were fick oi
the Scurvy, foon recovered and grewlufty. I {laid
-here till the 2 2d, went afhore feveral Times, and
once purpolHy. to fee the Deputy ; who came. .out
.of the Country alfoon purpofe to fee and talk with
me. And therr indeed there were Guns fired for .Sa-
lutes, both aboard my Ship and at the Fort. Oui
..Inverview was in a fmall Church, which was fill'd
"■' : .with 'the better Sort of People ; the poorer Son
thronging on the Outfide, and looking in upon. us :
For the Church had no Wall but at the Eaft-end 5
the- Sides and the Weft-end being open, faving only
that it had Boards about 3 or 4 Foot high from the
.Ground. I faw but 2 white Men among them all 5
.One was a Padre that came along with the Lieute-
nant i the other .was an Inhabitant of the Town.
The reft were all Copper-colour'd, with black lank
Hair. I ftaid there about 2 Hours, and we fpoke
to each other by an Interpreter. I asked particu-
larly about the Seafons of the Year, and when they
expected the North-North- Weft Monfoon. The
Deputy told me, that they expected the Wind to
fiiift every Moment; and that fome Years the
.North-North- Weft Monfoon fet in in September, but

never

'Parley with the Portugueze at Timor.

never failed to come in Ottobef; and for that Rea-^^99-
fon defir'd me to make what hafte I could from'v*s'
hence ; for that 'twas impoffible to ride here when
thofe Winds came. I askec\ him if there was no
Harbour hereabouts, where I blight be fecured from,
the Fury of thefe Winds' at their firft coming- He
told me, that the beft Harbour in the Ifland was at
a Place called Babao, on the North- fide of Copang
Bay ; that there were no Inhabitants there, but'
Plenty of Buffaloes in the Woods, and Abundance
of Fifh in the Sea V that there was^alfo frefh Wa-
ter : That there was another Place, call'd Pert Se-
fially about 20 Leagues to the Eaftward of Lap bao ♦,
that there was a River of frefh. Water there, and
Plenty of Fifh, but no Inhabitants : Yet that, if I
would go thither, he would fend People with Hogs,
Goats and Buffaloes, to truck with me for fuch
Commodities as I had to difpofe of.

I Was afterwards told, that on the EaftVend of
the Ifland Ende there was alfo a very good Harbour,
and a Portugueze Town ; that there was great Plen-
ty of Refreshments for my Men, and Dammer for
my Ship ; that the Governour or Chief of that
Place, was call'd Captain More <, that he was a ve-
ry courteous Gentleman, and would be very glad
to entertain an Englijh Ship there ; and if I defign'd
to go thither, I might have Pilots here that would
be willing to carry me, if I could get the Lieute-
nant's Confent. That it was dangerous going feh$
ther without a Pilot, by Reafon of the violent
Tides that run between the Iflands Ende and Solor.
I was told alfo, that at the Ifland Solor there
were a great many Dutchmen banifht from other
Places for certain Crimes. I was willing enough to
go thither, as well to fecure my Ship in a good Har-
bour, where I might careen her, (there being Dam-
mer alfo, which I could not get here, to make ufe
of inftead of Pitch, which I now wanted,) and
L 3 where

1 50 Parley with the Portuguczc at Timor.

rAn. 1 699. where I might ftill be refrefhing my Men and fup-
porting them, in order to my further Difcoveries %
as alfo to inform my felf more particularly con-
cerning thefe Places as yet fo little known to us.
Accordingly I accepted the Offer of a Pilot and
two Gentlemen of the Town, to go with me to
Larentucka on the ftland Ende : And they were to
come on Board my Ship the Night before I failed.
Bat I was hindred of this Defign by fome of my
Officers, who had here alfo been very bufie in doing
me all the Injury they could underhand. • •

But to proceed. While I ftaid here, I went a-
fhore every Day, and my Men took there Turns to
go afhore and traffick for what they had Occafion
for % and were now all very well again : And to
keep themfelves in Heart, every Man bought fome
Rice, more or lefs, to recruit them after our former
Fatigues. Befides, I order'd the Purfer to buy
fome for them, to ferve them inftead of Peafe,
which were now almoft fpent. I fill'd up my Wa-
ter-Casks again here, and cut more Wood ; and
fent a Prefent to the Lieutenant, .Alexis Mendofa,
defigning to be gone ; for while I lay here, we had
fome Tornadoes and Rain, and the S|cy in the
North-Weft looked very black Mornings and Eve-
nings, with Lightning all Night from that Quarter ;
which made me very uneafy and defirous to depart
hence ; becaufe this Road lay expos'd to the North-
North-Weft and North Winds, which were now
daily expected, and which are commonly fo violent,
that 'tis impoffible for any Ship to ride them out :
Yet, on the other Hand, it was abfolutely neceffa-
ry for me to fpend about 2 Months Time longer in
fome Place hereabouts, before I could profecute my
Voyage farther to the Eaftward ; for Reafons
which I fhall give hereafter in its proper Place in
the enfuing Difcourfe. When therefore I fent the
Prefent to the Governour, I defired to have a Pilot

Laphao: "Port Sefiall; 511

to Larentucka on the Ifland Ende •, where I defir'd ^699:
to fpend the Time I had to fpare He now fent ^-^*
me Word that he could not well do it, but would
fend me a Letter to Port Sefiall for the Natives,
who would come to me there and fupply me with
what Provifion they had.

I ftaid 3 Days, in hopes yet to get a Pilot for
Larentucka, or at leaft the Letter from the Gover-
nour to Port Sefiall But feeing neither, I fail 4
from hence the 22d of Oflober, coafting to the bait-
ward, defigning for Sefiall 5 and before Night, was
about 10 Leagues to the Eaft of Laphao. I kept
about 3 Leagues off Shore, and my Boat ranged
along clofe by the Shore, looking into every Bay
and Cove •, and at Night returned on Board, The
next Morning, being 3 or 4 Leagues farther to the
Eaftward, I Tent my Boat afliore again to find beji-
all At Noon they returned, and told me they had
been at Sefiall, as they guefs'd* that there were two
Portuguese Barks in the Port, who threatned to hre
at them, but did not 5 telling them this was Porto
del Roy de Portugal They faw alfo another Bark9
which ran and anchor'd clofe by the Shore j and the
Men ran all away for fear : But our Men calling to
them in Portuguese, they at laft came to them, and
told them that Sefiall was the Place which they came
from, where the 2 Barks lay : Had not thefe Men
told them, they could not have known it to be a
Port, it being only a little bad Cove, lying open
to the North ; having 2 Ledges of Rocks at its bn*
trance, one on each Side-, and a Channel between,
which was fo narrow, that it would not be : late tor
us to go in. However I ftood in with the Ship, to
be better fatisfied > and when I came near it, found
it anfwer my Men's Defcription. I lay by a-wnile,
to confider what I had beft do ; for my Defign was
to lye in a Place where I might get frefh Provifion*
If I could ; For though my Men were again pretty

h 4 wcu

11 '

152

Babao.

t*M ?wLeli bruited ; and thofe that had been fick of
the Scurvy, were well again ; yet I defign'd, if
poffible, to refrefh them as much and as long as I
could, before I went farther. Befides, my Ship
wanted cleaning; and I was refolved to clean her,
if poffible.

At laft after much Confideration, I thought it
fafertogo away again for Babao ; and accordingly
ftood to the Weftward. We were now about 60
Leagues to the Eaft of Babao. The Cbaft is bold
all the way, having no Sholes, and but one Ifland
which I law and defcrib'd coming to the Eaftward.
1 he Land in the Country is very mountainous ; but
there are fome large Valleys towards the Eafl-end.
Botn the Mountains and Valleys on this Side, are
barren ; fome wholly fo ; and none of them appear
io pleafant as the Place where I watered. It was
the 2-3 d Day in the Evening when I flood back a-
gain for Babao. We had but fmall Sea and Land-
breezes.. On the 27th we came into Copang Bay ;
andthe next Day having founded Babao Road, I
ran in and came to an Anchor there,- in 20 Fathom'
t °/^ 3 Mik fr0m the' Shore. One Reafon,
as I fed before, of my coming hither, was to ride
lecure, and to clean my Ship's Bottom ;'"as alfo to
endeavour by Fifhing and Hunting of .. Buffaloes, to
refrefh my Men and fave my fait Provifion. It was
like to be fome Time before I could clean my Ship
becaufe I wanted a great many NecefTaries, efpecil
ally a Veflel to careen by. I had a Long-Boat in a
*rame, that I brought out of England, by which I
might have made a Shift to do it j but my Carpen-
ter was uncapable to let her up. Befides, by that
rime the SmpVfides were calk'd, my Pitch was al-

m0;V?x?n; Whlcil was a1] 0wing to the Carpenter's
wilful Vvafle. and Ignorance ; fo that. I had nothing
to lay on upon the Ship's Bottom. But inftead of
this, J intended to make Lame here, which with

Oyl

Babao.

153

y\ would have made a good Coat for her. In- An. 1699.
ed had it been advifeable, I would have gone in ^VNJ
:tween Crofs Ifland and Timor ^ and have hal'd
y Ship afhore ;, 'for there was a very convenient
ace to do it in •, but my Ship being fharp, I did
>t dare to do it : Befides, I mull have taken eve-
thing out of her ; and I had neither Boats to get
y Things afhore, nor Hands to look after them
hen they were there ; for my Men would have
:en all employed^ and though here are no Indians
ring near, yet they come hither in Companies
hen Ships are here, on Purpofe to do any Mifchief
iey can to them ; and 'twas not above 2 Years
ice a Portugueze Ship riding here, and fending
iv Boat for Water to one of the Galleys, the Men
ere all killed by the Indians. But to fecure my
len, I never fuffer'd them to go afhore unarmed ;
id while fome were at. Work, others flood to
tjard them.

We lay in this Place from Offober the 28th,. till
December the 1 2th. In which Time we made very
ood Lime with Shells, of which here are plenty.
Ve cut Palmcto-leaves to burn the Ship's- fides ;
nd giving her as good a Heel as we could, we
urned her Sides, and paid them ;wkh Lime and
Vater for want of Oyl to mix with it. This ftuck
n about 2 Months, where 'twas well burned. We
id not want frefh Provifions all the Time we lay
ere, either of Fifh or Flefh. For there were fair
mdy Bays on the Point of Bahao, where in 2 or 3
lours in a Morning we ufed with our Sain to drag
fhore as much Fifh. as we could eat all the Day \
nd for a Change of Diet, when we were weary of
'ifh, I fent 10 or 11 armed Men a hunting for
buffaloes ; who never came empty home. They
rent afhore in the Evening or early in the Mor-
ing, and before Noon^ always returned with their

Burdens

1 54 The Dutch Fort Concordia in the IJlandTimc
-f^^' Burdens of Buffalo, enough to fuffice us 2 Days
W v>» by which Time we began to long for Fifh again.
On the nth of November, the Governour 1
Concordia fent one of his Officers to us, to kno
who we were. For I had not fent thither, fince
came to Anchor laft here. When the Officer can
aboard, he ask'd me why we fired fo many Gu:
the 4th and 5th Days ; (which we had done in H
nour of King William, and in Memory of die D
liverance from the Powder-Plot:) I told him tj
pccafion of it ; and he replied that they were
fome Fear at the Fort that we had been Portuguez
and that we were coming with Soldiers to take the
Fort : He asked me alfo why I did not ftay and f
my Water at their Fort, before I went away froi
thence ? I told him the Reafon of it, and withal o
fered him Money, bidding him take what 1
thought reafonable : He took none, and faid 1
was forry there had been fuch a Mifunderftanding h
tween us *, and knew that the Governour would I
much concerned at it. After a fhort Stay, he wer
afhore ; and the next Morning came aboard agair
and told me the Governour defired me to come 1
fhore to the Fort and dine with him; and, if
doubted any thing, he would ftay aboard till I r<
turned, I told him I had no Reafon to miftru
any thing againft me, and would go afhore wit
him » fo I took my Clerk and my Gunner, an
went afhore in my Pinnace: The Gunner fpokev<
ry good French, and therefore I took him to be m
Interpreter, becaufe the Governour fpeaks French
He was an honeft Man, and I found him always d
ligent and obedient. It was pretty late in the A:
ternoon /before we came afhore ; fo that we had bt
little Time with the Governour. He feem'd to b
much diffatisfjed at the Report my Officer had mad
to me •, (of which I have before given an Ac
souat si) and faid it was faife, neither would h

nQ>

w Dutch Fort Concordia in the IJIandTimor. 1 $ $
19 take any Money of me-, but told me I was^r». 1699*
Icome -, as indeed I found by what he provided. ^W
r there was plenty of very good Victuals, and
11 dreft ; and the Linnen was white and clean ♦,
1 all the Dimes and Plates, of Silver or fine Chi-
I did not meet any where with a better Enter-
nment, while I was abroad ; nor with fo much
:cency and Order. Our Liquor was Wine,
er, Toddy, or Water, which we liked beft after
nner. He fhew'd me fome Drawers full of Shells,
lich were the ftrangeft and moft curious that I had
er feen. He told me, before I went away, that
could not fupply me with any Naval Scores ; but

I wanted any frefh Provifion, he would fupply
e with what I had occafion for. I thank' d him,
d told him I would fend my Boat for fome Goats
id Hogs, though afterwards on fecond Thoughts
did not do it : For 'twas a great way from the
lace where we lay, to the Fort ; and I could not

II what Mifchief might befall any of my Men,
hen there, from the Natives ; efpecially if mcou-
iged by the Dutch, who are Enemies to all Euro-
>ans but fuch as are under their own Government,
'herefore I chofe rather to fifh and hunt for Pro-
ifions, than to be beholden to the Dutch, and pay
early for it too.

We found here, as I faid before, Plenty of Game ;
0 that all the Time we lay at this Place, we fpent
lone or very little of our Salt-provifions •, having
'ifh or frefh Buffaloe every Day. We lay here 7
Weeks ; and although the North-North- Weft Mon-
bon was every Day expecled'when I was at Lapbao,
ret it was not come, fo that if I had profecuted
ny Voyage to the Eaftward without Haying here,
t had been but to little Advantage. For if I had
rone out, and beaten againft the Wind a whole
Month, I mould not have got far ; it may be 40,
50, or 60 Leagues j which was but 24 Hours run

for

X56

' Babao.

'An. 1 699. for us with a large Wind ; befides the Trouble ar
>^Y^ Difcontent, which might have arifen among m
Men in beating to Windward to fo little Purpofi
there being nothing to be got at Sea ; but here v,
lived and did eat plentifully every Day withoi
Trouble. The greateft Inconveniency of this Place
was 'want of Water ; this being the latter Parr <
the dry Seafon, becaufe the Monfoon was very lat
this Year. About 4 Days before we came away, w
had Tornadoes, with Thunder, Lightning and Rair
and much Wind ; but of no long Continuance
at which Time we filled fome Water, We faw vc
fy black Clouds, and heard it thunder every Da
for near a Month before, in the Mountains ; am
faw it rain, but none came near us : And evei
where we hunted, we faw great Trees torn up b]
the Roots, and great Havock made among th
Woods by the Wind j yet none touched us,

G HA P.

The IJland Timor.

157

^#„ 1699.

C HAP. II.

particular Defcription of the Jfland Timor- Its Coafi. The U
(land Anabao. fault of the. Draughts, The Channel between
Timor and Anabao. Copang-£*;y Fort Concordia, A par-
ticular defer ipt ion of the Bay. The Anchoring-place, called Ba-
bao. The Malayans here kill all the Europeans they can. La-
phao, a Portuguese Settlement, defcribed. Port Ciccalc. The
Hills, Water, Low-lands, Soil, Woods, Metals, in the Ifland
Timor. Its Trees. Cana fiftula/re* defcribed. Wild Fig- trees
defcribed. Ttvo netv. forts- of Palm-trees defcribed. The Frutts
of the Ifland. lie Herbs. Its Land Animals. Fowls. The
Kinging Bird. Its fifh. . Cockle-merchants and Oyfters. Coc\>h*
as big as a Man's Head. Its original Natives defcribed The
Portuguese and Dutch Settlements. The Malayan Language
generally fpoken here. L' Orantua on the Ifland Ende. The
Seafons, Winds, and Weather at Timor.

rH E Ifland Timor, as I have faid in my Voy-
age round the World, is about feventy
,eagues long, and fourteen or fixteen broad. It lies
early North-Eaft and South-Weft. The Middle of
: lies in about 9 d. South Lat. It has no Navigable
Livers, nor rhany; Harbours ;, but abundance of
►ays, for Ships to ride in at fome Seafons of the
rear. The Shore is very bold, free from Rocks,
hoals or Ifl.ands ; excepting, a few which are vifible,
nd therefore eafily, avoided* On the South-fide
here is a Shole laid down in. our Draughts, about
hirty Leagues from the Sou.th-Weft-end -, I was
ifteen or twenty Leagues further to the Eaft than
hat diftance, but- faw nothing of the Shole; nei-
her could I find. any. Harbour. It is a pretty even
>hore, with Sandy Bays and low Land for about
hree or four Miles up > and. then 'tis mountainous,
fhereis no Anchoring but within half a League or
l League at fartheft from the Shore ; and the low
^and that bounds the Sea, hath nothing but red

Man-

1 5 8 The IJland Timor and Anabao defcribed.

An. 1699. Mangroves, even from the Foot of the Mountah
w'V%i' till you come within a hundred and fifty or tw
hundred paces of the Sea ; and then you have San<
banks, cloath'd with a fort of Pine ; fo that thei
is no getting Water on this fide, becaufe of the Mar
groves.

At the South- Weft end of 'Timor, is a pretty hig
Ifland, called Anabao. It is about ten or tweh
Leagues long, and about four broad ; near whic
the Dutch are fettled. It lies fo near Timor, thj
'tis laid down in our Draughts as part of that Ifland
yet we found a narrow deep Channel fit for an
Ships to pafs between them. This Channel is aboi
ten Leagues long, and in fome places not above
League wide. It runs North-Eaft and South- Well
fo deep that there is no Anchoring but very nig
the Shore. There is but little Tide ; the Flood fei
ting North, and the Ebb to the Southward. A
the North-Eaft-end of this Channel, are two Point
of Land, not above a League afunder 5 one on th
South-fide upon Timor, called Copang ; the other o
the North-fide, upon the Iiland Anabao. From thi
iaft point, the Land trends away Northerly two o
three Leagues, opens to the Sea, and then bends i
again to the Weftward.

Being paft thefe Points, you open a Bay of abou
eight Leagues long, and four wide. This Bay trend
in on the South-fide North-Eaft: by Eaft from th
South-point before mentioned ; making many final
Points or little Coves. About a League to the Eat
of the faid South-point, the Dutch have a final
Stone Fort, fituated On a firm Rock clofe by th
Sea : This Fort they call Concordia. On the Eaft
fide of the Fort, there is a fmall River of frefh Wa
ter, which has a broad boarded Bridge over it, nea
to the Entry into the Fort. Beyond this River is s
fmall fandy Bay, where the Boats and Barks land anc
convey their Traffick in or out of the Fort* Abeui

The IJland Timor dejcrlbe^ *5£

hundred Yards from the Sea-fide, and as many An. 1699;
im the Fort, and forty Yards from the Bridge on V^Y^
j Eaft-fide, the Company have a fine Garden^
rounded with a good Stone-Wall ; In it is plenty
all forts of Sallads, Cabbages, Roots for the
tchen ; in fome parts of it are Fruit-trees, as
:a's, Pumplenofe, Oranges, fweet Lemons, &V.
i by the Walls are Coco-nut and Toddy-trees in
:ac plenty. Befides thefe, they have Musk and
ater-Melons, Pine-Apples, Pomecitrons, Pome-
inates, and other forts of Fruits. Between this
.rden and the River, there is a Penn for black
ttle, whereof they have plenty. Beyond the
►mpanies Ground, the Natives have their Houfes,
number about fifty or fixty. There are forty or
ty Soldiers belonging to this Fort, but I know
t how many Guns they have s For I had only op-
rtunity to fee one Baftion, which had in it four
jns. Within the Walls there is a neat little Church
Chapel.

Beyond Concordia the Land runs about ftven
sagues to the bottom of the Bay •, then it is not
ove a League and half from fide to fide, and the
md trends away Northerly to the North-Shore,
en turns about again to the Weftward, making
e South-fide of the Bay. About three Leagues
d a half from the bottom of the Bay on this fide,
ere is a frnall Ifland about a Musket-fhot from the
tore -, and a Riff of Rocks that runs from it to the
aftward about a mile. On the Weft-fide of the
and is a Channel of three Fathom at low Water,
which depth it is alfo within, where Ships may
ul in and carreen. Weft from this Iiland the Land
lunds away in a Bite or Elbow, and at laft ends in
low point of Land, which fhoots forth a Ledge of
ocks a mile into the Sea, which is dry at Low-
fater. Juft againft the low Point of Land, and
I the Weft of the Ledge of Rocks, is another pret-
ty

160 The IJIand Timor defer ibed.

'Jn.- 1699 ty high and rocky, yet woody Ifland, about half
>/Yv mile from the low Point 5 which Ifland hath a Led]
of corally Rocks running from it all along to t
other fmall Ifland, only leaving one Channel h
tween them. Many of thefe Rocks are to be fe
at Low- Water, and there feldom is Water enoiij
for a Boat to go over them till quarter Flood
more. Within this Ledge there is two or three F
thorn Water, and without it no lefs than ten
twelve Fathom clofe to the Rocks. A Leag
without this laft Rocky Ifland, is another fmall 1<
fandy Ifland, about four Miles from the low Poir
three Leagues from the Dutb-Fort Concordia, a;
three Leagues and a half from the South- Weft-poi
of the Bay. Ships that come in this way, muft p;
between this low Ifle and the low Point, keepi;
near the Ifle.

In this Bay there is any depth of Water from th
ty to three Fathom, very good oazy holding Grour
This affords the beft Shelter againft all Winds
any place about the Ifland .Timor. But from Mm
to Otlober, while either the Southerly Winds or c
ly Land and Sea-breezes hold, the Concordia Side
beft to ride in ; but when the more violent N<
.therly Winds come, then the beft riding is betwe
the two rocky Iflands in nineteen Or twenty Fatho
If you bring the Weftermoft Ifland to bear Soul
Weft by WTeft about a League diftance, and t
low Point Weft by South ; then the Body of t
fandy Ifland will bear South- Weft half Weft, diftar
two Leagues ; and the Ledges of Rocks fhooti
from each, make fuch a Bar, .that no Sea can coi
in. Then you have the Land from Weft by Sou
to Eaft-North-Eaft, to defend you on that Sid
And other Winds do not here blow violently. E
if they did, yet you are fo Land-lock'd, that th<
can be no Sea to hurt you. This Anchoring pk
is calPd Babaoi about rive Leagues from Concord

The Ifland Txmot defer iked* 161

The greateft Ineonveniency in itr is the multitude ■<*»• »&$>9.
of Worms. Here is frefh Water enough*to be had «<»V
in the wet Seafon ; every little Gull difcharging
frefri Water into die Sea. In the dry Seafon you
muft fearch for it in Handing Ponds or Gulls,
where the wild Buffaloes, Hogs, &c. refort every
Morning and Evening to drink •, where you may
lye and moot them, taking care that you go ftrong
enough and well-armed againft the Natives upon all
occafions. For though there are no Inhabitants
near this place •, yet the Malayans come in great
Companies when Ships are here ; and if they meet
with any Europeans, they kill them, of what Na-
tion foever they be, not excepting the Portugueze
themfelves. 'Tis but two Years fince a Portugueze
Ship riding here, had all the Boats crew cut off as
they were watering •, as I was inform'd by the
Dutch. . Here likewife is plenty of Fifti of feveral
forts, which may be catch'd with a Sain -, alfo Tor-
toife and Oy iters.

From the North-Eaft-point cf this Bay, on the
North-fide of the Ifland, the Land trends away
North-No rth-Eaft for four or five Leagues ; after-
ward North-Eaft or more Eafterly ; And when you
are fourteen or fifteen Leagues to the Eaftward of .
Babao, you come up with a Point that makes like
Flamborougb-Head, if you are pretty nigh the Land -,
but if at a diftance from it on either fide, it appears
Jike an Ifland. This Point is very remarkable,
;chere being none other like it in all this Ifland,
When you are abreaft of this Point, you will fee
another Point about four Leagues to the Eaftward •,
and when you are abreaft of this latter Point, you
will fee a fmall Ifland bearing Eaft or Eaft by
North ('according to your diftance from the Land,)
juft riling out of the Water : When you fee it plain,
you will be abreaft of a pretty deep fandy Bay,
which hath a point in the Middle, that comes iloap-
Vol. III. M ing

1 62 The IJland Timor defer ibed.

An. 1699 ing from tfee Mountains, with a curious Valley on
^«^Y^ each fide*: The fandy Bay runs from one Valley to
the other. You may fail into this Bay, and anchor
a little to the Eaftward of the Point in twenty Fa-
, thorn Water, half a Mile from the Shore, foft
Oaze. Then you will be about two Leagues from
the Weft-point of the Bay, and about eight Leagues
from the fmall Ifland before mentioned, which you
can fee pretty plain bearing Eafl-North-Eaft a little
Northwardly. Some other Marks are fet down in
the foregoing Chapter. In this fandy Bay you will
find frefh Water in two or three places. At Spring-
tides you will fee many Riplings, like Sholes ; but
they are only Eddies caufed by the two Points of
the Bay.

We faw Smoaks all Day up in the Mountains,
and Fires by Night, at certain places, where we
fuppofed the Natives lived, but faw none of
them.

The Tides ran between the two Points of the Bay,
very ftrong and uncertain : Yet it did not rife and
fall above nine Foot upon a Spring-tide : But it
made great Riplings and a roaring Noife ; whirling
about like Whirlpools. We had conftantly eddy
Tides under the Shore, made by the Points on each
fide of the Bay.

When you go hence to the Eaftward, you may
pafs between the fmall Ifland, and Timor; and
when you are live or fix Leagues to the Eaftward
, of the fmall Ifland, you will fee a large Valley to
the Eaftward of you ; then running a little further,
you may fee Houfes on the Bay : You may luff in,
but anchor not till you go about the next Point.
Then you will fee more Houfes, where you may run
into twenty or thirty Fathom, and anchor right a-
gainft the Houfes, neareft the Weft-end of them.
This place is called Laj)bao, It is a Portugueze

Settle-

Wtrt*

TitXIOr and otUr Jj/UnZ* betwttii iV a,rtl IN". Gvutl.e^ ^ JP,;^
I^pJaao

Thus Stun* -&& TfL ■ CWba Tt%/k. 6 Z

Zrf.W. h W.

Thus ShtutS the Jtfl . fetter Dt/t 7 X

Thus Jkews -tJu.JF/£.TerxaA±tiL

<Ifl.l*y

.ward* of

TimorShtwj

&"7- ThusJJuHVZfffJ

MX.

&andyJEJl.J).JzZ.

CY.JC.

[Bird, Jr/l<ml
2>ifb.ioZ.

ho Shew* ThuiX>.izZ.
14> .J.w £J*

Thus /W thtT/Land Cor sum Tiift.n X.
W.b.S.

LaphaO in Timor, a Portugueze Settlement. 163
Settlement, about fixtecn Leagues from the Water- An. 1699;
ing-bay. v-Of^.

There are in it about forty or fifty Houfes, and
One Church. The Houfes are mean and low, the
Walls generally made of Mud or watled, and their
Sides made up with Boards : They are all thatch'd
with Palm or Palmeto-Leaves. The Church alfo
is very fmall : The Eaft-end of it is boarded up to
the Top 5. but the Sides and the Weft-end are only
boarded three or four foot hi^h *, the' reft is all o-
pen: There is a fmall Altar id it, with two Steps
to go up to it, and an Image 6r two ; but all very
mean. 'Tis alfo thatch'd with Palm or Palmeto-
Leaves. Each Houfe has a Yard belonging to it,
fenced about with wild Canes nine or ten Foot
high. There is a Well in each Yard, and a little
Bucket with a String to it to draw Water withal
There is a Trunk of a Tree made hollow, placed
in each Well, to keep the Earth from falling in.
Round the Yards there are many Fruit-trees plants
ed •, as Coco-nuts, Tamarins and Toddy-trees.

They have a fmall Hovel by the Sea-fide, where
there are fix fmall old Iron Guns ftanding on a de-
cayed Platform, in rotten Carriages. Their Vents
are fo big, that when they are fired, the ftrength of
the Powder flying out there, they give but a fmall
Report, like that of a Musket. This is their
Court of Guard ; and here were a few armed-men
watching all the time we lay here.

The Inhabitants of the Town, are chiefly a fort
of Indians, of a Copper-colour, with black lank
Hair : They fpeak Portugueze, and are of the Ro-
mijh Religion ; but they take the Liberty to eat
Flelh when they pleafe. They value themfelves on
the account of their Religion and defcent from the
Portugueze •, and would be very angry, if a Man
mould fay they are not Portugueze : Yet I faw 'but
three White Men here, two of which were Padres.
M 2 There

?■■:.

1 64 Laphao in Timor, a Portugueze Settlement:

f^99; There are alfo a few Chinefe living here, It is a place
Y y of pretty good Trade and Strength, the belt on
this Ifland, Porta-Nova excepted. They have three
or four fmall Barks belonging to the place ; with
which they trade chiefly about the Ifland with the
Natives, for Wax, Gold, and Sandal 1-wood.
Sometimes they go to Batavia, and fetch Europe-
an Commodities, Rice, &c.

The Chinefe trade hither from Macao ; and I was
informed that about twenty Sail of fmall Veffels
come from thence hither every Year. They bring
coarfe Rice, adulterated Gold, Tea, Iron, and
Iron-tools, Porcellane, Silks, &c. They take in
exchange pure Gold, as 'tis gathered in the Moun-
tains , Bees-wax , Sandall-wood , Slaves , ($e*
Sometimes alfo here comes a Ship from Goa. Ships
that trade here, begin to come hither the latter-end
of March ; and none flay here longer than the lat-
ter-end of Augufl. For fhould they be here while
the North-North- Well Monfoon blows, no Cables
nor Anchors would hold them ; but they would be
driven afhore and dafli'd in pieces prefently. But
from March till September, while the South-South-
Eaft Monfoon blows, Ships ride here very fecure ;
For then, though the Wind often blows hard, yet
3tis off Shore ; \q that there is very fmooth Water,
and no fear of being driven afhore ; And yet even
then they moor with three Cables ; two towards the
Land, Eaftward and Weftward ; and the-third right
olt to Seaward.

As this is the fecond place. of Traffick, fo 'tis in
Strength the fecond place the Portuguese have
here, though not- capable of refilling a hundred
Men : For the Pirates that were at the Dutch Fort,
came hither alfo -, and after they had fill'd their
Water, and cut Fire-wood, and refrefh'd them-
felves, they plundered the Houfes, fet them on fire,
and went away. Yet I was told, that the Portu-

gueze.

Laphab in Timor, a Portugueze Settlement. 1 6j

gueze can draw together five or fix hundred Men in^»- 1699*
twenty four Hours time, all armed with Hand- ^^V^^
Guns, Swords and Piftols ; but Powder and Bui-
Jets are fcarce and dear. The chief Perfon they
have on the Ifland, is named Antonio Henriquez ;
They call him ufually by the Title of Cappain More
or Maior. They fay he is a white Man, and that
he was fent hither by the Vice-Roy of Goa. I di4
not fee him ; for he • lives, as I was informed, a
great way from hence, at a place call'd Porta Nova,
which is at the Eaft-end of the Iiland, and by re-
port is a good Harbour ; but they fay, that this
Captain More goes frequently to Wars in Com-
pany with the Indians that are his Neighbours and
Friends, againft other Indians that are their Enemies,
The next Man to him is Alexis Mendofa ; he is %
Lieutenant, and lives fix or {even Miles from hence,
and rules this part of the Country. He is a little
Man of the Indian-Race, Copper-coloured, with
black lank Hair. He fpeaks both the Indian and
Portugueze Languages -, is a Roman Catholick, and
(eems to be a civil brisk Man. There is another
Lieutenant at Laphao ; who is alfo an Indian ; fpeaks
both his own and the Portugueze Language very
well ; is old and infirm, but was very courteous to
me.

They boaft very much of their. Strength here*
and fay they are able at any time to drive the Butch
away from the Ifland, had they Permiffion from the
King of Portugal fo to do. But though they boaft.
thus of their Strength, yet really they are very weak i
for they have but a few fmall Arms, and but little
Powder : They have no Fort, nor Magazine of
Arms ; nor does the Vice-Roy of Goa fend them
any now : For though they pretend to be under the
King of Portugal, they are a fort of lawlefa
People, and are under no Government, It was not
long fince the, Viqe^Rpy of Goa fent; a Ship hither,
M 3 and

i 66 taphao in Timor, a Portugueze Settlement.

kf*M;699- and% Land-Officer to remain here: But Captain
yr-yw More put him in Irons, and fent him aboard the
Ship again •, telling the Commander, that he had no
occafion for any Officers ; and that he could make
better Officers here, than any that could be fent him
from Goa : And I know not whether there has been
any other Ship fent from Goa fince : So that they
have no Supplies from thence : Yet they need not
want Arms and Ammunition, feeing they trade to
Batavia, However, they have Swords and Lances
as other Indians have ; and tho* they are ambitious
to be call'd Portugueze, and value themfelves on
their Religion, yet moft of the Men and all the Wo-
men that live here, are Indians ; and there are very
few right Portugueze in any part of the Ifland.
However of thole that call themfelves Portugueze,
I was told there are fome thoufands •, and I think
their Strength confifts more in their Numbers than
in good Arms or Difcipline.

The Land from hence trends away Eaft by North
about 14 Leagues, making many Points and fandy
Bays, where VefTels may Anchor.

Fourteen Leagues Eaft from Laphao, there is a
fmall Harbour called Ckcale by the Portugueze,
and commended by them for an excellent Port ;
but it is very fmall, has a narrow Entrance, and lies
open to Northerly Winds : Though indeed there
are two Ledges of Rocks, one fhooting out from
the Weft Point, and the other from the Eaft Point,
which break off the Sea ; for the Rocks are dry at
row Water. This Place is about 60 Leagues from
the Souh-weft-end of the Ifland.

The whole of this Ifland Timor, is a very uneven
rough Country, full of Hills and fmall Valleys. In
the Middle of it there runs a Chain of high Moun-
tains, aJmoft from one end to the other. It is in-
differently well watered (even in the dry timesj with
fmall Brooks and Springs, but no great Rivers ;

the

The IJIandTimot: defer ib'd. The Cana-Fiftula Tree. 1 67

thelfland being but narrow, and fuch a Chain of f^j^
Mountains in the middle, that no Water can run far -, Vnr^
but, as the Springs break out on one fide or other
of the Hills, they make their neareft Courfe to the
Sea. In the wet Seafon, the Valleys and low Lands
by the Sea are overflown with Water *, and then the
fmall Drills that run into the Sea, are great Rivers -,
and the Gulleys, which are dry for 3 or 4 Months be-
fore, now difcharge an impetuous Torrent. The
low Land by the Sea-fide, is for the moft part fria-
ble, loofe, fandy Soil ; yet indifferently fertile and
cloathed with Woods. The Mountains are chec-
quered with Woods, and fome Spots of Savan-
nahs: Some of the Hills are wholly covered with
tall, flourifhing Trees i .others but thinly ; and
thefe few Trees that are on them, look very fmall,
rufty and withered ; and the Spots of Savannahs
among them, appear rocky and barren. Many of
the Mountains are rich in Gold, Copper, or both *
The Rains wafh the Gold out of the Mountains,
which the Natives pick up in the adjacent Brooks,
as the Spaniards do in America : How they get the
Copper, I know not.

The Trees that grow naturally here, are of divers
Sorts ', many of them wholly unknown to me j but
fuch as I have feen in America or other places, and
grow here likewife, are thefe, viz, Mangrove,
white, red and black ; Maho, Calabafh, feveral
Sorts of the Palm-kind : The Cotton-trees are not
large, but tougher than thofe in America : Here
are alfo Locuft-trees of 2 or 3 Sorts, bearing Fruit,
but not like thofe I have formerly feen ♦, thefe bear
a large white Bloflbm, and yield much Fruit,
but it is not fweet.

Cana-fiftula-trees, are very common here ; the

Tree is about the Bignefs of our ordinary Apple-

Trees ♦, their Branches not thick, nor full of Leaves,

Thefe an4 the before-mentioned, blgflbm in Otlober

M 4 an4

'*** : Cana-Mula Tm\ Wild Fig-trees.

£X^*and Novemher:> theBloflfoms are much like our Ap-
ple-Tree Bloffoms, and about that Bignefs : At firft
they are red j but before they fall off, when fpread
abroad, they are white-, fo that thefe Trees in their
Seafon appear extraordinarily pleafant, and yield
a very fragrant Smell. When the Fruit is ripe, it
is round, and about the Bignefs of a Man's Thumb ;
of a dark brown Colour, inclining to red, and a-
bout 2 Foot or 2 Foot and half long. We found
many of them under the Trees, but they had no
Pulp in them. The Partitions in the Middle, are
much at the fame- Pittance with thofe brought to
England, of the fame. Subftance, and fuch fmall flat
Seed in them : But whether they be the true Cana-
fijlula or no, I cannot tell, becaufe I found no black
Pulp in them.

The Calabafhes here are Very prickly : The Trees
grow tall and tapering y whereas in the Weft-Indies
thej are low and fpread much abroad.

Here are alfo wild "tamarind-trees, not fo large
as the true ; though much refembling them both in
the Bark and Leaf

Wild Fig-trees here are many, but not fo large as
thofe in America. The Fruit grows, not on the
Branches fingly, like thofe in America, but in Strings
and Clufters, 40 or 50 in a Clutter, about the Bo-
dy and great Branches of the Tree, from the very
Root up to the Top. Thefe Figs are about the
Bignefs of a Grab-Apple, of a greenim Colour, and
foil of fmall white Seeds ; they fmell pretty well, but
have noijuice or Tafte j they are ripe in November.

Here like wife grows Sandalwood, and many
more Sorts of Trees fit for any Ufes. The talleft
among them, referable our Pines •, they are ftreight
and clear-bodied, but not very thick ; the In fide
is.reddifh near the Heart, and hard and ponderous.

Of the Palm-kind there are 3 or 4 Sorts ; two Of
which Kmd$ I. have not feen- any where but here.
'>; ■- Both

Talm-Trees.

169

th Softs are very large, and tall. The firft Sort dn. 1699.
d Trunks of about 7 or eight Foot in Circumfe- ^"V"NJ
ice, and about 80 or 90 Eoot high. Thefe had
anches at the Top like Coco-nut-Trees, and
sir Fruit like Coco-nuts, but fmaller : The Nut
I of an oval Form, and about the Bignefs of a
jck's Egg : The Shell black and very hard,
was almoft full of Kerne], having onjy a fmaU
ipcy Space in the Middle, but no Water as -Coco-
is have. The Kernel is too hard to be eaten.
tie Fruit fomewhat refembles that in Brazil former*
mentioned. The Husk or Outfide of the- Fruit,
is very yellow, foft and pulpy, when ripe ; and
[1 of fmall Fibres ; and when it fell down from
eTree, would mam and fmell unfavoury.
The other Sort was as big and tall as theformer ;
t Body growing ftreight up without Limbs, as

Trees of the Palm-kind do : But inftead of a
eat many long green Branches growing from the
ead of the Tree, thefe had fhort Branches about
e Bignefs of a Man's Arm, and about a Foot
rig •, each of which fpread it felf into a great ma-
■ fmall tough Twigs, that hung full of Fruit like

many Ropes of Onions. The Fruit was as big

a large Plumb-, and every Tree had feveral Bufh-
> of Fruit. The Branches that bore this Fruit,
routed out at about 50 or 60 Foot heighth from
e Ground. The Trunk of the Tree was all of
le Bignefs, from the Ground to that Heighth -,
it from thence it went tapering fmaller and fmaller

the Top, where it was no bigger that a Man's
eg, ending in a Stump r And there was no Green
>out the Tree, but the Fruit ; fo that it appeared
^e a dead Trunk.

Befides Fruit-Trees, here were many Sorts of tall
reight-bodied Timber-Trees i one Sort of which,
as Itke Pine. Thefe grow plentifully all round
e Illand by the Sea-fide, but not far within Land,

*Tk

i 70 The Fruits in Timor. Its Animals. Fowls

rf»- l699'sTis hard Wood, of a reddiili Colour, and vei
**Sv^ ponderous.

The Fruits of this Ifland, are Guavoes, Mangoe
Jaca's, Coco-nuts, Plantains, Bonanoes, Pine-Apple
Citrons, Pomegranates, Oranges, Lemons, Lime
Musk-Melons, Water- Melons, Pumpkins, &c. Mi
ny of thefe have been brought hither by the DuU
and Portugueze ; and moft of them are ripe in Sej.
tember and October. There were many other exce
lent Fruits, but not now in Seafon ; as I was ii
form'd both by Butch and Portugueze.

Here I met with an Herb, which in the Weft-It
dies we call Calalaloo. It grows wild here. I eat (
it feveral Times, and found it as pleafant and whol<
fome as Spinage. Here are alfo Purfly, Sampiei
&c. Indian Corn thrives very well here, and is th
common Food of the Wanders ; though the Porti
gueze and their Friends fow fome Rice, but not ha
enough for their Subfiftenee.

The Land-Animals are Buffaloes, Beeves, Hoi
fes, Hogs, Goats, Sheep, Monkeys, Guanoes
Lizards, Snakes, Scorpions, Centumpees, &<
Befide the tame Hogs and Buffaloes, there are ma
ny wild all over the Country, which any may free
ly kill. As for the Beeves, Horfes, Goats an
Sheep, it is probable they were brought in by th
Portugueze or Butch; efpecially the Beeves; fo
I faw none but at the Butch Fort Concordia.

We alfo faw Monkeys, and fome Snakes. On
Sort yellow, and as big as a Man's Arm, and abou
4 Foot long : Another Sort no bigger than th
Stem of a Tobacco-pipe, about 5 Foot long
green all over his Body, and with a flat red Heac
as big as a Man's Thumb.

The Fowls are wild Cocks and Hens, Eagles
Hawks, Crows, 2 Sorts of Pidgeons, Turtle-doves
3 or 4 Sorts of Parrots, Parrakites, Cockatoes
Black-birds \ hefides a Multitude of fmaller Bird:

The Ringing Bird. Fijb. x 7 *

divers Colours, whofe charming Mufick makes An. 1699*
■ Woods very pleafant. One Sort of thefe prefe ^V^
Kttle Birds my Men call'd the Ringing-bird ; be-
jfe it had 6 Notes, and always repeated all his
)tes twice one after another; beginning high and
•ill and ending low. This Bird was about the,
znefs of a Lark, having a fmall fharp black Bill
d blue Wings •, the Head and Breaft were of a
le red, and there was a blue Streak about its Neck,
ere are alfo Sea or Water-Fowls, as Men of War-
rds, Boobies, Fifhing-hawks, Herons, Goldens,
•ab-catchers. &c. The tame Fowl are Cocks,
ens, Ducks, Geefe ; the 2 laft Sorts I only faw
the Dutch Forf* of the other Sort there are not
any but among the Portugueze : The Woods a-
)und with Bees, which make much Honey and

tfax

The Sea is very well ftock'd with Fifti of divers
orts, viz. Mullets, Bafs, Breames, Snooks, Mac- •
arel, Parracoots, Gar-filh, Ten-pounder^, Scut-
e-filh, String-rays, Whip-rays, Rafperages, -
lockle-merchants, or Oyfter-crackers, Cavalhes,
:onger-Eels, Rock-nfli, Dog-nfh, &c. The
Lay? are fo plentiful, that I never drew the Sain
W I catch'd fome of them ; which we faked and
ryed. I caught one whofe Tail was 1 3 Foot long,
fhe Cockle-Merchants are fhaped like Cavalhes, and
bout their Bignefs. " They feed on Shell- nfh, ha.
ring 2 very hard, thick, flat Bones in their Throat,
yith which they break in Pieces the Shells of the
fih they fwallow. We always find a great many
Shells in their Maws, crufhed in Pieces. The Shell-
ifn, are Oyfters of 3 Sorts, viz. Long-Oyfters,
:ommon Oyfters, growing upon Rocks in great
Abundance, and very flat \ and another Sort : ot
large Oyfters, fat and crooked -, the Shell of this,
lotTeafily to be diftinguifhed from a Stone. Three
pr four of thefe roafted, will fuffice a Man for one

Meal

*72 The Inhabitants in Timor.

V^^-M'eal. Cockles, as big as a Man's Head ; of whi<

■ v 2 or 3 are enough for a Meal j they are very fat ar

fweet. Craw^fifh, Shrimps* &c. Here are ah

many green Turtle,, fome Alligators and Gran<

pifces, &c.

The Original Natives of this Mand, are Indian

tkey are of a middle Stature, freight- bodied, flei

der-limb'd, long-vifag'd ; their Hair black an

lank ; their Skins very fwarthy. They are very de:

trous and nimble, but withal lazy in the highe;

Degree. They are faid to be dull in every Thin

but Treachery and Barbarity. Their Houfes ar

but low and mean, their Qoathing only a fma

Cloath about their Middle; but fome of them fo

Ornament have Frontlets of Mother of Pearl

or thin Pieces of Silver or Gold, made of an ova

Form, of the Breadth of a Crown-piece, curiouil

notched round the Edges ; Five of thefe placei

one by another a little above the Eye-brows, ma

king a fufficient Guard and Ornament for theii

Fore-head. They are fo thin, and placed on theii

^ore-heads fo artificially, that they feem rivetec

thereon : And indeed the Pearl- Oy iter- fhells make

a more fplendid Show, than either Silver or Gold

Others of them have Palmeto-caps made in diven

Forms.

As to their Marriages, they take as many Wives
asthey can maintain ; and fometimes they fell their
Children to purchafe more Wives. I enquir'd a-
bout their Religion, and was told they had none,
Their common Subfiftence is by Indian Corn,
which every Man plants for himfelf. They take-
but little Pains to clear their Land ; for in the dry
Time they fet Fire to the withered Grafs and Shrubs,
and that burns them out a Plantation for the next
wet Seafon. What other Grain they have, befide
Indian Corn, I know nat. Their Plantations are
^ry mean y for they delight moil in hunting v and

here

The Inhabitants in Timor.' 175

re are wild Buffaloes and Hogs enough, though dn< 169%
ry fhjr, becaufe of their fo frequent hunting. ^*V^5

They have a few Boats and fome Fifhermen.
heir Arms are Lances, thick round fhort
puncheons and Targets ; with thefe they hunt and
II their Game, and their Enemies too ; for this
and is now divided into many Kingdoms, and all
different Languages ; though in their Cuftoma
d Manner of living, as well as Shape and Colour,
ey feem to be of one Stock.

The chiefeft Kingdoms are Cu.pang, Amabie, Lor»
ibie, Pobumbie, Namquimal ; the Ifland alfo of A-
mabao or Anabao, is a Kingdom. Each of thefe
,th a Sultan who is fupreme in his Province and
ingdom, and hath under him feveraf Raja's and
:her inferiour Officers. The Sultans for the moft
art are Enemies to each other; which Enmities
e fomented and kept up by the Dutch, whofe Fort
id Factory is in the Kingdom of Cupafig ; and
erefore the Bay near which they are fettled, is
mmonly called Cupang-Bay. They have only
much Ground as they can keep within Reach of
eir Guns ; yet this whole Kingdom is at Peace
ith them ♦, and they freely trade together-, as alfo
ith the Wanders on Anabao, who are in Amity as
ill with the Natives of Cupang, as with the Dutch
fiding there -, but they are implacable Enemies to
ofe of Amabie, who are their next Neighbours,
id in Amity with the Portugueze : as are alfo the
ingdoms of Pobumble, Na?nquimal and Lortribie.
is very probable, that thefe 2 European Settle-
ents on this Ifland, are the greateft Qccafion of
eir continued Wars. The Portugueze. vaunt high-
of their Strength here, and that they are able at
leafure to rout the Dutch; if they had Authority
! to do from the King of Portugal •* and they have
ritten to the Vice~roy of Goa about it : And though
teir Requeft is not yet granted, yet fas they fay)

they

"x74 The Inhabitants in Timor.

An. 1699. they live in Expectation of it. Thefe haven
^ Forts, but depend on theie Alliance with the Ns
tives : And indeed they are already fo mixt, that
is hard to diftinguifh whether they are Portugueze <
Indians. Their Language is Portugueze •, and tl
Religion they have, is Romijh. They feem i
"Words to acknowledge the King of Portugal fc
their Sovereign ; yet they will not accept of an
Officers fent by him. They fpeak indifferently tl
Malayan and their own native Languages, as we
as Portugueze -, and the chiefeft Officers that I fav
were of this Sort ; neither did I fee above 3 or
white Men among them ; and of thefe, 2 we]
Priefts. Of this mixt Breed there are fome thoi
fands ; of whom fome have fmall Arms of the
own, and know how to ufe them. The chiefe
Perfon (as I before faidj is called Captain More c
Maior : He is a white Man, fent hither by the Vic<
Roy of Goa, and feems to have great Comman
here. I did not fee him -, for he feldom com<
down. His Refidence is at a Place called Porta Ni
va-, which the People at Laphao told me was
great way offj but I could not get any more part
cular Account. Some told me that he is moft con
monly in the Mountains, with an Army of Indian
to guard the PafTes between them and the Cupangw
ans, efpecially in the dry Times. The next Ma
to him is Alexis Mendofa : He is a right India)
fpeaks very good Portugueze, and is of the Romij
Religion. He lives 5 or 6 Miles from the Sea, an
is called the Lieutenant. (This is he whom I call'*
Govern our, when at Laphao.) He commands nej
to Captain More, and hath under him another s
this Fort, fat the Sea-fide) if it may be fo callec
He alfo is called Lieutenant, and is an India
Portugueze.

Befidc

The Dutch Settlement in the IJland Timoi. iy$

Befides this Mungrel-Breed of Indians and Vortu-An. 1699:
eze, here are alfo fome Cbina-Men> Merchants U^TM
>m Maccao : They bring hither coarfe Rice, Gold,
ea, Iron-work, Porcelane, and SiJk both wrought
d raw : They get in Exchange pure Gold as it is
re gather'd, Bees-wax, Sandall-Wood, Coire, &c,
is faid there are about 20 fmall China Veffels
•me hither every Year from Maccao ; and corn-
only one Veffel a Year from Goa, which brings
nropean Commodities and Callicoes, Mullins, 6?r.
ere are likewife fome fmall Barks belonging to this
'ace, that trade to Batavia, and bring from thence
>th European and Indian Goods and Rice. The
sffels generally come here in March , and flay till
ptember.

The Dutch, as I before faid, are fetled in the
ingdom of Cupang, where they have a fmall neat
one Fort. It feems to be pretty ftrong ; yet, as
was informed, had been taken by a French Pirate
•out 2 Years ago : The Dutch were ufed verv bar*
.roufly, and ever fince are very jealous of any
rangers that come this Way \ which I my felf ex-
:rienced. Thefe depend more on their own
rength than on the Natives their Friends ; having
>od Guns, Powder, and Shot enough on all Occa-
ms, and Soldiers fufficient to manage the Bufinefs
:re, all well difciplin'd and in good Order ;
tiich is a Thing the Portugueze their Neighbours
e altogether deftitute of, they having no Europe-
i Soldiers, few Arms> lefs Ammunition, and their
ort confifting of no more than 6 bad Guns plant-
l againft the Sea, whofe Touch-holes fas was be*
>re obfervedj are fo enlarg'd by Time, that a great
art of the Strength of the Powder flies away there ;
id having Soldiers in pay, the Natives on all Oc-
.fions are hired ; and their Government now is fo
ofe, that they will admit of no more Officers* from
ortugal or Goa, They have alfo little or no Supply

176 The Dutch Settlement in the IJland Timo

A&, 1699 of Arms or Ammunition from thence, but bu)
*s~Y^ as often as they can, of the Dutch, Cbinefe, I
So that upon the whole it feems improbable t
they mould ever attempt to drive out the Dm
for fear of loofing themfelves, notwithftand
their boafted Prowefs and Alliance with the Nativ
And indeed, as far as I could learn, they have 3
finefs enough to keep their own prefent Territo
from the Incurfions of the Cupangayans ; who
Friends to the Dutch, and whom doubtlefs the Di
-have ways enough to preferve in their Friendfh:
befides that they have an inveterate Malice to tl
Neighbours, infomuch that they kill all they m<
and bring away their Heads in Triumph. 1
great Men of Cupang flick the Heads of th
they have killed, on Poles •, and fet them on
Tops of their Houfes ; and thefe they efteem ab<
all their other Riches. The inferiour Sort br
the Heads of thofe they kill, into Houfes m;
-for that Purpoie ; of which there was one at
Indian Village near the Fort Concordia, almoft J
of Heads, as I was told. I know not what Eno
ragement they have for their Inhumanity.

The Dutch have always 2 Sloops belonging
their Fort •, in thefe they go about the Ifland, 2
trade with the Natives ; and, as far as I co
learn, they trade indifferently with them all. I
though the Inland People are at war with each
ther, yet thofe by the Sea-fide feem to be little d
cerned ; and, generally fpeaking the Malayan L
guage, are very fociable and eanly induced to tn
with thofe that fpeak that Language ; which
Dutch here always learn -, Befides, being well
quainted with the Treachery of thefe People, tl
go well arm*d among them, and are very vigil
never to give them an Opportunity to hurt ther
and it is very probable that they fupply them w
fuch Goods., as the Portuguese cannot.

Lorantuca,

177

The Malayan Language, as I have before faid, is 4n. itpg;
generally fpoken amongft all the Ifiands hereabouts. i-/^V^w
rhe greater the Trade is, the more this Language
s fpoken : In fome it is become their only Lan-
guage ; in others it is but little fpoken, and that
)y the Sea-fide only. With this Language the Ma-
wnetan Religion did fpread it felf, and was got hi-
her before any European Chriftians came : But now,
hough the Language is ftill ufed, the Mahometan
teligion falls, where-ever the Portugueze or Dutch
re fettled ; unlefs they be very weak, as at Solor
nd Ende, where the chief Language is Malayan,
nd the Religion Mahometanifm ; though the Dutch
re fettled at Solor, and the Portugueze at the Eaft-
nd of the Ifland Ende, at a Place called Lorantuca •,
rhich, as I was informed, is a large Town, hath a
iretty ftrong Fort and fafe Harbour. The chief
/Ian there (as at 'Timor) is called Captain More, and
i as abfolute as the other. Thefe 2 principal Men
re Enemies to each other ; and by their Letters and
/teflages to Goa, inveigh bitterly againft each other ;
nd are ready to do all the ill Offices they can; yet
either of them much regards the Vice-Roy of Goa,
si was inform'd. .

L* Orantuca is faid to be more populous then
ny Town on Timor ; the Ifland Ende affording great-
r Plenty of all manner of Fruit, and being much
etter fupplied with all NecerTaries, than Laphao ;
fpecially with Sheep, Goats, Hogs, Poultry, &V.
ut it is very dangerous getting into this Harbour,
ecaufe of the violent Tides, between the Ifiands
Inde-ind. Solor. In the middle Channel between It-
tor and the Range of Ifiands to the Northward of
:, whereof Ende and Solor are 2, there runs a con-
:ant Current all the Year to theWeftward ; though
ear either Shore there are Tides indeed ; but the
Adc of Flood, which fets Weft, running 8 or 9
lours, and the Ebb not exceeding 2 or 4 Hours,

Vol. HI, N the

1 7 % The Weather and Seafons in Timoi-r

An. 1 699. the Tide in fome Places rifeth 9 or 10 Foot on a
U^Y^»' Spring.

The Seafons of the Year here at Timor, are much

the fame as in other Places in South Latitude. The

fair Weather begins in April or May, and continues

to October, then the Tornadoes begin to come, but

no violent bad Weather till the Middle of 'December,

Then there are violent Weft or North- Weft Winds,

with Rain, till towards the Middle of February,

In May the Southerly Winds fet in, and blow very

ftrong on the North-fide of the Ifland, but fair,

There is great Difference of Winds on the 2 Sides

of the Ifland : For the Southerly Winds are bul

very faint on the South-fide, and very hard on the

North-fide -, and the bad Weather on the South-fide

comes in very violent in Otlober^ which on the

North- fide comes not till December. You have verj

good Sea and Land-breezes, when the Weather i

fair > and may run indifferently to the Eaft or Weft

as your Bufinefs lies. We found from September tc

December the Winds veering all round the Compaf

gradually in 24 Hours Time *, but fuch a conftan

Weftern Current, that it's much harder getting t<

the Eaft than Weft at or near Spring Tides : Whicl

I have more than once made Tryal off. For weigh

ing from Babao at 6 a Clock in the Morning on th

1 2th Inftant, we kept plying under the Shore til

the 20th, meeting with fuch a Weftern Current

that we gain'd very little. We had Land and Sea

breezes •, but fo faint, that we could hardly ften

the Current ; and when it was calm between th

Breezes, we drove a-Stern fafter than ever we fail

ed a- Head,

CHAT

"Departure from Timor.

179

An. 1699I

chap. m.

Departure from Timor. The IJlands Omba and Fetreri A L ..,
/»£ Ifland. Their miffing the Turtle- Ifles. Bande-7/fo. Bird-
J/J*»</. r£ry defcry the Coaji of New-Guinea. They anchor
on the Coafi of New-Guinea. A defcription of the Place, and
of a firange Fowl found there. Great quantities of Mackerel.
A white IJland. They anchor at an Ifland called by the In-
habitants Pulo Sabuda. A defcription of it, and its Inhabi-
tantsy and Product. The Indians manner of Fifhing there.
Arrival at Mabo, the North-Weft Cape of New-Guinea. A
Defcription of it. Cockle- Ifland. Cockles of feventy-eight
pound Weight. Pidgeon- Ifland. The Winds hereabouts, An
empty Cockle- (hell weighing two hundred fifty-eight Pound. King
William's Iflandi A Defcription of it. Plying on the Coafi of
New-Guinea, Fault of the Draughts. Providence Ifland.
They crofs the Line. A Sna\e purfued by Fifh. Squally Ifland.
The Main of New-Guinea.

ON the 1 2th of December 1699, we failed from
Babao, coafting along the Ifland 'Timor to the
iaftward, towards New Guinea. It was the 20th
>efore we got as far as Laphao, which is but forty
-eagues. We faw black Clouds in the North-¥/eft5
nd expected the Wind from that Quarter above a
tfonth fooner.

That Afternoon we faw the opening between the
flands Omba and Fetter, but feared to pafs through
n the Night. At two a Clock in the Morning, ic
eJl calm ; and continued fo till Noon, in which
ime we drove with the Current back again South-
well fix or feven Leagues.

On the 22d, fleering to the Eaftward to get
hrough between Omba and Fetter, we met a very
trong Tide againft us, fo that we, although we had
. very frefh Gale, yet made way very flowly •, yet
>efore Night, got through. By a good Qbfervati-
N 2 on

iso

A burning Ifland.

An. 1699. on we found that the South-Eafbpoint of Omba lies
^y^1 in Latitude 8 d. 25 m. In my Draughts it's laid
down in 8 deg. 10 min. My true Courfe from Babao,
is Eaft, 25 deg. North, diftance one hundred eigh-
ty three miles. We founded feveral times when
near Omba, but had no ground. On the North-
Eaft point of Omba we {aw four or five Men, and a
little further three pretty Houfes on a low Point,
but did not go afhore.

At five this Afternoon, we had a Tornado, whicr
yielded much Rain, Thunder and Lightning •, ye'
we had but little "Wind. The 24th in the Morning
we catched a large Shark, which gave all the Ship:
Company a plentiful Meal.

The 27th we faw the burning Ifland, it lies ir
Latitude 6 deg. 36 min. South ; it is high, and bui
fmall. It runs from the Sea a little Heaping toward;
the Top ; which is divided in the Middle into twe
Peaks, between which iffued out much Smoak : ]
have not feen more from any Vulcano. I faw n(
Trees ; but the North-fide appeared green, and th<
reft look'd very barren.

Having paft the burning Ifland, I fhap'd m]
Courfe for two Iflands called Turtle Ijles, which ly<
North- Eaft by Eaft a little Eafterly, and diftant a
bout fifty Leagues from the burning Ifle. I fearing
the Wind might veer to the Eaftward of the North;
fteered 20 Leagues North-Eaft, then North-Eaf
by Eaft. On the 28 th we faw two fmall low Iflands
calted Luca-parros, to the North of us. At Noor
I accounted my Mf 20 Leagues fhort of the Turtl

#"■ "...

1 he next Morning, being in the Latitude of th<
Turtle Iflands, we look'd out fharp for them, bui
faw no appearance of any Ifland, till 11 a Clock
when we faw an Ifland at a great diftance. At firfl
we fuppofed it might be one of the Turtle IJles
But it was not laid down true, neither in Latitud<

noj

The Tmt\e-lJ1es. Khd-I/!and. 1 8 *

nor Longitude from the burning IJle, nor from the f^^l
Luca-parros, which laft I took to be a great help to ^v^
guide me, they being laid down very well from the
Burning IJle, and that likewife in true Latitude and
diftance from Omba : So that I could not tell what
to think of the Ifland now in fight •, we having had
fair Weather, fo that we could not pafs by the Turtle
IJles without feeing them •, and This in fight was
much too far off for them. We found Variation
i deg. 2 min. Eaft, In the Afternoon I fleered
North -Eaft by Eaft for the Iflands that we faw.
At 2 a Clock I went and look'd over the Fore-yard,
and faw 2 Iflands at much greater diftance than the
Turtle Iflands are laid down in my Draughts ; one of
them was a very high peak'd Mountain, cleft at
Top, and much like the burning IJland that we paft
by, but bigger and higher ; the other was a pretty
long high flat Ifland. Now I was certain that thefe
were not the Turtle I/lands, and that they could be
no other than the Bande-IJles •, yet we fleered in, to
make them plainer. At 3 a Clock we difcovered
another fmall flat Ifland to the North- We ft of the
others, and faw a great deal of Smoak rife from the
Top of the high Ifland; At 4 we faw other fmali
Iflands, by which I was now affured that thefe were
the Bande-IJles there. At 5 I altered my Courfe and
fleered Eaft, and at 8 Eaft-South-Eaft ; ^ becaufe I
would not be feen by the Inhabitants of thofe 1-
(lands in the Morning. We had little Wind all
Night •, and in the Morning as foon as 'twas Light,
we faw another high peak'd Ifland : At 8 it bore
South-South-Eaft half Eaft, diftance 8 Leagues,
And this I knew to be Bird-Ijle. 'Tis laid down in
our Draughts in Latitude 5 deg. 9 min. South*
which is too far Southerly by 27 Miles according to
our Obfervation \ And the like Error in laying down
the Turtle-IJlands, might be the Occasion of our
miffing them,

N 3 At

182 A Spout. Coafi of New-Guinea;

An. 1699. At night I fhortned Sail, for fear of coming to©
SOT*" nigh fome Iflands, that ftretch away bending like a
half Moon from Ceram towards Timor ^ and which in
my Courfe I muft of necefiity pafs through. The
next Morning betimes, I faw them ; and found them
to be at a farther diftance from i&W-Ifland, than I
expe&ed. In the Afternoon it fell quite calm ; and
when we had a little Wind, it was fo unconftant,
flying from one Point to another, that I could not
without difficulty get through the Iflands where I de-
figned : Befides, I found a Current fetting to the
Southward ; fo that it was betwixt 5 and 6 in the
Evening, before I paft through the Iflands ; and
then juft weathered little Waiela, whereas I thought
to have been 2 or 3 Leagues more Northerly. We
faw the day before, betwixt 2 and 3, a Spout but
a fmall diftance from us. It fell down out of a black
Cloud, that yielded great ftore of Rain, Thunder
and Lightning : This Cloud hovered to the South-
ward of : .us for the fpace of three Hours, and then
drew to the Weft ward a great pace •, at which time
it was that we faw the Spout, which hung faft to
the Cloud till it broke ; and then the Cloud whirl'd
about to the South-Eaft, then to Eaft-North-Eaft ;
where meeting with an Ifland, it fpent it felf and fo
difperfed ; and immediately we had a little of the
Tail of it, having had none before. Afterward we
faw a Smoak on the Ifland Kofiway, which con-
tinued till Night.

^ On New- years-day we firft defcribed the Land of
New-Guinea, which appear' d to be high Land : And
the next day we faw feveral high Iflands on the Coaft
of New-Guinea, and ran in with the main Land.
The Shore here lies along Eaft-South-Eaft and
Weft-North- Weft.- It is high even Land, very
well cloathed with tall flourifhing Trees, which
appear'd very green, and gave us a very pleafant
Profpecl. We ran to the Weftward of four moun-
tainous

KHZ. INew Gourtxea ' _p.z#a

XhtU Shtutf 3&rt of ' Xew G-iuaaea Zrdfr.j . z,o J. Z>. 6Z ■

•Ttfuj Ji^«^" *^ J ZflanJj

Jkrt and Skew* Thus

S.JS.jZ,

Pairt o£ ;N*ew

ox 4. 6 - 3
Znatifh Jlftlej

3Thttj Jheuxi the Zand, Ztf.JC.of tht 'Wairin.a 3?la,c&

■u4tit& Zfland.

Thus Jhtufit ihe- Zflands 5abudaj _Z>. .f X
S.W.i W.±W. w.b.J.

Coaft of NlGuinea; Afirange Bird. 1 8 3

tainous Iflands ; And in the Night had a fmall Tor- f^9:
nado, which brought with it fome Rain and a fair
Wind. We had fair Weather for a long time ;
only when near any Land, we had fome Tornadoes;
but off, at Sea, commonly clear Weather; though
if in fight of Land, we ufually faw many black
Clouds hovering about it.

On the 5th and 6th of January, we plied to get
in with the Land ; defigning to anchor, fill Water,
and fpend a little time in fearching the Country, till
after the change of the Moon ; For I found a
ftrong Current fetting againft us. We anchor'd
in 38 Fathom Water, good oazie Ground. We
had an Ifland of a League long without us, about
3 Miles diftant ; and we rode from the Main about
a Mile. The Eaftermoft Point of Land feen, bore
Eaft by South half South, diftance 3 Leagues :
And the Weftermoft, Weft-South-Weft half South,
diftance 2 Leagues. So foon as we anchor'd, we
fent the Pinnace to look for Water, and try if they
could catch any Fifh. Afterwards we fent the
Yawle another way to fee for Water. Before Night
the Pinnace brought on board feveral forts of Fruits,
that they found in the Woods, fuch as I never faw
before. One of my Men killed a ftately Land-
Fowl, as big as the largeft Dunghil-Cock. It was of
a Sky-colour ; only in the middle of the Wings was
a white Spot, about which were fome reddifh Spots :
On the Crown it had a large Bunch of long Fea*
thers, which appeared very pretty. His Bill was,
like a Pidgeons ; he had ftrong Legs and Feet, like
Dunghil-Fowls *, only the Claws were reddifh. His
Crop was full of fmall Berries. It lays an Egg as
big as a large Hen's Egg •, for our Men climb'd the
Tree where it nefted, and brought off one Egg,
They found Water ; and reported that the Trees
were large, tall and very thick ; and that they faw
no fign of People, At night the Yawle came a-
N 4 board*-

} H The Coaft of New-Guinea.

-^99- board, and brought a wooden Fiffgigg, very in ee-
moufly made ; the Matter of it was a fmall Cane ;
They found it by a fmall Barbecue, where they
alio faw a fhatter'd Canoa. 3

The next Morning I fent the Boatfwain afhore a
fifhing and at one Haul he catcht 352 Mackarels,
and about 20 other Fillies ; which I caufed to be
equally divided among all my Company. I fent al-
io the Gunner and chief Mate, to fearch about if
they could find convenient anchoring nearer a Wa-
tering-place : By night they brought word that they
had found a fine Stream of good Water, where the
Boat could come clofe to, and it was very eafie to be
hll'd i and that the Ship might anchor as near to it
as I pleas'd : So I wenttftither. The next Mornins:
tnereiore we anchored in 2/5 Fathom Water, foft
oaz-ie Ground, about a Mile from the River • We
got on board 3 Tun of Water that Night ; and
caught 2 or 3 Pike-Mi, in fhape much like a Par-
racota, but with a longer Snout, fomething refemb-
Img a Garr, yet not fo long. The next day I fent
the Boat again for Water, and before night all my
Casks were full ■• J

Having fill'd here about 15 Tuns of Water, fee-
ing we could catch but little Fifh, and had no other
Kefrefhments, I intended to fail next day ; but
finding that we wanted Wood, I fent to cut fome ;
and going afhore tohaften it, at fome diftance from
the place where our Men were, I found a fmall
Cove, where I faw two Barbecues, which appear'd
not to be above 2 Months Handing : The Spam were
cut with. fome fiiarp Inftrument ; fo that, if done by
the Natives, it feems that they have Iron. On the
10th, a little after 12 a-Clock, we weighed and
ftoQ'd over to the North-fide of the Bay ; and at 1
a-Clock flood out with the Wind at North and
^rth-North-VvVt. At 4 we paft out by a
White Ifland, which I lb named from its many

white

•Vb-L-ia , &trt 2, . Damp . toy -p < *$4 <

.-Y°J

This Fish Jins B^tail are Hew on y edyes 8Credin-th*
middU with bUw spots *<n*ry**4y. buty'^elly white

2-S*

APihilish Confer on y Coast of Mew Ctnni<i

This tfis-h is apale rU with Hew spots on y ^ody rke
totuf Z*il Hew iny midle 8£ white on y side ■

Inhabitants on the Coaft of New-Guinea. 185

ike Cliffs, having no name in our Draughts. It An. 1699.
about a League Jong, pretty high, and very u^V>J
iody : 'Tis about 5 Miles from the Main, only at
: Weft-end it reaches within 3 Miles of it. At
ne diftance off at Sea, the Well-point appears
e a Cape-land ; The North- fide trends away
>rth-North-Weft5< and the Eaft-fide Eaft-South-
ft. This Ifland lies in Latitude 3 degrees 4 min.
ith •, and the Meridian Diftance from Babao, 500
i 12 Miles Eaft. After we were out to Sea, we
id to get to the Northward ; but met with fuch
trong Current againft us, that we got but little,
r if the Wind favour'd us in the night, that we
: 3 or 4 Leagues ; we loft it again, and were dri-
1 as far aftern next Morning ; fo that we plyed
e feveral Days.
rhe 14th, being paft a point of Land that we

been 3 Days getting about, we found little or
Current ; fo that having the Wind at North-
ft by Weft and Weft-North- Weft, we flood to
Northward, and had feveral Soundings: At
-Clock, 38 Fathom ; the neareft part of New-
nea being about 3 Leagues diftance : At 4, 37 ;
, 36 5 at 6, 36 ; at 8, 33 Fathom ; Then the
e was about 4 Leagues diftant 5 fo that as we
off, we found our Water fhallower. We had
1 fome Iflands to the Weftward of us, at about
' Leagues diftance.

■ little after noon we faw Smokes on the L
Is to the Weft of us ; and having a fine Gale
Wind, I fleered away for them : At 7 a-Clock
he Evening we anchored in 35 Fathom, a-
: two Leagues from an Ifland, good foft oazie
md. We lay ftill all night, and faw Fires afhore.
ie Morning we weighed again, and ran farther
hmking to have fhallower Water •, but we ran
in a Mile, of the Shore, and came to in 38 Fa-
I good foft holding Ground, While we were

under

i%6 IJlands on the Coaft of N. Guinea:

TAn. 1 699. under Sail, 2 Canoes came off within call of u

f'V^v They fpoke to us, but we did not underftand th<

Language, nor Signs. We wav'd to them to cor

aboard, and I call'd to them in the Malayan La

guage to do the fame •, but they would not ; y

they came fo nigh us, that we could fhew the

fuch Things as we had to truck with them •, 1

neither would this entice them to come aboard •, b

they made Signs for us to come afhore, and aw

they went. Then I went after them in my Pinna<

carrying with me Knives, Beads, Glaflfes, Hate

ets, &c. When we came near the Shore, I call

to them in the Malayan Language : I faw but 2 M

at firft, the reft lying in Ambufh behind the Bu:

es ; but affoon as I threw afhore fome Knives a

other Toys, they came out, flung down their W

pons, and came into the Water by the Boat's Si<

making Signs of Friendfhip by pouring Water

their Heads with one Hand, which they dipt ii

the Sea. The next Day in the Afternoon feve

other Canoas came aboard, and brought mi

Roots and Fruits, which we purchas'd.

This Ifland has no Name in our Draughts, 1
the Natives call it Pulo Sahuda. It is about
Leagues long, and 2 Miles wide, more or lefs.
is of a good Heighth, fo as to be feen 1 1 or
Leagues. It is very Rocky -, yet above the Ro
there is good yellow and black Mould *, not de
yet producing plenty of good tall Trees, and |
ring any Fruits or Roots which the Inhabitants pis
I do not know all its Produce j but what we f
were Plantains, Coco-Nuts, Pine-Apples, Oranj
Papaes, Potatoes, and other large Roots. ¥.
are alfo another fort of wild Jaca's, about the 1
nefs of a Mans two Fifts, full of Stones or Kerr
which eat fpleafanc enough when roafted.
Libby Tree grows here in the Swampy Valleys,
which they make Sago Cakes : I did not fee tl

Viri JII.Htrir%.

Thu&tsh is ofitpaU ^^gdZparts of

^Jyg£ take^on^y Const- of
Vew Cturtea,

Stnzruje Sc
in tftw Cuin&a.

This JZirdj JCyc u
%ja^ <z 2h*i<fht r-ed-

Place -this 2ty* id J

IJlandson theCoaft of N. Guinea. 187

ke any, but was rold by the Inhabitants that it An. 1699*
i made of the Pith of the Tree, in the fame Man- ^VNi

I have defcribed in my Voyage round the.
)rld. They fhew'd me the Tree whereof it was
de, and I bought about 40 of the Cakes. I
jght alfo 3 or 4 Nutmegs in their Shell, which
. not feem to have been long gathered ; but
ether they be the Growth of this Ifland or not,

Natives would not tell whence they had them,
1 feem'd to prize them very much. What Beads
: Ifland affords, I know not : But here are both ,
I and Land-Fowl. Of the firft, Boobies and
;n of War-Birds are the chief •, fome Goldens,
1 fmall Milk-white Crab-catchers. The Land-
ris are Pidgeons, about the Bignefs of Mountain-
igeons in Jamaica •, and Crows about the Bignefs

thofe in England, and much like them ; but the
ler Part of their Feathers are white, and the Out-
e black ; fo that they appear all black, unlefs
u extend the Feathers. Here are large Sky-co-
ir'd Birds, fuch as we lately kill'd on New Gui-
1 •, and many other fmall Birds, unknown to us.
ere are likewife Abundance of Bats, as big as
iung Coneys ; their Necks, Head, Ears and No-
I like Foxes ; their Hair rough -, that about
sir Necks, is of a whitifh yellow, that on their
eads and Shoulders black ; their Wings are 4 Foot
'er, from Tip to Tip: They fmell like Foxes.
he Fifh are Bafs, Rock-fifh, and a Sort of Fifh
Le Mullets, Old-wives, Whip-rays, and fome O'-
er Sorts that I know not, but no great Plenty of
ly ; for 'tis deep Water till within iefs than a Mile
[ the Shore ; then there is a Bank of Coral Rocks,
ithin which you have Shoal Water, white clean
md : So there is no good Fifhing with the Sain.

This Ifland lies in Latitude 2 deg. 43 min. South5
id Meridian diftance from Port Babao on the Ifland
imor, 48(5 Miles. Befides this Ifland, here are 9

1 8 S The Inhabitants of the New-Guinea ljland
^.1699. or 10 other fmall Iflands, as they are laid down
W*w tne Draughts.

The Inhabitants of this Ifland are a Sort of v<

tawny Indians, with long black Hair ; who in th

Manners differ but little from the Mindanayans, a

©thereof thefe Eaftern Iflands. Thefe feem to

the chief; for befides them we faw alfo fhock cu

pated New-Guinea Negroes-, many of which ;

Slaves to the others, but I think not all. They 1

very poor, wear no Cloaths, but have a Clout

bout their Middle, made of the Rinds of the Tc

of Palmeto Trees ; but the Women had a Sort

Callicoe-Cloaths. Their chief Ornaments are Bl

and Yellow-Beads, worn about their Wrifts. T

Men arm themfelves with Bows and Arrov*

Lances, broad Swords like thofe of Mindana,

their Lances are pointed with Bone. They ftrr

Filh very ingenioufly with wooden Fifs-gigs, ai

have a very ingenious way of making the Filh rifi

For they have a Piece of Wood curioufly carv'd ai

painted much like a Dolphin ('and perhaps other I

gures ; j thefe they let down into the Water by

Line with a fmall Weight to fink it ; when th<

think it low enough, they haul the Line into the

Boats very faft, and the Fifh rife up after this F

gure ; and they ftand ready to ftrike them wh<

they are near the Surface of the Water. But the

chief Livelihood is from their Plantations. Y

they have large Boats, and go over to New- Guinei

where they get Slaves, fine Parrots, 6?V. whk

they carry to Coram and exchange for Callicoe

One Boat came from thence a little before I arriv'

here -, of whom I bought fome Parrots ; and woul

have bought a Slave, but they would not barter fc

any Thing but Callicoes, which I had not. The:

Houfes on this Side were very fmall, and feem'd or

ly to be for Neceffity •, but on the other Side of th

Jftwd we law gqod large Houfes, Their Proes ar

mrtm

•-<vl:Hi. ^art 2, J)a4np . /^ .
3E&U 2X. ' "-- 3S"e-w Guinea

&r.w,h.w.6x.

ef^e^M

part of -» Gmaaea Z^t. z , J

S b.W.jZ

tyffcJfi. uyjztme. aj ahvwand makes thu,s *r +k* I

m.% M§t': _

S S.W SZ.

TV. S. W. 6Z.

^J head uyWmojl he.

toy £Y. w. ward of «'t

rtwb.w. SZ.

Whenytuw havifrt.rnylhtad-cfJUeJrd. W.J. w.fZ. that iap* cftUk&L
and/ntm? rflfUnds a-b*ut fjZ^t%hfsjUe- or CapeJUah, shewetfi as a

w. w. t>.jV4 sv".

ar.y.

Tf-Z'.b.W.izZ.

ZfL.&r.ar.z-.jZ.

Coafl of New-Guinea: i %9

row with Outlagers on each Side, like other Ma-^^99-
ins. I cannot tell of what Religion thefe are j "^W^
■ I think they are not Mahometans, by their drink-
Brandy out of the fame Cup with us without
r Scruple. At this Ifland we continued till the
ch Inftant, having laid in Store of fuch Roots
1 Fruits as the Ifland afforded.
On the 20th, at half Hour after 6 in the Morn-
', I weigh'd, and (landing out we faw a large
at full of Men lying at the North-point of the 1-
nd. As we pafled by, they rowed towards their
ibitations, where we fuppofed they had withdrawn
>mfelves for fear of us ftho' we gave them no
!ufe of Terrour,) or for fome Differences among
emfelves.

We flood to the Northward till 7 in the Evening ;
?n faw a Ripling ; and the Water being difcolour-
, we founded, and had but 22 Fathom. I went a-
»ut and flood to the Weflward till 2 next Morning,
en tack'd again, and had thefe feveral Soundings :
t8 in the Evening, 22 ; at 10, 25 •, at 11, 27 -,
12, 28 Fathom ; at 2 in the Morning 26 ; at 4,
\.-, at 6, 23 -, at 8, 28 •, at 12, 22.
We parted by many fmall Iflands, and among many
ingerous Shoals, without any remarkable Occur-
nce, till the 4th of February, when we got within
Leagues of the North- Weft Cape of New-Guinea,
lied by the Dutch Cape Mabo. Off this Cape there
I a fmall woody Ifland, and many Iflands of dif-
rent Sizes to the North and North-Eafl of it.
'his Part of New Guinea is high Land, adorn'd
ith tall Trees that appeared very green and flou-
fhing. The Cape it felf is not very high, but
ids in a low fharp Point i and on either Side there
ppears another fuch Point at equal Diflances,
ilich makes it refemble a Diamond. This only ap-
ears when you are abreaft of the middle Point -,

and

ipo The Qoafi of New-Guinea;

^i699and then you have no Ground within 3 Leagues
^w the Shore.

In the Afternoon we paft by the Cape, and floe
over for the Iflands. Before it was dark, we we
got within a League of the Weflermoft ; but hi
no Ground with 50 Fathom of Line. Howev
fearing to fland nearer in the dark, we tack'd ar
flood to the Eafl, and pjyed all Night. The nl
Morning we were got 5 or 6 Leagues to the Eaf
ward of that Ifland ; and having the Wind Eafte
ly, we Hood in to the Northward among the
flands; founded, and had no Ground. Then
fent m my Boat to found, and they had Groun
with 50 Fathom near a Mile from the Shore. W
tack'd before the Boat came aboard again, for fea
of a Shoal that was about a Mile to the Eaft of thj
Ifland the Boat went to •, from whence alfo a Shoa]
point ftretched out it i~df till it met the other : The
brought with them fuch a Cockle, as I have mentio
ned in my Voyage round the World, found near Ce
leoes ■, and they faw many more, fome bigger thai
that which they brought aboard, as they Sid ; an<
for this Reafon I named it CW&^-Ifland. I fen
them to found again, ordering them to lire a Muf
quet if they found good anchoring ; we were thei
ftanding to the Southward, with a fine Breeze. Af
loon as they fired, I tack'd and flood in : The)
told me they had 50 Fathom when they fired. ]
tack'd again, and made all the Sail I could to gel
out, being near fome Rocky Iflands and Shoals tc
Leeward of us. The Breeze increafed, and ]
~ thought we were out of Danger ; but havins a
Shoal juft by us, and the Wind falling again, I or-
dered the Boat to tow us, and by their Help we sot
clear from it, We had a ftrong Tide fettinp; to the
Weitwurd.

Cockle- IJland on the Coaft of N. Guinea^ 1 9 i

it 1 a-Clock, being paft the Shoal, and finding^. 1699,
Tide fetting to the Weflward, I anchor'd in 35 ^V^J.
bom, coarfe Sand, with fmall Coral and Shells.
ig neareft to Cockle-Iftand, I immediately fent
h°the Boats thither •, one to cut Wood, and the
er to fifti. At 4 in the Afternoon, having a
ill Breeze at South-South- Weft, I made a Sign
my Boats to come aboard. They brought fome
Dod, and a few fmall Cockles, none of them ex-
ding J o Pound weight ; whereas the Shell of the
at one weighed 78 Pound ; but it was now high
iter, and therefore they could get no bigger,
ey alio brought on Board fome Pidgeons, of
ich we found Plenty on all the Iflands where we
ich'd in thefe Seas. Alfo in many Places we faw
ny large Batts, but kill'd none, except thofe I
ntion'd at Pulo Sabuda. As our Boats came a-
ird, we weigh'd and made Sail, fleering Eaft-
uth-Eaft as long as the Wind held : In the Morn-
r we found we had got 4 or 5 Leagues to the Eaft
'the Place where we weighed. We flood to and
> till 1 1 ; and finding that we loft Ground, an-
or'd in 42 Fathom, coarfe gravelly Sand, with
ne Coral. This Morning we thought we faw a

In the Afternoon I went afhore on a fmall woody
and, about 2 Leagues from us. Here I found
e greateft Number of Pidgeons that ever I faw
her in the Eaft or Weft-Indies, and fmall Cockles .
the Sea round the Iiland, in fuch Quantities^ that
1 might have laden the Boat in an Hour's Time :
hefe were not above 10 or 12 Pound Weight. We
it fome Wood, and brought off Cockles enough
•r all the Ship's Company -, but having no fmall •
tiot, we could kill no Pidgeons. I return'd about
a-Clock ; and then my Gunner and both Mates
ent thither, and in lefs than 3 quarters of an Hour
iey kill'd and brought off 10 Pidgeons. Here is a -
y 5 Tide:

*92 Large Cockles.

An. 1 699. Tide : The Flood fets Weft and the Ebb Eaft ; bi
"^^ the latter is very faint, and but of fmall Contim
ance. And fo we found it ever fmce we came fro
Timor. The Winds we found Eafterly, betwee
North-Eaft and Eaft-South-Eaft i fo that if the
continue, it is impoffible to beat farther to theEaf
ward on this Coaft againft Wind and Curren
Thefe Eafterly Winds encreafed from the Time a
were in the Latitude of about 2 deg. South ; and
we drew nigher the Line, they hung more Eafterl]
„ And now being to the North of the Continent (
New Guinea, where the Coaft lies Eaft and Weft,
find the Trade-wind here at Eaft •, which yet i
higher Latitudes is ufually at North-North- Weft an
North- Weft ; and fo I did expecl: them here, it be
ing to the South of the Line.

The 7th in the Morning I fent my Boat afhore o
Pidgeon- I/land, and ftaid till Noon. In the After
noon my Men returned, brought 22 Pidgeons, am
many Cockles, fome very large, fome fmall : The^
alfo brought one empty Shell, that weigh'd 25I
Pound.

At 4 a-Clock we weigh'd, having a fmall Wefter
ly Wind, and a Tide with us ;. at 7 in the Evening
we anchor'din 42 'Fathom, near KingWillian? s I
/land, where I went afhore the next Morning, drani
his Majefty's Health, and honour'd it with 1
Name._ It is about 2 Leagues and a half in length,
very high, and extraordinarily well cloathed with
Woods. The Trees are of divers Sorts, moft un-
known to us, but all very green and flourifhing ;
many of them had Flowers, fome white, fome pur-
ple, others ydlow ; all which fmelt very fragrantly.
The Trees are generally tall and ftreight-bodied,
and may be fit for any Ufes. I faw one of a clean
Body, without Knot or Limb, 60 or 70 Foot high
by Eftimation. It was 3 of my Fathoms about,
and kept its Bignefs without any fenfible Decreafe

even

King William'* Ifland. 193

ven to the Top. The Mould of the Ifland is-***. 1699:
laclc, but not deep ; it being very rocky. On the ^Y^
ides and Top of the Ifland, are many Palmeto-
^rees, whofe Heads we could difcern over all the
ther Trees, but their Bodies we could not fee.

About 1 in the Afternoon we weighed and flood
3 the Eaftward, between the Main and King Willi-
m's Ifland ; leaving the Ifland on our Larboard-
de, and founding till we were pad the Ifland ; and
ben we had no Ground. Here we found the Flood
string Eaft by North, and the Ebb Weft by South,
fhere were Shoals and fmall Iflands between us and
he Main, which caufed the Tide to fet very incon-
tantly, and make many "Vv'hirlings in the Water ;
et we did not find the Tide to fet ftrong any way,
tor the Water to rife much.

On the 9th, being to the Eaftward of King WiU
tarn's Ifland, we plied all Day between the Main and
>ther Iflands, having Eafterly Winds and fair Wea-
her till 7 the next Morning. Then we had very
lard Rain till 8, and faw many Shoals of Fifh. We
ay becalm' d off a pretty deep Bay on New-Guinea,
^bout 12 or 14 Leagues wide, and 7 or 8 Leagues
leep, having low Land near its Bottom, but high
Und without. The Eaftermoft Part of New-Gui-
tea feen, bore Eaft by South, diftant 12 Leagues :
:ape Mabo Weft-South-Weft half South, diftant 7 ''
Leagues.

At 1 in the Afternoon it began to rain, and con-
tinu'd till. 6 in the Evening •, fo that having but lit-
tle Wind and moft Calms, we lay ftill off the fore-'
mention' d Bay, having King William's Ifland ftill in
Sight, though diftant by Judgment 15 or 16
Leagues Weft. We faw many Shoals of fmall Fifh,
fome Sharks, and 7 or 8 Dolphins •, but catcht
none. In the Afternoon, being about 4 Leagues
fFom the Shore, we faw an Opening in the Land,
which feem'd to afford good Harbour : In. the Eve-
Vol. Ill, O nipg

194 The Coaft of New-Guinea;

An. 1699. ning we faw a large Fire there ; and I intended to
^Y^ go in (if Winds and Weather would permit) to gel
fome Acquaintance with the Natives.

Since the 4th Inflant that we parted Cape Mabo,
to the 1 2 th, we had fmall Eafterly Winds and
Calms, fo that we anchor'd feveral Times 5 when
I made my Men cut Wood, that we might have i
good Srock when a Wefterly Wind lhould prefent ;
and fo we ply'd to the Eaftward, as Winds and Cur-
rents would permit ; having not got in all above 3c
Leagues to the Eaftward of Cape Mabo. But on
the 1 2th, at 4 in the Afternoon, a fmall Gale
fprung up at North-Eaft by North, with Rain : At
5 it muffled about to North- Weft, from thence tc
the South-Weft, and continued between thofe 2
Points a pretty brisk Gale ; fo that we made Sail
and fleered away North-Eaft, till the 13th in the
Morning, to get about the Cape of Good Hope,
When 'twas Day, we fteer'd North-Eaft half Eaft,
then North-Eaft by Eaft till 7 a- Clock ; and being
then 7 or 8 Leagues off Shore, we fteer'd away
Eaft ; the Shore trending Eaft by South. We had
very much Rain all Night, fo that we could not
carry much Sail ; yet we had a very fteddy Gale.
At 8 this Morning the Weather, clear'd up, and the
Wind decreas'd to a fine Top-gallant Gale, and fet-
tled at Weft by South. We had more Rain theft
3 Days paft, than all the Voyage in fo fliort Time.
We were now about 6 Leagues from the Land of
New-Guinea, which appear'd very high; and we
faw 2 Head-lands, about 20 Leagues afunder 5 the
one to the Eaft, and the other to the Weft, which
laftis called the Cape of Good Hope. We found
Variation Eaft 4 deg.

The 15 th in the Morning between 12 and 2 a-
Clock, it blew a very brisk Gale at North- Weft,
and look'd very black in the South- Weft. At 2 it
flew about at once to the South-South- Weft, and

rained

&trt z .J>amf,7/ay,

-£ l$ew- G-uinea SCc

Jt.tf.

feu* Capc&abe ana\ye JjlanAs -toy -UUfhvatd attUfr2U*rvia Jt
E, ak*yk*£rl. -ttyJSafhvardtfy Cap* 0*3,3**™%$ X. b. J.± J. jX.

\(c or*, tamrJT/Iandj

W. b.JT.

1V. Jt. W. 24 X ,

ar.lJe.jrX.

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vvuw havt, Cap*M*bo J.JS- b.Z/Z. that siuw-j yX/Unds to y&brthusard
'ifarth 2art anS.&wtxe* at th*s*&ear*ttai & aiftancif .

CtV*

<rfG,cwl&*p*'Ji:S SJ<-

shew? th* Cap* <rf G-otfrl tfope at -th*fi h*artn^s
JZ ', arid, tt**Jiu*trd

J, b. W. ±.-W.j)Z, .

X.jfaVhn.dxoutetts Z/l.
ihtuts jjdSxavx^erxct anlva-n. Sco\*tex±$. at th*f* 3*arinai aruLj>vfh.
S±Z.joZ. Th* ZfL.?mviaUnce.J.i;>lJ.jL

sh*w* 5*3tatkiai SfL. XH/t.jrom, -the midJUJX.
J, S.W-L14X7Z.

The Coaft of N. Guinea. Trovidence IJland. 1 9 $

lined very hard. The Wind fettled fometime at An. 1699;
Veft-South-Weft, and we fteered Eaft-North-Eaft ^OT^
11 3 in the Morning \ Then the "Wind and Rain a-
ating, we fteered Eaft half North for fear of co-
ling near the Land. Prefently after, it being a
trie clear, the Man at the Bowfprit-end, call'd out,
and on our Starboard Bow. • We lookt out and faw

plain. I prefently founded, and had but 10 Fa-
10m foft Ground. The Mafter, being fomewhat
:ar'd, came running in hafte with this News, and
id it was beft to anchor : I told him no, but found
*ain -, then we had 12 Fathom •, the next Caft, 13
id a half ; the 4th, 1 7 Fathom ; and then no
rround with 50 Fathom Line. However we kept
ff the Ifland, and did hot go fo faft but that we
3uld fee any other Danger before we came nigh it.
or here might have been more Iflands not laid
own in my Draughts befides This. For I fearch'd
1 the Draughts I had, if perchance I might find any
land in the one, which was not in the others ; but
could find none near us. When it was Day, we
ere about 5 Leagues off the Land we faw ; but, I
elieve, not above 5 Mile or at moft 2 Leagues off
, when we firft faw it in the Night.

This is a fmall Ifland, but pretty high •, I named

Providence. About 5 Leagues to the Southward
f this, there is another Ifland, which is called Wil-
%m Scouten's Ifland, and laid down in our Draughts :
: is a high Ifland, and about 20 Leagues long.

It was by mere Providence that we mifs'd the
nail Ifland. For had not the Wind come to Weft-
outh-Weft, and blown hard, fo that we fteered
laft-North-Eaft ; we had been upon it by our
burfe that we fteered before, if we could not have
:en it. This Morning we faw many great Trees
rid Logs fwim by us \ which it's probable came
ut of fome great Rivers on the Main.

O 2 On

iptf Sea-Snakes. Matthias Ifland.

An. 1699. On the 1 6th we crofted the Line* and found Va-
^V^sJ Hacion 6 deg. 26 min. Eaft. The 1 8 th by my Ob-
lervation at Noon, we found that we had had a
Current fetting to the Southward, and probably
that drew us in fo nigh Scouterfs Ifland. For this 24
Hours we fleered Eaft by North with a large Wind,
yet made but an Eaft by South half South Courfe 3
though the Variation was not above 7 deg. Eaft.

The 2 1 ft we had a Current fetting to the North-
ward, which is againft the true Trade Monfoon, il
being now near the full Moon. I did expect it
here, as in all other Places. We had Variation 8
deg. 45 min. Eaft. The 22d we found but little
Current ; if any, it fet to the Southward.

On the 23d in the Afternoon we faw 2 Snakes;
and the next Morning another, palling by us,
which was furioufly aftaulted by 2 Fifties, that had
kept us Company 5 or 6 Days. They were ihapec1
liked Mackarel, and were about that Bignefs and
Length, and of a yellow greenifti Colour. The
Snake fwam away from them very faft, keeping his
Head above Water ; the Fifti inapp'd at his Tail 5
but when he turn'd himfelf, that Fifh would with-
draw, and another would fnap ; fo that by Turns
they kept him employed ; yet he ftill defended him-
felf, and fwam away a great Pace, till they were
out of Sight.

The 25th betimes in the Morning, we faw an
Ifland to the Southward of us, at about 15 Leagues
diftance. We fteer'd away for it, fuppofing it to
be that which the Dutch call Wijhart's Ifland ;
but finding it otherwife, I called it Matthias \ it
being that Saint's Day. This Ifland is about 9
or 10 Leagues long, mountainous and woody, with
• many Savannah's, and fome Spots of Land which
feem'd to be clear' d.

-Wl :JJJ . &irt z . Damp , }£y, ,

Fab.JCl. SV**kyan*L adur ^fUnds any Caaft of STBrittawaia

hi. s.js.jx, .

Xhtu Jfou^Xrecht*vtij &ilLan<l tUZand. &-tUlS. andwyiunrdtf -t

1Kb. J.

ni*%>.M7%-

Thus Shutveth S*'JaLks I . at -tfafk feartnpf andOH/tatoc&4

IJlands on the Coaft of New-Guinea. i<*7

At 8 in the Evening we lay by, intending, if I ft^
:ould, to anchor under Matthias Me. But the next ^ v
Morning feeing another Ifland about 7 or 8
Leagues to the Eaftward of it, we fleer'd away
cor it ; at Noon we came up fair with its South-
Wefl-end, intending to run along by it, and ali-
tor on the South-Eaft-fide : But the Tornadoes
:ame in fo thick and hard, that I could not venture.
;n. This Ifland is pretty low and plain, and
:loath'd with Wood ; the Trees were very green,
md appear'd to be large and tall, as thick as they
:ould ftand one by another. It is about 2 or 3
Leagues long, and at the South-Weft-point there is
mother fmall low woody Ifland, about a Mile
round, and about a Mile from the other. Between
them there runs a Riff of Rocks, which joyns them,
[The biggeft, I named Squally Ifland.)

Seeing we could not anchor here, I flood away
to the Southward, to make the Main. But having
many hard Squalls and Tornadoes, we were often
forced to hand all our Sails and fleer more Eaflerly
to go before it. On the 26th at 4 a Clock it
clear'd up to a hard Sky, and a brisk fettled Gale;
then we made as much Sail as we could. At 5 it
clear'd up over the Land, and we faw, as we
thought, Cape Solomafwer bearing South-South-Eaft
diflance 10 Leagues. We had many great Logs
and Trees fwimming by us all this Afternoon, and
much Grafs ; we fleered in South-South-Eafl till
6, then the Wind flackned, and we flood off till 7,
having little Wind ; then we lay by till 10, at which
Time we made Sail, and fleer'd away Eafl all Night,
The next Morning, as foon as it was light, we
made all the Sail we ,could, and fleer'd away Eafl>
South-Eafl, as the Land lay ; being fair in Sight of
it, and not above 7 Leagues diflance. We pafl by
many fmall low woody Iflands which lay between us

O 3 and

198 IJlands on the Coafl of N. Guinea.'

rAn. 1 699. and the Main, not laid down in our Draughts.

W'VV We found Variation 9 deg. 50 min. Eaft.

The 28 th we had many violent Tornadoes,
Wind, Rain, and fome Spouts ; and in the Torna-
does the Wind fhifted. In the Night we had fair
Weather, but more Lightning than we had feen at
any Time this Voyage. This Morning we left a
large high Ifland on our Larboard-fide, called in
the Butch Draughts Wifharfs Ifle, about 6 Leagues
from the Main ; and feeing many Smoaks upon the
Main, I therefore fteer'd towards it.

CHAP.

New-Guinea: l99

An. 1699'

CHAP. IV.

The main Land of New-Guinea. Its Inhabitants. Slinger's Bay*
SmaTlfiands. Garret Dennis Ifie defied ■&»$*%*
Their Proes. Anthony Cave's Jjland. Its Inhabitants Trees
t of Wo ms found in theSea. St. John's Iftand. The mam
rid of New-Guinea. Its Inhabitants. The Coafi defcrtbed.
TaPelndVay St George. Cape Orford. Another my. The
ItabZnfsZere. A targe aclount of the f <^;^ <
to Trade with them. He names the place Pott Mountague.
Ve Country thereabouts defcrtbed and Us produce A Burning

Jfiand described. A new M^f^f'^J^nd'
Sir George Rook's Iftand. Long Jfiand, and Crown lfianat
%coverFanddefcrld. Sir R. Rich's Iftand. ***"***
■ttind A flrame Spout. A Conjecture concerning a new Paffage
fouthJrd King ; William's Ifiand. Strange Whirlpools P*,
fiance biween Cape Mabo, and Cape St. George, computed.

HE main Land, at this p ace is high and
mountainous, adorn'd with tall flouncing
frees ; The Sides of the Hills had many arge
Plantations and Patches of clear'd Land ; which,
together with the Smoaks we faw, were certain
Signs of its being well inhabited •, and I was defirous
to have fome Commerce with the Inhabitants. 15e~
ing nigh the Shore, we faw firft one Proe •, a little
affer, 2 or 3 more •, and at laft a great many Boats
came from 'all the adjacent Bays When they were
46 in Number, they approach* fo near us, that we
could fee each others Signs, and hear each other
ipeaki though we could not understand them, nor
they us. TheymadeSignsforusto go in towards
the Shore, pointing that way; it was fqually Wea.
ther, which at firft made me cautious of going too
near ; but the Weather beginning to look pretty
well, I endeavoured to get into a Bay a-nead ot us*
which we could have got into well enough at rirlt %
but while we fcy by, we were drive^fo far to Lee-

20° The Inhabitants of New-Guinea:

■fJ^P' ward, that now it was more difficult to get in. The
Natives lay in their Proes round us-, to whom I
mew d Beads, Knives, Glaffes, to allure them to
come nearer ; but they would not come fo nigh
as to receive any thing from us. Therefore T threw
out fome things to them, viz. a Knife faftned to a
piece of Board, and a Glafs-bottle corked up with
fome Beads in it, which they took up and feemed
well pleafed. They often ftruck their left Breaft
with their right Hand, and as often held up a black
Iruncheon over their Heads, which we thought
was a Token of Friendfhip ; Wherefore we did The
like. And when we flood in towards their Shore
they feem'd to rejoycei but when we flood off!
they frown'd, yet kept us Company in their Proes,
ftilj pointing to the Shore. About 5 a-Clock we
got within the Mouth of the Bay, and founded
Several times, but had no Ground, though within
a mde of the Shore. The Bafon of this Bay was
above 2 Miles within us, into which we might have
gone; but as I was not affured of Anchorage there,
Jo I thought it not Prudence to run in at this time ;
it being neaf Night, and feeing a black Tornado
riling m tne Weft, which I m oft fear 'd : Befides
we had near 200 Men in Proes clofe by us And
tne Bays on the Shore were lined with Men from
one end to the other, where there could not be lefs
than 3 or 400 more. What Weapons they had.
we know not nor yet their Defign. Therefore I
had at then firft coming near us, got up-all our
imall Arms, and made feveral put on Cartouch
JSoxes to prevent Treachery. At laft I refolved to
go out again : Which when the Natives in their
Proes perceived they began to fling Stones at us as
faff as they could, being provided with Engines for
thatpurpofe •, (wherefore I named this place^W;',
Bay:) But at the Firing of one Gun they were all
amaz d} drew off and flung no more Stones. They

got

The Inhabitants of New-Guinea. 201

I together, as if confulting what to do •, for they ^699.
; not make in towards the Shore, but lay., ftill, ^ ¥ ^
nicrhfome of them were killed or wounded ; and
,ny more of them had paid for their Boldnefs,
t that I was unwilling to cut off any of them ;
ichif I had done, I could not hope afterwards
bring them to treat with me.
The next day we failed clofe by an Ifland, where
: faw many Smoaks, and Men in the Bays ;_ out
which came 2 or 3 Canoas, taking much pains to
ertake us, but they could not, though we went
th an eafy Sail j and I could not now ftay for them,
j I paft by the South-Eaft Point, I founded feve-
1 times within a Mile of the'Sandy Bays, but had
! Ground : About 3 Leagues to the Northward
the South-Eaft Point, we opened a large deep
ty, fecur'd from Weft-North- Weft and South-
reft Winds. There were 2 other Iflands that lay
theNorth-Eaft of it, which fecur'd the Bay from
orth-Eaft Winds •, One was but fmall, yet woody ;
e other was a League long, inhabited and full of
xo-Nut-Trees. I endeavoured to get into this
iy •, but there came fuch Flaws off from the high
and over it, that I could not •, Befides, we had
any hard Squalls, which deterr'd me from it ; and
ight coming on, I would not run any hazard, but
)re away to the fmall inhabited Ifland, to fee if
e could get Anchoring on the Eaft-fide of it.
/hen we came there, we found the Ifland fo nar-
>w, that there could be no Shelter •, therefore I
ick'd and flood toward the greater Ifland again:
,nd being more than Mid-way between both, I lay
y, defigning to endeavour for Anchorage next
Torning, Between 7 and 8 at Night, we fpied a
!anoa clofe by us -, and feeing no more, fuffered
er to come aboard. She had 3 Men in her, who
rought off 5 Coco-Nuts, for which I gave each
f them a Knife and a String of Beads, to encourage

them

<;;;;;:

2CZ Garret Dennis IJle\ ,

r^i%them to come off again in the Morning : But t
v v * fore thefe went away, wefaw2 more Canoas cor
mg ; therefore we flood away to the Northwa
from them, and then lay by again till Day. ^
faw no more Boats this Night; neither defign'd
iutter any to come aboard in the dark.

By nine a-Clock the next Morning, we were g<
within a League of the great Ifland, but were kei
off by violent Gufts of Wind. Thefe Squalls gai
us warning of their Approach, by the Clouds whic
hung over the Mountains, and afterwards defcen<
ed to the Foot of them -, and then it is we expei
them fpeedily. ^ v

On the 3d oP March, being about 5 Leagues t

Leeward of the great Ifland, we faw the Mai

Land a-head ; and another great high Ifland to Lee

ward of us, diftance about 7 Leagues j which 4

bore away for. It is called in the Dutch Draught*

Garret Dennis Ifle. It is about 14 or 15 League

round ; high and mountainous, and very woody

Some Trees appeared very large and tall ; and th

Bays by the Sea-fide are well ftored with Coco-nut

Trees ; where we alfo faw fame fmajl Houfes. Th

bides of the Mountains are thick fet with Plantati

ons i ; and the Mould in the new clear'd Land, feemV

to be of a brown reddifh Colour. This Ifland I

Of no regular Figure, but is full of Points fhootin<

forth into the Sea •, between which are many Sand\

Bays full of Coco-nut-Trees. The middle of thi

Ifle lies in 3 deg. 10 min. South Latitude. It I

very populous ; The Natives are very black, ' ftrong.

and welf-hmb'd People; having great round Heads,

their ■ JJair naturally curl'd and fliort, which the\

fhave into feveral Forms, and dye it affi» of diverfe

Colours, viz. Red, White and Yellow. They

have broad round Faces with great bottle Notes,

yet agreeable enough, till they disfigure them by

Painting, and by wearing great things through their

Noles

It's Inhabitants'.

205

fcs as big as a Man's Thumb and about four Inches <**J*W
y ; thefe are run clear through both Noftrils, ISY\*
'end coming out by one Cheek-Bone, and the
er end againft the other ; and their Nofes fo
tched, that only a fmall flip of them appears a-
it the Ornament. They have alfo great Holes
their Ears, wherein they wear fuch ftuff as in
ir Nofes. They are very dextrous active Fellows
their Proes, which are very ingenioufly built.
by are narrow and long, with Out-lagers on one
j ; the Head and Stern higher than the reft, and
ved into many Devices, viz. fome Fowl, Fifli,
a Man's Hand painted or carv'd : And though

but rudely done, yet the Refemblance appears
inly, and fhews an ingenious Fancy. But with
At Inftruments they make their Proes or carved
ork, I know not •, for they feem to be utterly
lorant of Iron. They have very neat Paddles,
th which they manage their Proes dextroufly, and
ike great way through the Water. Their Wea-
»ns are chiefly Lances, Swords and Slings, and
me Bows and Arrows : They have alfo Wooden
ffgigs, for«ftriking Fifli. Thofe that came to
fault us in Slingers-Bay on the Main, are in all Re-
eds like thefe \ and I believe thefe are alike trea-
lerous. .Their Speech is clear and diftmct ; the
fords thfcy ufed moll, when near us, were Vacou-
\ Jllamais, and then they pointed to the Shore.
'heir Signs of Friendfhip, are either a great Trun-
leon, or Bough of a Tree full of Leaves, put
a their Heads ; often flriking their Heads with
teir Hands.

The next Day, having a frefh Gale of Wind, we
ot under a high IHand, about 4 or 5 Leagues
3und, very woody, and full of Plantations upon
le Sides of the Hills ; and in the Bays by the Wa,
sr-fide, are Abundance of Coco-nut-Trees. It lies

1 the Latitude of 3 4eg. 25 W- South^ and.^e"
y ndiai\

■

204 Cave's IJland. Its Inhabitants'.

r^^9Hdian Diftance from Cape Mate t3i6 m. On t

in Ut5 pa,rt ?f k are 3 or 4 other fmall woo,

Mands; one high and peek'd, the other low a
flat ; all bedeck'd with Coconut-Trees and otfc
Wood. On the North there is another Ifland of
indifferent Heighth, and of a fomewhat larger C
cumference than the great high Ifland laft men

n Vwn^. between this and th<? high Iflan
The high Ifland is called in the Dutch Draughts A
tbony Cave's IJland. As for the flat low Ifland, ar
the other fmall one, it is probable they were nev
ieen by the Dutch ; nor the Iflands to the North !
Garret Dennis's I/land. As foon as we came ne;
Lave s Ifland, fome Canoas came about us, ar
made Signs for us to come afhore, as all the reft ha
done before; probably thinking we could run tl
&nip a-ground any where, as they did their Proes
; tor we law neither Sail nor Anchor among any <

nr* Lth?^h moft Eafiern Indians have botl
1 neie had Proes made of one Tree, well dug, wit
Outlagers on one fide: They were but fmtll, yc
weirmap'd. We endeavoured to anchor, bi
tound no Ground within a Mile of the Shore • W
kept clofe along the North-fide, ftffl founding ti
we came to the North-Eaft-end, but found n
Ground ; the Canoas ftill accompanying us ; an<

rMSJay^Were ?°Vered with Men §oing along as w
toil d : Many of them drove to fwim off to us, bu
we leathern aftern. Being at the North-Eaft Point
™ ar ! ftr°nS Current fetting to the North
Weft ; fo that though we had fteer'd to keep undei
tne nigh Ifland, yet we were driven towards the flai
one. At this time 3 of the Natives came aboard
1 gave each of them a Knife, a Looking-Glafs,
and a String of Beads. I fhew'd them Pumpkl
and Coco-nut-fliells, and made Signs to them to
bring fome aboard, and had prefently 3 Coco-nut«
out of one of the Canoas, I fhewed them Nut.

megs,

k, JohnV IJland. Tk Main of K. Guinea. 205

^s,- and by their Signs I guefs'd they had fome^»^99«
the Wand. I alfo ihew'd them fome Gold-Duft, ' ^*^
lich they feem'd to know, and call'd out Manned,
anneel, and pointed towards the Land. A while
er thefe Men were gone, 2 or 3 Canoas came
■>m the flat Ifland, and by Signs invited us to their
and ; at which the others feern'H difpleas'd, and
'd very menacing Geftures and (1 believe J Speeches
! each other. Night coming on, we Hood off to
>a ; and having but little Wind all Night, were
•iven away to the North- Weft. We faw many
-eat Fires on the flat Ifland. Thefe laft Men that
ime off to us, were all black, as thofe we had feen
>fore, with frizled Hair: They were very tall,
ifty, well-fhap'd Men; They wear great things
1 their Nofes, and paint as the others, but not
mch ; They make the fame Signs of Friendship,
nd their Language feems to be one : But the others
ad Proes, and thefe Canoas. On the Sides of fome
f thefe, we faw the Figures of feveral Fifh neatly
uf, and thefe laft were not fo fhy as the o-

lers.

Steering away from Cave's IJland South-South-
Laft, we found a ftrong Current againft us, which
;t only in fome places in Streams •, and in them we
aw many Trees and Logs of Wood, which drove
>y us. We had but little Wood aboard ; where-
bre I hoifted out the Pinnace, and fent her to take
jpfome of this Drift-wood. In a little time ftie
:ame aboard with a great Tree in a tow, which we
:ould hardly hoift in with all our Tackles. We cut
ip the Tree and fplit it for Fire-wood. It was
nuch worm-eaten, and had in it fome live Worms
ibove an Inch long, and about the bignefs of a
Goofe-quill, and having their Heads crufted over
with a thin Shell.

After

2Q6

The Main of New-Guinea.

Jin

1699- After this we patted by an Ifland, called by tl
V**-' Dutch St. John's Ifland, leaving it to the North
us. It is about 9 or 10 Leagues round, and ve:
well adorn'd with lofty Trees. We faw mar
Plantations on the Sides of the Hills, and Abundan
of Coco-nut-Trees about them •, as alfo thic
Groves on the Bays by the Sea-fide. As we can
near ir, 3 Canoas came off to us, but would n<
come aboard. They were fuch as we had feen aboi
the other Iflands : They fpoke the fame Languag
and made the fame Signs of Peace ; and their C;
noas were fuch, as at Cave's Ifland.

We flood along by St. John's Ifland, till we can
almoft to the South-Eaft-Point ; and then feeing r
more Iflands to the Eaftward of us, nor any likel
hood of anchoring under this, I fleer' d away for tl
Main of New-Guinea ; we being now fas I fuppos'c
to the Eaft of it, on this North-fide. My Defig
of feeing thefe Iflands as I pail along, was to g<
Wood and Water, but could find no Ancho]
Ground, and therefore could not do as I purpos\
Befides, thefe Iflands are all fo populous, that
dar'd not fend my Boat afhore, unlefs I could ha^
anchor'd pretty nigh. Wherefore I rather chofe t
profecute my Defign on the Main, the Seafon c
the Year being now at hand ; for I judg'd the Weftei
ly Winds were nigh fpent.

On the 8th of March, we faw fome Smoaks o
the Main, being diftant from it 4 or 5 League
*Tis very high, woody Land, with fome Spots c
Savannah. About 10 in the Morning 6 or 7 Canoa
came off to us : Moft of them had no more thai
one Man in them ; they were all black, with fhor
curl'd Hair ; having the fame Ornaments in. thei
Nofes, and their Heads fo fnav'd and painted, anc
fpeaking the fame Words, as the Inhabitants o
Cave's Ifland before-mentioned.

Then

The Main of New- Guinea* 207

Fhere was a Head-land to the Southward of us, An. 1699.
rond which feeing no Land, I fuppofed that from U^V^J
:nce the Land trends away more Wefterly. This
;ad-land lies in the Latitude of 5 deg. 2 min.
nth, and Meridian diftance from Cape Mabo9
50 Miles. In the Night we lay by, for fear of
sr-fhooting this Head-land. Between which and
pe St. Maries, the Land is high, Mountainous
i Woody -, having many Points of Land mooting
t into the Sea, which make fo many fine Bays. The
aft lies North -North-Eaft and South-South- Weft.
The 9th in the Morning a huge black Man came
' to us in a Canoa, but would not come aboard.
; made the fame figns of Friendfhip to us, as the
I we had met with ; yet feem'd to differ in his
iriguage, not ufmg any of thofe Words which the o-
;rsdid. We faw neither Smoaks nor Plantations near
s Head-land. We found here Variation 1 deg. Eaft.
In the Afternoon, as we plied near the Shore, 3
noas came off to us ; one had 4 Men in her, the
lers 2 apiece. That with the 4 Men, came pretty
5I1 us, and fhew'd us a Coco-nut and Water in a
mboo, making Signs that, there was enough
lore where they lived ; they pointed to the place
lere they would have us go, and fo went away,
e faw a fmall round pretty high Ifland: about a
;ague to the North of this Head-land, within
lien there was a large deep Bay, whither the Ca-
ias went; and we ftrove to get thither before
ight, but could not ; wherefore we Hood off, and
w Land to the Weftward of this Head-Land,
aring Weft by South half South, diftance about
> Leagues ; and, as we thought, ftill more Land
:aring South-Weft by South, diftance 12 or
{. Leagues : But being clouded, it difappeared,
id we thought we had been deceived. Before
ight we opened the Head-Land fair, and I named
Cape St. George, The Land from hence trends

away

208 The mam Land of New-Guinea.^

An. 1 699. away Weft-North-Weft about 10 Leagues, wl
^^V"** is as far £s we could fee it ; and the Land t
we faw to the Weftward of it in the Eveni
which bore Weft by South half South, was anot
Point about 10 Leagues from Cape St. George ;
tween which there runs in a deep Bay for
Leagues or more. We faw fome high Lane
Spots like Iflands, down in that Bay at a g:
diftance ; but whether they are Iflands, or
Main clofing there, we know not. The r
Morning we faw other Land to the South-Eaft
the Weftermoft Point, which till then was clc
ed -, it was very high Land, and the fame that
faw the day before, that difappear'd in a Clc
This Cape St. George lies in the Latitude of 5 (
5 min. South y and Meridian diftance from C
Mabo 1290 Miles. The Ifland off this Cape
called St. George9 s Ifle ; and the Bay between it
the Weft- Point, Lnamed St. George's Bay. i\
No Dutch Draughts go fo far as this Cape, by
Leagues. On the 10th in the Evening, we
within a League of the Weftermoft Land f<
which is pretty high and very woody, but no .
pearance of Anchoring. I flood off again,
figning (if poffible) to ply to and fro in this I
.till I found a Conveniency to Wood and Wz
We faw no more Plantations, nor Coco-nut-Tre
yet in the Night we difcerned a fmall Fire righ
gainft us. The next Morning we faw a Burr
Mountain in the Country. It was round, h
and peaked at top (as moft Vulcano's are,J and
forth a great Quantity of Smoak. We took 1
Log of drift Wood, and fplit it for Firing j
which we found fome fmall Fifh.

The Day after, we paft by the South- Weft C
of this Bay, leaving it to the North of us : W
we were abreaft of it, I called my Officers toget
and named it Cape Orford, in Honour of my n<

Patr

<£ -2LJJ .

'sis 0?yirrd

ao<P.

$. Georges
Bay

: . :m$>->

! Jan' -

The main Land of New-Guinea. 209

Matron ; drinking his Lordfhip's Health. This 4». 1^9:
^ape bears from Cape St* George South- Weft about ^^^
[8 Leagues. Between them there is a Bay about
'.5 Leagues deep, having pretty high Land all
ound it, efpecially near the Capes, though they
hemfelves are not high. Cape Orford lies in the
attitude of 5 deg. 24 min. South, by my Obfer-
ration ♦, and Meridian diftance from Cape St. George^
^4 Miles Weft. The Land trends from this Cape
•forth- Weft by Weft into the Bay, and on the other
!ide South-Weft per Compafs, which is South- Weft
1 deg. Weft, allowing the Variation which is here 9
leg. Eaft. The Land on each Side of the Cape, is
nore Savannah than Wood-Land, and is higheft on
he North- Weft-fide. The Cape it felf is a Bluff-
>ointj of an indifferent Heighth, with a flat Table
^and at Top. When we were to the South- Weft
if the Cape, it appeared to be a low Point fhooting
tut ; which you cannot fee when a-breaft of it.
rhis Morning we ftruck a Log of Drift-wood with
mr Turtle-Irons, hoifted it in and fplit it for Fire-
rood. Afterwards we ftruck another, but could
iot get it in. There were many Fifh about it.

We fteer'd along South- Weft as the Land lies,
eeping about 6 Leagues off the Shore ; and being
efirous to cut Wood and fill Water, if I faw any
tonveniency, # I lay by in the Night, becaufe I
rould not mifs any Place proper for thofe Ends,
3r fear of wanting fuch Neceffaries as we could
ot live without. This Coaft is high and mountai-
ous and not fo thick with Trees as that on the o-
her Side of Cape Orford.

On the 14th, feeing a pretty deep Bay a-head,
nd fome Iflands where I thought we might ride fe-
ure, we ran in towards the Shore and faw fome
moaks. At 10 a-Clock we faw a Point, which
lot out pretty well into the Sea, with a Bay with-
1 it, which promifed fair for Water ; and we ftood
-Voi. III. P in

210 The Inhabitants of New-Guinea.'

An. 1699.ii!, with a moderate Gale. Being got into the Bay

v^Y^ within the Point, we faw many Coco-nut-TreeSj

Plantations, and Houfes. When I came within 4

or 5 Mile of the Shore, 6 fmall Boats came off tc

view us, with about 40 Men in them all. Percei

ving that they only came to view us, and woulc

not come aboard, I made Signs and waved to then

to go afhore ; but they did not or would not under

derftand me ; therefore I whittled a Shot over thei

Heads out of my Fowling-piece, and then th'e^

pull'd away for the Shore, as hard as they could

Thefe were no fooner afhore, but we faw 3 Boats

coming from the Iflands to Leeward of us, and the;

foon came within call ; for we lay becalm'd. On

of the Boats had about 40 Men in her, and was

large well built Boat •, the other 2 were but fmal

Not long after, I faw another Boat coming out c

that Bay where I intended to go : She likewife was

large Boat, with a high Head and Stern paintec

and full of Men ; this I thought came off to figli

us, as 'tis probable they all did ; therefore I fire

another fmall Shot over the great Boat that was nig

us, which made them leave their Babling and tak

to their Paddles. We fbill lay becalm'd •, an

therefore they rowing wide of us, directed the

Courfe toward the other great Boat that was c<

ming off : When they were pretty near each othe:

I caus'd the Gunner to fire a Gun between then

which he did very dextrouily -, it was loaden wii

round and Partridge-mot ; the laft dropt in tl

Water fomewhat fhort of them, but the rour

Shot went between both Boats, and grazed aboi

100 Yards beyond them j this fo affrighted then

that they both rowed away for the Shore as faft ;

they could, without coming near each other ; ar

the little Boats made the beft of their Way aft

them : And now having a gentle Breeze at Sout

South-Eaft, we bore into, the Bay after ther

Win

The Inhabitants of New- Guinea," 211

hen we came by the Point, I faw a great Nurn- <An. 1699,
r of Men peeping from under the Rocks : I or- V/^W.
red a Shot to be fired clofe by, to fcare them.
le Shot graz'd between us and the Point ; and
Hinting again, flew over the Point, and graz'd
id Time jufr by them. We were obliged to
I along clofe by the Bays •, and feeing Multi-
ples fetting under the Trees, I ordered a 3d Gun

be fired among the Coco-nut-Trees, to fcare
;m •, for my Bufmefs being to Wood and Wa-
•, I thought it neceffary to ftrike fome Terrour
0 the Inhabitants, who were very numerous, and
\f what 1 faw now, and had formerly experi-
c'd,) treacherous. After this I fent my Boat to
md ; they had firfb 40, then 30, and at laft 20
thorn Water. We followed the Boat, and came
anchor about a quarter of a Mile from the Shore,
26 Fathom Water, fine black Sand and Oaze.
e rode right againft the Mouth of a fmall River,
lere I hoped to find frefn Water. Some of the
itives Handing on a fmall Point at the River's
outh, I fent a fmall Shot over their Heads to
ght them •, which it did effectually. In the Af-
•noon I fent my Boat afhore to the Natives who
>od upon the Point by the River's Mouth with a
efent of Coco-nuts ; when the Boat was come
ar the Shore, they came running into the Water,
d put their Nuts into the Boat. Then I made a
a;nal for the Boat to come aboard, and fent both
ind the Yawl into the River to look for frefh Wa-
:, ordering the Pinnace to lye near the River's
xwth, while the Yawl went up to fearch. In an
our's time they return'd aboard with fome Barre-
es full of frefh Water, which they had taken up
out half a Mile up the River. After which, I
it them again with Casks ; ordering one of them

fill Water, and the other to watch the Motion of

e Natives, left they {liquid make any Oppofition •,

P 2 but

212

(^"VXj

The Inhabitant of ^New '-Guinea,
f 2^99- but they did not, and fo the Boats return'd a lit
before Sun-fet with a Tun and half of Water ; a
the next Day by Noon brought aboard about
Tun of Water.

I fent afhore Commodities to purchafe Hoj
&c. being informed that the Natives have plenty
them, as alfo of Yamms and other good Root
But my Men returned without getting any thi
that I fent them for ; the Natives being unwilli
to trade with us : Yet they admir'd our Hatchi
and Axes ; but would part with nothing but Coc
nuts ; which they us'd to climb the Trees for ; a
fo ibon as they gave them our Men, they beckon'd
them to be gone ; for they were much afraid of m

The 1 8 th, I fent both Boats again for Wat<
and before Noon they had filled all my Casks,
the Afternoon I fent them both to cut Wood ; b
feeing about 40 Natives ftanding on the Bay at
foal) Diftance from our Men, I made a Signal f
them to come aboard again ; which they did, a]
brought me Word that the Men which we faw <
the Bay were palling that way, but were afraid
come nigh them. At 4 a Clock I fent both t
Boats again for more Wood, and they return'd
the Evening. Then I called my Officers to confi
whether it were convenient to flay here longer, ai
endeavour a better Acquaintance with thefe Peopl
or go to Sea. My Defign of tarrying here longe
was, if poffible, to get fome Hogs, Goats, Yamr
or other Roots -, as alfo to get fome Knowledge
the Country and its Product. My Officers unar
moufly gave their Opinions for flaying longer her
So the next Day I fent both Boats afhore again, 1
rifh and to cut more Wood. While they were
(hore about 30 or 40 Men and Women paft t
them ; they were a little afraid of our People ;
firft i but upon their making figns of Friendfhi]
they paft by quietly ; the Men finely bedeck3

wit

The Inhabitants of New-Guinea, nj

ith Feathers of divers Colours about their Heads, ^»- 1699«
id Lances in their Hands ; the Women had no '^v^
tnament about them, nor any Thing to cover
leir Nakedncfs, but a Bunch of imall green
oughs, before and behind, ftuck under a String
hich came round their Waftes. They carried large
iskets on their Heads, full of Yamms. And this
have obferv'd amongft all the wild Natives I have
iown, that they make their Women carry the
Lirdens, while the Men walk before, without any
her Load than their Arms and Ornaments. At
oon our Men came aboard with the Wood they
id cut, and had catch'd but 6 Fifties at 4 or 5
auls of the Sain, though we faw Abundance of
ih leaping in the Bay all the Day long.
In the Afternoon I fent the Boats afhore for more
rood -, and fome of our Men went to the Natives
oufes, and found they were now more fhy than
ey us'd to be ; had taken down all the Coco-nuts
3m the Trees, and driven away their Hogs. Our
;ople made Signs to them to know what was be-
>me of their Hogs, &c. The Natives pointing •

fome Houfes in the Bottom of the Bay, and imi-
ting the Noife of thofe Creatures, feem'd to inn-
ate that there were both Hogs and Goats of feve-
1 Sizes, which they exprefs'd by holding their
ands abroad at feveral Diftances from the
round.

At Night our Boats came aboard with Wood 1
d the next Morning J went my felf with both
)ats up the River to the Watering-place, carrying
th me all fuch Trifles and Iron- work as I thought
oft proper to induce them to a Commerce with us 5
it I found them very my and roguifh. I faw buc
Men and a Boy : One of the Men by fome Signs
is perfwaded to come to the Boat's Side, where \
is; to him I gave a Knife, a String of Beads, and
Glafs- bottle 3 the Fellow call'd gut, Qocqs% Cocos9
¥ 3 pgintii^

214 SRte Inhabitants of New Guinea.1

rwf». 1699. pointing to a Village hard by, and lignified to 1
^O/^ that he would go for fome •, but he never return'
to us. And thus they had frequently of late fervc
our Men. I took 8 or 9 Men with me, and marcl
ed to their Houfes, which I found very mean ; an
their Doors made fail with Withes.

I vifited 3 of their Villages -, and finding all tl
Houfes thus abandon'd by the Inhabitants, wl
carried with them all their Hogs, &V. I broug'
out of their Houfes fome fmall Fifliing-nets in R
compence for thofe Things they had receiv'd of 1
As we were coming away, we faw 2 of the Native
I fhewed them the Things that we carried with 13
and called to them, Cocos, Cocos, to let them knc
that I took thefe Things becaufe they had not mat
good what they had promis'd by their Signs, ai
by their calling out Cocos. While I was thus er
ploy'd, the Men in the Yawl filled 2 Hogfheads
Water, and all the Barrecoes. About 1 in the A
ternoon I came aboard, and found all my Offia
and Men very importunate to go to that Bay whe
* the Hogs were faid to be. I was loath to yield

jt, fearing they would deal too roughly with the N
tives. By 2 a-Clock in the Afternoon many bla<
Clouds gather 'd over the Land, which I thoug
would deter them from their Enterprize ; but th
fQllicked me the more to let them go. At laft
conferred, fending thofe Commodities I had afho
with me in the Morning, and giving them a ftri
' Charge to deal by fair means, and to acl eautioul
for their own Security. The Bay I fent them
was about 2 Miles from the Ship. Afibon as th
were gone, I got all Things ready, that, if I fa
Occafion, I might affift them with my great Gui
'When they came to Land, the Natives in gre
Companies flood to refill them * making th<
JLances, and threatning them •, and fome were
daring, as to wade into the Sea, holding a Targ

The Inhabitants on the Main of N, Guinea. 215
in one Hand and a Lance in the other. Our Men £1699.
held up to them fuch Commodities as I had lent, ^ *
and made Signs of Friendfhip \ but to no Purpofe •,
for the Natives waved them off. Seeing therefore
they could not be prevailed upon to a friendly Com-
merce, my Men, being refolved to have fome Pro-
vifion among them, fired fome Muskets to fcare
them away ; which had the defired Effecl upon all
but 2 or 3, who flood ftill in a menacing Pofture,
till the boldeft dropt his Target and ran away ;
they fuppos'd he was mot in the Arm : He and
fome others felt the Smart of our Bullets, but none
were kill'd ; our Defign being rather to fright than
to kill them. Our Men landed, and found Abun-
dance of tame Hogs running among the Houfes.
They mot down 9, which they brought away, be-
fides many that ran away wounded. They had but
little Time ; for in lefs than an Hour after they went
from the Ship, \t began to rain: Wherefore they
got what they ctimld into the Boats ; for I had
charg'd them to come away if it rain'd. By that
Time the Boat was aboard, and the Hogs taken in, m
it clear'd up •, and my Men defir'd to make another
Trip thither before Night •, this was about 5 in the
Evening •, and I confented, giving them Order to
repair on Board before Night. In the Clofe of the
Evening they returned accordingly, with 8 Hogs
more, and a little live Pig ; and by this Time the
other Hogs were jerk'd and falted. Thefe that
came laft, we only dreft and corn'd till Morning j
and then fent both Boats afhore for more Refrefh-
ments, either of Hogs or Roots : But in the Night
the Natives had convey'd away their Provifions of
all Sorts. Many of them were now about the
Houfes, and none offer'd to refift our Boats land-
ing, but on the contrary were fo amicable, that one
Man brought 10 or 12 Coco-nuts, left them on the
Shore after he had fhew'd them to our Men, and
P 4 wens

si<> The mam Land of New-Guinea:

*J^9- went out of Sight. Our People finding nothing but
Nets and Images, brought fome of them away ; which
2 of my Mer) brought aboard in a fmall Canoa ;
and prefently after, my Boats came off. I order'd
the Boatfwam to take care of the Nets, till we came
at fome place where they might be difpofed of for
Jome Refreshment for the Ufe of all the Company :
The Images I took into my own Cuftody.

In the Afternoon I fent the Canoa to the Place
from whence me had been brought ; and in her, 2
Axes, 2 Hatchets (one of them helv'dj 6 Knives
6 Looking-glafles, a large of Bunch of Beads, and
4 GJafs-boctles, Our Men drew the Canoa afhcre
placed the Things to the bed Advantage in her, and
came off m the Pinnace which I fent to guard them
And now being well ftock'd with Wood, and all
my Water-casks full, I refolv'd to fail the next
Morning. All the Time of our Stay here, we had
very fair Weather; only fometimes in the 'After-
noon we had a Shower of Rain, which lafted not
above an f^our a* moft : Alfo fome Thunder and
Lightning, with very little Wind. We had Sea
and Land-breezes ; the former between the South-
Squth-Eaft, anc} the latter from North-Eaft to
North-Weft,

This Place I named Port Mpuntaguey in Honour
of my noble Patron. It lies in the Latitude of 6
dcg, io mm, South, and Meridian diftance from
Cape St. George, 151 Miles Weft. The Country
hereabouts is mountainous and woody, full of rich
Valleys and pleafarjt fVefti Water-brooks. The
Mould in the Valleys is deep and yellowifh ; that
on the Sides of the Hills of a very brown Colour,
and not very deep, but rocky underneath ■ yet ex-
cellent planting Land. The Trees in general are
neither very freight, thick, nor tall ; yet appear
green and pleafant enough : Some of them bore
flowers, fome ferries, and others big Fruits ; but

TheCoaft of New-Guinea.' 217

unknown to any of us. Coco-nut-Trees thrive An. 1699.
y well here •, as well on the Bays by the Sea-fide, («^V>yi
more remote among the Plantations. The Nuts
of an indifferent Size, the Milk and Kernel ve-
thick and pleafant. Here is Ginger, Yamms, and
ter very goo$ Roots for the Pot, that our Men
r and tailed. What other Fruits or F jots the
untry affords, Lknow not. Here are Hogs and
igs ; other Land- Animals we faw none. The Fowls
faw and knew, were Pidgeons, Parrots, Cocka-'
*es and Crows like thofe in England-, a Sort of Birds
>ut the Bignefs of a Black-Bird, and fmaller Birds
ny. The Sea and Rivers have Plenty of Fifh ;
faw Abundance, though we catch' d but few, and
fe were Cavallies, Yellow-tails and Whip-rays.
We departed from hence on the 2 2d of Marchy
1 on the 24th in the Evening we faw fome high
nd bearing North- Weft half Weft i to the Weft
which we could fee no Land, though there ap-
ired fomething like Land bearing Weft a little
jtherly •, but not being fure of it, I fleered Weft-
irth-Wefl all Night, and kept going on with an
y Sail, intending to coaft along the Shore at a
tance. At 1 o a Clock I faw a great Fire bearing
>rth-Weft by Weft, blazing up in a Pillar, fome-
les very high for 3 or 4 Minutes, then falling
ite down for an equal Space of Time ; fometimes
•dly vifible, till it blazeol up again. I had laid
down having been indifpofed this 3 Days : But
pn a Sight of this, my chief Mate called me ; I
L up and view'd it for about half an Hour, and
ew it to be a burning Hill by its Intervals : I
irg'd them to look well out, having bright
Don-light. In the Morning I found that the Fire
had feen the Night before, was a burning Ifland ;
i fteer'd for it. We faw many other Iflands, one
ge high Ifland, and another fmaller, but pretty

high,

2i8 A burning IJIe.

irf». 1700- high. I ftood near the Vulcano, and many fm

**OTv low Iflands with fome Shoals.

March the 25th 1700, in the Evening we car
within 3 Leagues of this Burning-hill, being at t
fame Time 2 Leagues from the Main. I found
good Channel to pafs between them, and kept nes
er the ^lain than the Ifland. At 7 in the Evening
founded, and had 52 Fathom fine Sand and Osn
J ftood to the Northward to get clear of tl
Streight, having but little Wind and fair Weatht
The Ifland all Night vomited Fire and Smoak ve:
amazingly ; and at every Belch we heard a dreadf
Noife like Thunder, and faw a Flame of Fire aft
it, the moft terrifying that ever I faw. The Inte
vals between its Belches, were about half a Minut<
fome more, others lefs : Neither were thefe Pull
or Eruptions alike ; for fome were but faint Co
Vulfions, in Comparifon of the more vigorous 5 y
even the weakeft vented a great deal of Fire 5 bi
the lar^eft made a roaring Noife, and fent up
large Flame 20 or 30 Yards high ; and then migl
be feen a great Stream of Fire running down to tl
Foot of the Ifland, even to the Shore. From tl
Furrows made by this defcending Fire, we cou
in the Day Time fee great Smoaks arife, which pr<
bably were made by the fulphureous Matter thro^
out of the Funnel at the Top, which tumblin
down to the Bottom, and there lying in a Heaj
burn'd till either confumed or extinguifhed ; and i
long as it burn*d and kept its Heat, fo long tt
Smoak afcendecl from it ; which we perceived to ii
ereafe or tfecreafe, according to the Quantity (
Matter difcharged from the Funnel. But the nej
Night, being fhot to the Weftward of the Burning
Ifland, and the Funnel of it lying on the South- fide
we could not difcern the Fire there, as we. did th
Smoak in the Day when we were to the Southwar
of it. This Vulcanq lies in the Latitude of 5 dec

33 min

—

VirLJII. &tr1r i J)&mp, Jfry ,
KiUe-XIJI 3D«»]»«*'J , Paijfagve and 2/lands ortyCaafh <rf 2TGuiixe

T/litf jheuVt/S. W.Irtrul whtriyour iny S.&trt of yj£ivtratic& afCap*lhm^

rA new Tafage. 219

I min. South, and Meridian diftance from Cape An. 17004
. George, 332 Miles Weft. vyVV*

The Eaftermoft Part of New-Guinea lies 40 Miles
the Weft ward of this Trad of Land •, and by
ydrographers they are made joyning together :
jt here I found an Opening and Paffage between,
ith many Iflands ; the largeft of which lye on the •
orth-fide of this Parage or Streight. The Chan-
:1 is very good, between the Iflands and the Land
1 the Eaftward. The Eaft-part of New-Guinea,
high and mountainous, ending on the North-Eaft
ith a large Promontory, which I nam'd King Wil-
ww'sCape, in Honour of his prefent Majefty. We?
w fome Smoaks on it ; and leaving it on our Lar-
Dard-fide, fteer'd away near the Eaft Land •, -which
ids with two remarkable Capes or Heads, diftant
om each other about 6 or 7 Leagues, Within
ich Head were two very remarkable Mountains,
tending very gradually from the Sea-fide ; which
Torded a very pleafant and agreeable Profpe£t.
'he Mountains and lower Land were pleafantly
tixt with Wood-Land and Savannahs. The Trees
ppeared very green and flourifhing » and the
avannahs feem'd to be very fmooth and e-
en 3 no Meadow in England appears more green
1 the Spring, than thefe. We faw Smoaks, but
id not ftrive to anchor here *, but rather chofe
3 get under one of the Iflands, fwhere I thought I
wuld find few or no. Inhabitants,; that I might re-
air my Pinnace, which was fo crazy that I could
ot venture afhore any where with her. As we
cood over to the Iflands, we look'd out very well
0 the North, but could fee no Land that way;
>y which I was well afiur'd that we were got through,
nd that this Eaft-Land does not join to New-Gut-
\ea -, therefore I named it Nova-Britannia. The
sTorth-Weft Cape, I called Cape Glocefier, and the
iouth- Weft-point Cape Anns \ and the North- Weft

Mountain,

zzo Nova-Britannia. The Coajl of N. Guinea;

'A*.rjoo. Mountain, which is very remarkable, I call't
"" Mout Glocefier.

This Ifland which I called Nova-Britannia, ha
about 4 deg. of Latitude : The Body of it lying \\
4 deg. and the Northermoft part in 2 deg. 30 min
and the Southermoft in 6 deg. 30 min. South. I
has about 5 deg. 1 8 min. Longitude from Eaft tc
Weft, It is generally high, mountainous Land
mixt with large Valleys; which, as well as th<
Mountains, appeared very fertile ; and in moll
Places that we faw, the Trees are very large, tali
and thick. It is alfovery well inhabited withftrong
wett-limb'd Negroes, whom we found very daring
and bold at feveral Places. As to the Product of it,
I know no more than what I have faid in my Ao
count of Port Mountague: But it is very probable
this Ifland 'may afford' as many rich Commodities
as any in the World ; and the Natives may be eafr\
ly brought to Commerce, though I could not pre-
tend to it under my prefent Circumftances.
^ Being near the Ifland to the Northward of the
Pttlcano, I fent my Boat to found, thinking to an-
chor here ; bat me return'd and brought me Word
that they had no Ground, till they met with a Riff
of Coral Rocks about a Mile from the Shore. Then
I bore away to the North-fide of the If]and, where
we found no anchoring neither. We faw feveral
People, and fqme Coco-nut-Trees, but could not
fend afliore for want of my Pinnace which was out
of order. In the Evening I flood off to Sea, to be
at fuch a diftance, that I might not be driven by any
Current upon the Shoals of this Ifland, if it mould
prove calm. We had but little Wind, efpechlly
the Beginning of the Night ; but in the Morning I
found my felf fo far to. the Weft of the Ifland, that
thQ Wind being at Eaft-South-Eaft, I could not
fetch it; wherefore I kept on to the Southward,
and ftemm'd with ths Body of a high Ifland about

TheCoafl of New Guinea. 221

or 12 Leagues long, lying to the Southward of An. 1700,
at which I before defigned for. I named this
and Sir George Rook's Ifland,
We alfo faw fome other Iflands to the Weftward ;
lich may be better feen in my Draught of thefe
wi'ds, than here defcribed. But feeing a very
iall Iiland lying to the North- Weft of the long
and which was before us, and not far from it ; I
:er'd away for that ; hoping to find anchoring
ere : And having but little Wind, I fent my Boat
fore to found ; which, when we were about 2
iles diftance from the Shore, came on Board and
ought me Word that there was good anchoring in
> or 40 Fathom Water, a Mile from the Ifle, and
xhin a RifF of the Rocks which lay in a half
oon, reaching from the North-part of the Ifland

the South- Earl: ; fo at Noon we got in and an-
tored in 3d Fathom, a Mile from the Ifle.
In the Afternoon I fent my Boat afriore to the I-
,nd, to fee what Convenience there was to haul
ir Veffel afhore in order to be mended, and whe-
er we could catch aDy Fifh. My Men in the Boat
wed about the Ifland, but could not land by Rea-
n of the Rocks and a great Surge running in up-
1 the Shore. We found Variation here, 8 deg.
; min. Weft.

I defign'd to have ftay'd among thefe Iflands till I
d got my Pinnace refitted ; but having no more
an one Man who had skill to work upon her, I
w fhe would be a long Time in repairing •, ( which
is one great Reafon why I could not profecute my
ifcoveries further :') And the Eafterly Winds be-
g fet in, I found I mould fcarce be able to hold
y Ground.

The 31ft in the Forenoon we fhot in between 2
ands, lying about 4 Leagues afunder •, with In-
ntion to pafs between them. The Southermoft is

along

222 TheCoaft of New-Guinea:

An. 1706. a long Ifland, with a high Hill at each End; this 1
**r>T*' named Long Ifland. The Northermoft is a round
high Ifland towering up with feveral Heads or Tops,
fomething refembling a Crown ; this I named
Crown-Ifle, from its Form. Both thefe Iflands ap-
peared very pleafant, having Spots of green Savan-
nahs mixt among the Wood-land : The Trees ap-
peared very green and flourifhing, and fome of them
looked white and full of BlolToms. We paft cloft
by Crown-IJle -, faw many Coco-nut-Trees on the
Bays and the Sides of the Hills •, and one Boat was
coming off from the Shore, but return'd again,
We faw no Smoaks on either of the Iflands, neither
did we fee any Plantations -, and it is probable they
are not very well peopled. We faw many Shoah
near Crown- Ifland, and Riffs of Rocks running oil
from the Points, a Mile or more into the Sea. My
Boat was once over- board, with Defign to have feni
her aihore ; but having little Wind, and feeing fome
1 Shoals, I hoifted her in again, and flood off out oi
Danger.

In the Afternoon, feeing an Ifland bearing North-
Weft by Weft, we fteer'd away North- Weft by
North, to be to the Northward of it. The next
Morning, being about Mid-way from the Iflands
we left Yefterday, and having this to the Weft-
ward of us -, the Land of the Main of New Guinea
within us to the Southward, appear'd very high.
When we came within 4 or 5 Leagues of this Ifland
to the Weft of us, 4 Boats came off to view us ;
one came within call, but return'd with the other 3
without fpeaking to us : So we kept on for the I-
fland •, which I named Sir R. Rich's Ifland. It was
pretty high, woody, and mixt with Savannah's like
thofe formerly mentioned. Being to the North of
it, we faw an Opening between it and another Ifland
2 Leagues to the Weft of it, which before appear'd

all

—

Val III. 2d.rtr z .Damp} . Jfay,
JdUe-'J'lV. Iflandj on the Gm/l of J$. Guinea

il^.V;.-- ' ' :

crf.w.-i; w. 8

&r. w. I. w£ w, tyt./Z .

&r.cz

S,H.b.JE.c)Z.

*>r~JS.JE.toZ

SZb J. 7 2,

**£■*£*■ ' swiw.

J, h. -w. 8J<

J.SJSioZ.

J, it/.£J. 7.1.

Thus jJmuas y i&.Sch.<yu*exL a± thefe, Ji4a.rt.Tia3 and- 2>ifha,ncej
-W. b.J. £J. nZ

The Coaft of New- Guinea. 225

1 One. The Main feemed to be high Land, An, 1700.
ding to the Weftward. . ^N

>n "tuefday the 2d of April, about 8 in the Morn-

we difcovered a high peeked Ifland to the
[tward, which feem'd to fmoak at its Top. The
: Day we paft by the North-fide of the Burning
id, and faw a Smoak again at its Top ♦, but the
t lying on the South-fide of the Peek, we could
obferve it diftin&ly, nor fee the Fire. We af-
rards opened 3 more Iflands, and fome Land to
Southward, which we could not well tell whe-

it were Iflands or Part of the Main. Thefe I-
ds are all high, full of fair Trees and Spots of
m Savannahs ; as well the Burning Ifle as the
♦, but the Burning Ifle was more round and
k'd at Top, very fine Land near the Sea, and

two Thirds up it. We alfo faw another Ifle
ling forth a great Smoak at onCe ♦, but it foon
ilhed, and we faw it: no more. We faw alfo a-
ig thefe Iflands 3 fmall Veifels with Sails, which

People on Nova Britannia feem wholly igno-
t of.

Hie 1 ith at Noon, having a very good Obferva*
i, I found my felf to the Northward of my
jkoning ; and thence concluded that we had a
rrent fetting North- Weft, or rather more Weft-
1 as the Land lies. From that Time to the
:t Morning, we had fair clear Weather, and a
\ moderate Gale from South-Eaft to Eaft by
rth : But at Day-break, the Clouds began to
! and it lightned very pruch in the Eaft, South-
ft, and North-Eaft. At Sun-rifing, the Sky .
>k'd very red in the Eaft near the Horizon ; and
:re were many black Clouds both to the South
i North of it. About a Quarter of an Hour af-
• the Sun was up, there was a Squall to the Wind-
id of us 5 when on a fudden oraepf our Men 011

the

224 A Spout.

. An. 1700 the Fore-caftle called out that he /aw fomething
^V^ ftern, but could not tell what : f look'd out for
and immediately faw a Spout beginning to wc
within a Quarter of a Mile of us, exaftly in
Wind. We prefently put right before ifc It ca
very fwiftly, whirling the Water up ift a Pillar
bout 6 or 7 Yards high. As yet I Could not
any pendulous Cloud, from whence it might con
and was in Hopes it would foon lofe its Force. I
or 5 Minutes Time, it Came within a Cable's Lenj
of us, and pail away to Leeward ; and then I fa\
long pale Stream, coming down to the whirli
Water. This Stream was about the Bignefs oi
Rainbow : The upper End feefh'd vaftly high, r
defending from any dark Cloud, arid therefore 1
more ftrange to me ; I never having feen the li
before. It paft about a Mile to Leeward of us, a
then broke. This was but a fmall Spout, r
ftrong nor lading ; yet I perceived much Wind in
as it paft by us. The Current ftill continued
North- Weft a little Wefterly, which I allow'd
run a Mile per Hour.

By an Obfervation the 1 3 th at Noon, I found n
felf 25 min. to the Northward of my Reckoning
whether occafion'd by bad Steerage, a bad Accoui
or a Current, I could not determine ; but was a
to judge it might be a Complication of all ; foi
could not think it was wholly the Current, the Lai
here lying Eaft by South, and Weft by North,
a little more Northerly and Southerly. We 1
kept fo nigh as to fee it, and at fartheft had n
been above 20 Leagues from it, but fometim
much nearer j and it is not probable that any Cu
rent ihould fet directly off from a Land. A Tj
indeed may ; but then the Flood has the fame For
to ftrike in' upon the Shore, as the Ebb to ftril
off* from it : But a Current muft have fet nearly

lor

A Conjecture concerning a new Taffagel 215

ing Shore, either Eafterly or Wefterly 5 and if An. 1700;
ly thing Northerly or Southerly, it could be but ^OT^-
jry little in Companion of its Eaft or Weft Courfe,
1 a Coaft lying as this doth -, which yet we did
)t perceive* If therefore we were deceiv'd by a
urrent, it is very probable that the Land is here
sjoyn'd, and that there is a Tallage through to the
Duthward, and that the Land from King William's
ape to this Place is an Ifland, feparated from New-
uinea by fome Streight, as Nova-Britannia is by
tat which we came through. But this being at belt
it a probable Conjecture, I mall infill no farther
Don it.

The 14th we. pafled by Scouien's Ifland and Pre-
sence Ifland, and found ftill a very ftrong Current
tting to the North-Weft. On the 1 7th we faw a
gh Mountain on the Main, that fent forth great
quantities of Smoak from its Top : This Vulcano
e" did not fee in our Voyage out. In the Afier-
>on we difcovered King William's Ifland, and
owded all the Sail we could, to get near it before
ight ; thinking to lye to the Eaftward of it till
ay, for fear of fome Shoals that lye at the Weft-
id of it. Before Night we got within 2 Leagues
' it, and having a fine Gak of Wind and a light
[oon, I refolv'd to pafs through in the Night ;
hich I hop'd to do before 1 2 a-Clock, if the Gale
mtinued ; but when we came within 2 Miles of it,
fell calm ; yet afterwards by the Help of the Cur-
nt, a fmall Gale, and our Boat, we got through
fore Day. In the Night we had a very fragrant
nell from the Ifland. By Morning-light we were
Dt 2 Leagues to the Weftward of it ; and then
^re becalm'd all the Morning •, and met fuch
hiding Tides, that when we came into them, the
lip turn'd quite round •, and though fometimes
e had a fmall Gale of Wind, yet (he could not

Vol, III. OL feel

226 Whirlpools. Coajl of New-Guinea?

An. rjoo.feel the Helm when Hie came into tfrefe Whirl-
^vx. p00}s . Neither could we get from amongft them,
till a brisk Gale fprung up ; yet we drove not much
any v/ay, but whirl'd round like a To.p. And
thofe Whirlpools were not conftant to one Place,
but drove about ftrangely ; and fometimes we faw
among them large Riplings of the Water, like
great Over-falls, making a fearful Noife. I fent
. my Boat to found, but found no Ground.

The 1 8th, Cape Mabo bore S. diftance 9
Leagues. By which Account it lies in the Lati-
tude of $o min. South, and Meridian diftance from
* Cape S. George 1 243 Miles. S. John's Ifle lies 48 Miles
to the Eaift of Cape St. George ; which being added
to the Diftance between Cape St. George and Cape
Mabo , makes 1291 Meridional Parts ; which was
the fin theft that I was to the Eaft. In my outward
bound Voyage I made Meridian diftance between
Cape Mabo and Cape St. George, 1290 Miles ; and
now in my Return, but 1243 -, which is 47"fhort of
my diftance going out. This Difference may pro-
bably be occafion'd by the ftrong Weftern Current
which we found in our Return, which I allowed for
after 1 perceiv'd it °, and though we did not difcern
any Current when we went to the Eaftward, except
when near the Iflands ; yet it is probable we had one
againft us, though we did not take Notice of it be-
caufe of the ftrong Wefterly Winds. King Willi-
am's Ifland lies in the Latitude of 2 1 Min. South,
and may be (ten diftinctly off of Cape Mabo.

In the Evening we paft by Cape Mabo ; and after-
wards fteer'd away South-Eaft, half Eaft, keeping
along the Shore, which here trends South-eafterly.
The next Morning feeing a large Opening in the
Land, with an Ifland near the South-fide ; I flood
in, thinking to anchor there. When we were mot
Leagues of the Ifland, the Wind came

The Coaft of New-Guinea.^ ±2?

.6 the Weft, which blows right into the Opening. ^». 1700;
[ flood to the North Shore ; intending, when I i^*VNi
:ame pretty nigh to fend my Boat into the Opening,
md found, before I would adventure in. We
bund feveral .deep Bays, but no Soundings
within 2 Miles of the Shore ; therefore I ftood oif
igain. Then feeing a Ripling under our Lee, I
ent my Boat to found on it 1 which return'd in
lalf an Hour, and brought me Word that the Rip-
ing we faw was only a Tide, and that they had no
jround there.

CHAP.

22 s The Coaft of New-Guinea."

An. 1700.

^y*^ .*. $ >$• % .$• & & <$• & i * & •% * ■*• * * * £- '* & * &
CHAP. V.

tT/'e A's return from the Coaft of New- Guinea. A deep Channel,
Strange Tides, ihe Ijland Ceram described. Strange Fouls.
The IJlandt Bonao, Bouro, Mifacombi, Pentare, Laubana,
and Po oro. Ihe Pajfage between Pentare and Laubana. The
Ijland Timor, Babao Bay. The Jfiand Rotte. More I/lands
than are commonly laid down in the Draughts. Great Cur-
rents. Whales. Coaft of New-Holland. The Tryal-Rocks.
The Coaft of Java Princes lile. Streights of Sunda. Thwart-
the way Ijland. Indian Proes, and their Traffic!:. Pajfage
through the Streight. Arrival at Batavia.

TH E Wind feeming to incline to Eaft, as
might be expected according to the Seafon of
the Year ; I rather chofe to fhape my Courfe as
thefe Winds would belt permit, than ftrive to return
the fame way we came ; which, for many Leagues,
muft have been againfl this Monfoon : Though in-
deed on the other hand, the Dangers in that way,
we already knew ; but what might be in this, by
which we now propofed to return, we could not
tell.

We were now in a Channel about 8 or 9 Leagues
wide, having a Range of Iflands on the North-fide,
and another on the South-fide, and very deep Wa-
ter between, fo that we had no Ground. The 2 2d
of April in the Morning, I fent my Boat afhore tG
< an Ifland on the North-fide, and flood that way
with the Ship. They found no Ground till within
a Cable's length of the Shore, and then had Coral
Rocks ; fo that they could not catch any Fifh,
though they faw a great many. They brought
aboard a fmall Canoa, which they found a-drift
They met with no Game afhore, fave only one party-
colour'd Parrakite. The Land is of an indifferem

Height

_ J»

T. Jitt-r i, .Damp., f&y.
^/jj?^. t&^ol° arul other ZftanOj between it arUBour<

rta-At: ■jpjanie, -time.

&•*&&*"*'»*&* *nd.*cj? same, -tzme-j^J^i .

^te-t^j^iu *.jjg* ma.m?v same, ttme-V^
JSeirel andjr jmallJiL toy&r.wanltrf*

| ^pL-thair Uys in -the Saicthwa.nl of JBona. 86 3 ouzo

-s

Stravge Tides. 220

Height ; very Rocky, yet cloathed with tall Trees, ^*. 1700."
whofe bare Roots run along upon the Rocks. Our ^Y^
People faw a Pond of Salt Water, but found no
frefh. Near this Ifland we met a pretty flrong
Tide, but found neither Tide nor Current off at
fome diftance.

On the 24th, being about 2 Leagues from an I-
fland to the Southward of us, we came over a
Shoal on which we had but 5 Fathom and a half.
We did not defcrie it, till we faw the Ground un-
der us. In lefs than half an Hour before, the Boat
had been founding in difcoloured Water, but had
no Ground. We mann'd the Boat prefently, and
tow'd the Ship about ; and then founding, had 12,
15 and 17 Fathom, and then no Ground with our
Hand-lead. The Shoal was rocky ; but in 1 2 and
15 Fathom we had oazy Ground.

We found here very ftrange Tides, that ran in
Streams, making a great Sea •, and roaring fo loud,
that we could hear them before they came within a
Mile of us. The Sea round about them feem'd all
broken, and toiled the Ship fo that fhe would not
anfwer her Helm. Thefe Riplings commonly laft-
ed 10 or 12 minutes, and then the Sea became as
Hill and fmooth as a Mill-pond. We founded
often when in the midft of them, and afterwards
in the fmooth Water ; but found no Ground, nei-
ther could we perceive that they drove us any
way.

We had in one Night feveral of thefe Tides,
that came moft of them from the Weft ; and the
Wind being from that Quarter, we commonly-
heard them a long time before they came j and
fometimes lowered our Top-fails, thinking it was
a Guft of Wind. They were of great length from
North to South, but their breadth not exceeding
200 Yards, and they drove a great pace: For
though we had little Wind to move us, yet thefe
Q^ 3 would

%lo The IJland Ceram*

rAn. 1700. would foon pafs away, and leave the Water very
^v^ fmooth \ and juft before we encountred them, we
met a great Swell, but it did not break.

The 26th we faw the Iiland Ceram \ and ftill met
fome Riplings, but much fainter than thofe we had
the 2 preceeding Days. We fail'd along the Iiland
Ceram to the Weftward, edging in withal, to fee if
peradventure we might find a 'Harbour to anchor
in, where we might water, trim the Ship, and re-
frefh our Men.

In the Morning we faw a Sail to the North of
us, fleering in for the Weft-end of Ceram, as we
likewife were. In the Evening, being near the
Shore on the North- fide of the Iiland, I ilood off tq
Sea with an eafy Sail ; intending to ftand in for
the Shore in the Morning, and try to find Anchor-
ing, to fill Water, and get a little Fifh for refrelh-
pient. Accordingly in the Morning early, I ftood
in. with the North- Weft-point of Ceram -, . leaving a.
frnall Iiland, called Bonao, to the Weft. The Sail
we faw the Day before, was now come pretty nigh
us, fleering in alfo. (as we didj between Ceram and
Bonao. I Ihortned Sail a little for him 1 and when
fie-got a-breaft of us, not above 2 Miles off, I fen?
my Boat aboard. It was a Dutch Sloop,- come from
Terranate, and bound for Amboyna : My Men
■whom I ftnt in the Boat, bought 5 Bags of new^
Rice, each containing about 130 pounds, for 6
Spanijb Dollars. The Sloop had many rare Parrots
aboard for Sale, which did not want price. A
Malayan Merchant aboard, told our Men, that
about 6 Months ago he was at Bencola, and at that
fime the Goveraour either dyed or was kill'd, and
frhat the Commander of an Englifh Ship then irj
that Road liicceeded to that Government.

in the Afternoon,, having a Breeze at North,
fesf North-North- Eaft-, I lent my Boat to found,
$nd iiandif]^ after her with the Ship, anchored in

20 Fa-

T&fj. JJX &ut .%■ JDarrip, tfhy.

A Stately Xnmdlfoudjvicnd on the
Coast- of <Mkw Guinea, d&fcriked,

■ ■■*..

• j

: J

3?hwl found on the
JHand C&r&m, .
d&s-eriked 3?ao& i6f

*f*&3*.

Strange Fowls, T * x

30 Fathom Water oazy Sand, half a Mile frotti the^Hco-
Shore, right againfl a fmall River of frefli Water. ^ Y
The next Morning I fent both the Boats afhore to
Fifh; they return'd about 10 a-Clock, with a few
Mullets and 3 or 4 Cavallies, and feme Pan-Fifh.
We found Variation here, 2 deg. 15 min. Eaft.

When the Sea was fmooth by the Land- Winds,
we fent our Boats afhore for Water ;, who, in a few
! Turns, filled all our Casks.

The Land here is low, fwampy and woody ;
the Mould is a. dark Grey, friable Earth. Two
Rivers came out within a Bow-mot of each other,
juft oppofite to the place where we rode: One
comes right down out of the Country •, and the o-
ther from the South, running along by the Shore,
' not Mufquet-fhot from the Sea-fide. The Norther-
moil River is biggeft, and out of it we filled our
Water ; our Boats went in and out at any time of
Tide. In fome places the Land is overflown with
frefh Water, at full Sea. The Land hereabouts is
full of Trees unknown to us, but none of them
very large or high; the Woods yield many wild
Fruits and Berries, fuch as I never faw elfewhere.
We met with no Land- Animals. The Fowls we
' found, were Pidgeons, Parrots, Cock-adores, and
a great number of fmall Birds unknown to me. One
of the Mailer's Mates killed 2 Fowls as big as
Crows; of a black Colour, excepting that the
Tails were all white. Their Necks were pretty
Jong, one of which was of a Saffron-colour, the ©«
ther Black. They had very large Bills, much like
a Rams-horn •, their Legs were tlrong and Short,
and their claws like a Pidgeon's ; their Wings of an
ordinary length : Yet they make a great Noife when
they fly, which they do very heavily. They feed
on Berries, and perch on 'the higheft Trees. Their
Flefh is fweet ; I faw fome of the fame Species at
New-Guinea, but no where elfe,

0*. 4 Ma^

2 3 2 !Tfe IJlands Bonao ^^ Bouro.

^.1700.^ Mz)> the 3d, at 6 in the Morning we weighed,
^"V^ intending to pafs between Bonao and Qeram ; but
prefently after we got under Sail, we faw a pretty
large Proe coming about the North- Weft-point of
Ceram. Wherefore I flood to the North to fpeak
with her, putting aboard our Enfign. She feeing
us coming that way, went into a fmail Creek, and
skulked behind a Point a while : At laft difcover-
ing her again, I Cent my Boat to fpeak with her ;'
but the Proe row'd away, and would not come
nigh it, After this, finding I could not pafs between
Bonao and Ceram, as I purpofed ; I fteer'd away to
the North of it.

This Bonao is a fmall Ifland, lying about 4
Leagues from the North- Weft Point of Ceram, I
was inform'd by the Dutch Sloop before-mentioned,
that notwithstanding its fmallnefs, it hath one fine
River, and that the Dutch are there fettled-. Whe-
ther there be any Natives on it, or not, I know not,
nor what its Produce is. They further faid, that
the Ceramers were their mortal Enemies ; yet that
they were fettled on the Weftermpft Point of Ceram,
in fpite of the Natives.

The next Day, as we approached the Ifland Bou-
ro, there came off from it a very fragrant Scent,
much like that from King William's Ifland ; and we
found fo ftrong a Current fetting to the Weftward,
that we could fcarce ftem it. We plied to get to
the Southward, intending to pafs between Bouro and
$.eelang.

hi the Evening, being near the Weft-end of
Bouro, we faw a Brigantine to the North- Weft of
us, on the North-fide of Bouro, ftanding to the
Eaftward. I would not ftand Eaft or Weft for
fear pf coming nigh the- Land which was on each
fide of us, viz. Bouro on the Weft, and Keelang on
the Eaft. The next Morning we found our felves
/ |q Mid-channel between both Iflands 5 and having

the

YVj B/Ouro anl athtr Jjlandj httu^en itandA-mhc &*$fc
M. ma-kurhtu at ■&*ft&*arinyi wtuny '■ J/l.3ona.Jheu* oty oA#jM*

j/^u^^^/t.J^mhoiovr and 3ouro at thtfc fteariripS

S.X^J.joZ.

-dmbo

S.JS. a I,

tfHfi&nirtnfS Sh&t^ethy ' IfL.Ambo atUyJflands a.s you. set toy South

W&trdofttr,

■w. iw.yZ- _ J- '*£& -Z • S- w x W 'txX

At*

uj Jhew^ylAandjl**vfo*rLk and Patrterra attht/t&eartnj* w?*

i earn* hetuv&n, aty^arinps ?r.w:h.3$. alfo y Z/buUs Utuvin, tfrat:

dAjoiho'aj.youM.^ -^ ^ . . . ,

, j&urt fff J\tx\oo ,

The IJland Bouro. 233

Wind at South- Weft we fteer'd South-South- An< ijcoi
:, which is right through between both. At^VV*
,-Clock it fell calm, and fo continued till Noon •,
:hat time the Brigantine, which we faw a-Stern
Night before, was got 2 or 3 Leagues a-head of
It is probable fhe met a ftrong Land-wind in
Evening, which continued all Night ; fhe keep-
nearer the Shore, than I could fafely do. She
ht likewife have a Tide or Current fetting
:erly, where fhe was ; though we had a Tide
ng Northwardly againft us, we being in Mid-
mel.

ibout 8 at Night, the Brigantine which we faw
he Day, came clofe along by us on our Wea-
•-fide : Our Guns were all ready before Night,
tches lighted, and fmall Arms on the Quarter-
:k ready loaden. She {landing one way, and we
ther -, we foon got further afunder. But I kept
d watch all the Night, and in the Morning faw
a-Stern of us, ftanding as we did. At 10 a-
ck, having little Wind, I fent the Yawle aboard
her. She was a Chinefe VeiTel, laden with Rice,
ack, Tea, Procellane, and other Commodities,
nd for Amboyna. The Commander faid that
Boat was gone afhore for Water, and ask'd our
1 if they faw her *, for fhe had been wanting 2 or
)ays, and they knew not what was become of
They had their Wives, and Children aboard,
probably came to fettle at fome new Dutch Fac-
I The Commander alfo inform'd us, that
Dutch had lately fettled at Ampulo, Menifipe,
ao, and on a Point of Ceram. The next Day
paft put to the Southward between Keelang and
ro. After this, we had for feveral Days a
•rent fetting Southerly, and a great tumbling
, oceafion'd more by the ftrong Current than by
nds, as was apparent by the jumping of its
ives againft each other j and by Obfervation I

found

2 34 The Ifland Mifacomby;

\4n. *7oo.fo!ind 25 Miles more Southing then our Cou

V-y-w gave us>

On the 14th we difcovered the Ifland Mifacom
and the next Day fail'd along to the Weft on
North-fide of the Ifland. In fome Charts it is c
ied Omba ; it is a mountainous Ifland, fpotted ^
Woods and Savannahs •, about 20 Leagues loi
and 5 or 6 broad. We faw no figns of Inhabita
on it. We fell in nearefl to the Weft-end of
and therefore I chofe to pafs on to the Weftwa
intending to get through to the Southward betw
this and the next Ifle to the Weft of it, or betw
any other 2 Iflands to the Weft, where I fho
meet with the cleareft Paffage •,- becaufe the Wi:
were now at North-Eaft and Eaft-North-Eaft, \
the Ifle lies nearly Eaft and Weft-, fo that if
Winds continued, I might be a long time in gett
to the Eaft-end of it, which yet I knew to be
beft Paffage, Jn the Night, being at the Weft-ei
and feeing no clear Paffage, I flood off with
eafie Sail, and in the Morning had a fine Lai
wind, which would have carried us 5 or 6 Leag
to the Eaft, \f we had made the beft of it ; but
kept on only with a gentle Gale, for fear 0
Wefterly Current. In the Morning, finding we 1
not met with any Current as we expected •, affc
as it was Light, we made Sail to the Weftw;
again,

After Noon, being near the end of the Ifle P
iare^ which lies Weft from Mifacomby, we faw ma
Houfes and Plantations in the Country, and m?
Coco-nut-Trees growing by the Sea-fide. We a
law feveral Boats failing crofs a Bay or Channel
the Weft-end of Mifacomby, between it and Penk
We had but little Wind, and that, at North, wh
blows right in, with a Swell rowling in with;
wherefore I was afraid to venture in, though p:
hably there might be good Anchoring, arid a Co

The IJland PentareJ .2 1 $

zt with the Natives. I continued fleering to An. 1700.
Weft, beeaufe the Night before, at Sun-fetting, i-^V>J
sva fmall found high Ifland to the Weft of
tare, where I expected a good Paffage,
fe could not that Day reach the Weft-end of
tare, but faw a deep Bay to the Weft of us,
fe I thought might be' a Paffage through, be-
m Pentare and Laubana. But as yet the Lands
t fhut one within an other, that we could not
any Paffage. Therefore I ordered to fail 7
gues more Wefterly, and lye by till next DayT
be Morning we look'd out for an Opening, but
d fee none ; yet by the diftance and bearing
j high round Ifland called Potoro, we were got
he Weft of the Opening, but not far from it,
erefore I tack'd and flood to the Eaft 5 and
rather, beeaufe I had reafon to fuppofe this to
he Paffage we came through in the Cygnet menr
ed in my Voyage round the World ; but I was
yet fure of it, beeaufe we had rainy Weather,
bat we could not now fee the Land fo well as
did then. We then accidentally faw the Open-
at our firft falling in with the Iflands -, which
■ was a Work of fome time and difficulty to
over. However before 10 a Clock we faw the
:ning plain ; and I was the more confirm'd in
Knowledge of this Paffage, by a Spit of Sand
2 Wands at the North-Earl part of its Entrance.
: Wind was at South-South- Weft, and we plied
ret through before Night -, for we found a good
e helping us to the South. About 7 or 8
gues to the Weft of us we faw a high round
id Mountain, from whofe Top a Smoak feem'd
afcend as from a Vulcano. There were 3 other
1 high piked Mountains, 2 on the Eaft, and 1
;he Weft of that which fmoaked.

In ■

2^6 The IJIand Pentare.

rAn. iyco- In our plying to get through between Pentare :
^VN^ Laubana, we had (as I faid j a good Tide or Curr
fetting us to the Southward. And it is to be
ferved, that near the Shores in thefe Parts we cc
monly find a Tide fetting Northwardly or Sou
wardly, as the Land lyes ; but the Northwar
Tide fets not above 3 Hours in 12, having li
Jtrength ; and fometimes it only checks the com
ry Current, which runs with great Violence,
pecially in narrow Paries, fuch as this, betwee;
Ifiands. It was 12 at Night before we got clear
2 other fmali Ifiands, that lay on the South-1
of the Paffage ; and there we had a very viol
Tide fetting us through againft a brisk Gale
Wind. Notwithflanding which, I kept the P
nace out, for fear we mould be becalm'd. For 1
is the fame place, through which I pafTed in
Year 1687, mentioned in my Voyage round
World, (T^g. 459.) Only then- we came out 1
tween the Weftern fmall Ifland and Laubana, a
now we came through between the two fmall
flands. We founded frequently, but had no Groui
I faid there, that we came through between On
and Pentare : For we did not then fee the Openi
between thofe 2 Ifiands ; which made me take 1
Weft-fide of Pentare for the Weft-end of Om
and Laubana for Pentare. But now we faw the
pening between Omba and Pentare •, which was
narrow, that I would not venture through • I
fides, I had now difcovered my Miftake, a
hop'd to meet with the other Paffage again, as :
deed we did, and found it to be bold from Side
Side, which in the former Voyage I did not kno
After we were through, we made the bell of 0
way to Timor % and on May the 18th in the Moi
ing, we faw it plain, and made the high Land o\
La£hao the Portuguese Factory, as alfo the hij

The Ifland Timor, 237

k over our firft Watering-place, and a fm all An. 1700.
rid Ifland about mid-way between them. UnfM

Ve coafted along the Ifland Titnor, intending
;ouch at Babao9 to get a little "Water and Re-
timents. I would not go into the Bay where
firft water'd, becaufe of the Currents which
■e whirl about very ftrangely, efpecially at
ing-tides, which were now fetting in •, befides,
South-Eaft Winds come down in Flaws from the
untains, fo that it would have been very dange-
s for us. .Wherefore we crowded all the Sail we
Id, to get to Babao before Night, or at leaft to
Sight of the fandy Ifland at the Entrance of the
r -, but could not. So we plied all Night *, and

next Morning entered the Bay.
rhere being good Ground all over this Bay, we
hored at 2 a Clock in 30 Fathom Water, foft
;y Ground. And the Morning after I fent my
it afliore with the Sain to fifh. At Noon fhe re-
n'd and brought enough for all the Ship's Com-
ly. They faw an Indian Boat at a round rocky
,nd about a Mile from them.
3n the 2 2d, I fent my Boat afhore again to
t : At Noon me return'd with a few Fifh, which
v'd me and my Officers. They catch'd one
hiteing, the firft I had ken in thefe Seas. Our
ople went over to the rocky Ifland, and there
ind feveral Jarrs of Turtle, and fome hanging

a drying, and fome Cloaths ; their Boat was a-
ut a Mile off, ftriking Turtle. Our Men left all
they found. In the Afternoon a very large Shark
me under our Stern ; I never had feen any near

big before. I put a Piece of Meat on a Hook
r him, but he went a-Stern and return'd no more,
bout Mid-night, the Wind being pretty moderate,
weigh'd and ftood into the Bottom of the Bay,
d ran over nearer the South Shore, where I
ought to lye and Water, and at convenient Times

get

1 3 8 The lfland Timor. Fault of the ^Draught

An. 1700 get Fifh for our Refreshment. The next Morn
J^^VV I feht my Pinnace with 2 Hogfheads and 1 o I
recoes for Water ; they return'd at Noon with
Casks full of Water, very thick and muddy,
fweet and good. We found Variation, 15 n
Well.

This Afternoon, finding that the Breezes were
in here, and that it blew fo hard that I could neit
fifh nor fill Water without much Difficulty and 3
zard of the Boat ; I refolved to be gone, hav
good Quantity of Water aboard. Accordingly
half an Hour after 2 in the Morning we weig
with the Wind at Eaft by South, and flood to 5
We coafted along by the lfland Rotte, which is h
Land, fpotted with Woods and Savannahs. 1
Trees appear'd fmall and fhrubby, and the
vannahs dry and rufty. All the North- fide
fandy Bays by the Sea. We faw no Houfes :
Plantations.

The next Day we crowded all the Sail we co
to get to the Weil of all the Ifies before Night,
could not ; for at 6 in the Evening we faw L;
•bearing South-Weft by Weft. For here are m
Iflands than are laid down in any Draughts th
have feen. Wherefore I was/oblig'd to mak<
more Wefterly Courfethan I intended, till I jud
■we might be clear of the Land. And when
were fo, I could eafily perceive by the Ship's Moti
For till then, being under the Lee of the Shore,
had fmooth 'Water; but now we had a troub
Sea which made us dance laftily. This turbul
Sea, was occafion'd in Part by the Current ; wh
fetting outflanting againft the Wind, was by it 1
fed into fhort cockling Seas. I did indeed expec"
South- Weft Current here, but not fo very ftrc

Strange Currents. Whales. % % 9

^)n the 26th we continued to have a very ftrono-^». 1700.
rrent fetting Southwardly •, but on what Poinc '***"s*
ctly, I know not. Our whole Diftance by Log
i but 82 Miles, and our Difference of Latitude
:e Yefterday-noon by Obfervation . 1 00 Miles*
ich is 1 8 Miles more than the whole Diftance 5
[ our Courfe, allowing no Lee-way at all, was
ith 17 deg. Weft, which gives but 76 Miles Dif-
>nce of Latitude, 24 lefs than we found by Ob-
lation. I did expect (as has been faid) we might
ft a great Current fetting to the South Yefterday,
aufe there is a conftant Current fetting out from
ong thofe Iflands we pafs'd through between Tu
- and the Ifles to the Weft of it, and, 'tis proba*
, in all the other Openings between the 111 an ds,
n from the Eaft-end of Java to the End of all
t Range that runs from thence, both to the Eaft
I Weft of Timor ; But being got fo far out to
, as we were, though there may be a very great
rrent, yet it does not feem probable to me that
hould be of fo great Strength as we now found :
r both Currents and Tides lofe their Force in

open Sea, where they have room to fpread •,
I it is only in narrow Places, or near Head-lands,
t their Force is chiefly felt. Befides'in my Opi-
n, it ihould here rather fet to the Weft than
ith ; being open to the narrow Sea, that divides
w-Holland. from the Range of Iflands before-
ntioned.

Fhe 27th, we found that in the laft 24 Hours we
I gone 9 Miles lefs South than the Log gave : So
t 'tis probable we were then out of the Southern
rrent, which we fdt fo much before. We faw
ny Tropick-Birds about us. And found Varia-
I 1 deg. 25 min. Weft.
Dn June the ift, we faw feveral Whales, the firft

had at this Time feen on the Coaft: But when
were here before, we faw many ; at which Time

240 Great Change in the Variatibn.

jin. 1700. We were nearer the Shore than now. The Variati
now, was 5 deg. 38 min. Weft.

I defign'd to have made New-Holland in about t
Latitude of 20 deg. and fteer'd Courfes by Day-
make it, but in the Night could not be fo bold ;
pecially fince we had founding. This Afternoor
fteer'd in South-Weft, till 6 a-Clock; then it bio
ing frefh, and Night coming on, I fteer'd We
South-JVeft, till we had 40 Fathom ; and th
ftood Weft, which Courfe carries along Shore,
the Morning again from 6 to 12 I fteer'd We
South- Weft, to have made the Land, but, not i
ing it, I judged we were to the Weft of it. H<
is very good Soundings on this Coaft. When
paft this way to the Ealtward, we had, near this I
titude of 19 deg. 50 min. 38 Fathom, about
Leagues from the Land : But, this Time, we f
not the Land. The next Morning I faw a gr<
many Scuttle-Fifh-bones, which was a Sign that ■
were not far from the Land. Alfo a great ma
Weeds continually floating by us.

We found the Variation increafe confiderably
we went Weftward. For on the 3d, it was 6 d<
10 min. Weft; on the 4th, 6 deg. 20 min. and
the 6th, 7 deg. 20 min. That Evening we f
fome Fowls like Men of War Birds flying Nori
Eaft, as I was told •, for I did not fee them, havi
been indifpofed thefe 3 or 4 Days.

On the 1 1 th we found the Variation 8 deg.^ 1 m
Weft; on the 12th, 6 deg. o min. I kept on r
Courfe to the Weftward till the 15th, and then
tered it. My Defign was to feek for the Tryal Rock
but having been fick 5 or 6 Days, without a
frefh Proviiion or other good Nourifhment aboai
and feeing no Likelihood of my Recovery, I rati
chofe to go to fome Port in Time, than to b<
here any longer ; my People being very negligej
when I was not upon Deck my felf : I found t

Wir

The Coaft of Java. 24 1

rinds variable, fo that I might go any way, Eaft> -#»< 17°°-
reft, North, or South; wherefore, its probable' I V-^Vr>V
ight have found the faid Rocks, had not Sicknefs
evented me ; which Difcovery ('when ever made)
11 be of great ufe to Merchants trading to thefe

.rts.

From hence nothing material happened, till we
me upon the Coaft of Java. On the 23d we faw
inces-IJle plain, and the Mouth of the Streights of
nda. By my Computation, the Diftance between
mr and Princes-Ifle, is 14 deg. 22 min* The
xt Day in the Afternoon, being abreaft of Crocka-
*e Ifland, I fteer'd away Eaft-North-Eaft for an
ind that lies near Mid-way between Sumatra and
•■va, but neareft the Java Shore ; which is by En-
fh Men called Tbwart-tbe-zvay. We had but
lall Winds till about 3 a-Clock, when itfrelhned,
d I was in good Hopes to pafs through before
ly : But at 9 a Clock the Wind fell, and we got
t little. I was then abreaft of cthwart-tbe-way9
u'ch is a pretty high long Ifland \ but before 1 1 ,
g Wind turned, and ,prefently afterward it fell
Im. I was then about 2 Leagues from the faid
and 5 and, having a.ftrong Current againft us,
fore Day we were driven aftern 4 or 5 Leagues.
the Morning we had the Wind at North-No r th-
eft ; it look'd black and the Wind unfettled : So
it I could not expect to get through. I therefore
>od toward the Java Shore, and at 10 anchored
24 Fathom Water, black oazy Ground, 3
:agues from the Shore. I founded in the Night
ien it was calm, and had 54 Fathom, coarfe Sand
d Coral.

In the Afternoon before, we had ieen many
•oes •, but none came off to us •, and in the Night
I faw many Fires aftiore. This Day a large Proe
me aboard of us, and lay by our Side an Hour,
here were only 4 Men in her, all Javians, who
Vol, III. R * fpoke

H* Streights of Sun&h

^jroofpokt the Malayan Language. They ask'd if w
*-/'vV were EngUJh j I anfwered, we were ; and prefentl
one of them came aboard, and prefented me with
fmall Hen, fome Eggs and Coco-nuts •, for whic
I gave fome Beads and a fmall Looking-Glafs, an
fome Glafs-Bottles. They alfo gave me fome Si
gar-canes, which I diftributed to fuch of my Me
as were fcorbutick. They told me there were
Engli/h Ships at Batavia.

The 28 th at 2 in the Afternoon we anchored i
26 Fathom Water -, prefently it fell calm and bega
to rain very violently, and fo continued from 3 ti
9 in the Evening. At 1 in the Morning we weigh'
with a fine Land-wind at South-South-Eaft ; bi
prefently the Wind coming about at Eaft, we ai
chored j for we commonly found the Current fe
ting Weft. If at any Time it turn'd, it Was i
weak, that it did us little good ; and I did n<
think it fafe to venture through without a prett
brisk leading Gale ; for the Paffage is but narrov
and I knew not what Dangers might be in the wa^
nor how the Tide fets in the Narrow, having n<
been this way thefe 28 Years, and all my Peop
wholly Strangers : We had the Opening fair bi
fore us.

While we lay here, 4 Malayan P^oes came froi
the Shore, laden with Coco-nuts, Plantains, Bon:
noes, Fowls, Ducks, Tobacco, Sugar, &c. . The]
were very welcome, and we purchafed much Ri
frefhment of them. At 10 a-Clock I difmifs'd a
the Boats, and weigh'd with the Wind at Nortl
Weft. At half an Hour paft 6 in the Evening
we anchored in 32 Fathom Water in a coarfe Soi
of Oaze. We were now paft the Ifland Thwar,
f he-way, but had ftill one of the fmall Iflands t
pafs. The Tide begun to run ftrong to the Weft
which obliged me to anchor while I had Sounding-
for Fear of being driven back again or on fome ur

know

Str eights Gf Sundav 24^

cnown Sand. I lay ftill all Night. At $ a Clock A»- 1700.
he next Morning, the Tide began to flacken : At ^YN*
>, I weig'd with the Wind at South-Eaft by Eaft,
l handfom Breeze. We juft weather' d the Button %
md founding feveral Times, had ftill between 30
md 40 Fathom* When we were abreaft of the BuU
on, and about 2 Leagues from the Weftewnoft
)oint of Java, we had 34 Fathom, fmall Peppery
>and* You may either come between this Ifland
md Java, or, if the Wind is Northerly, run out
)etween th.6l(i&nd%favart-tbe*way and this laft fmall
fland.

The Wind for the moft Part being at Eaft and
iaft by South, I was obliged to run over towards
:he Sumatra Shore, founding as I went* and had '
Vom 34 to 23 Fathom. In the Evening I founded
Dretty quick, being got near the Sumatra Shore 5
tnd, finding a Current fetting to the Weft, between
\ and 9 a-Clock we anchored in 34 Fathom. The
ride fet to the Weft from 7 in the Evening to 7
his Morning ; and then, having a fmall Gale at
Weft-South- Weft, I weigh'd and ftood over to the
Java Shore.

In the Evening having the Wind between Eaft-
tforth-Eaft and South-Eaft by Eaft, we could not
ceep off the Java Shore. Wherefore I anchored in
7 Fathom Water, about a League and a half off
Shore, At the fame Time we faw a Ship at anchor
lear the Shore, about 2 Mile to Leeward of us.
We found the Tide fetting to the Weftward, and
prefently after we anchored it fell calm. We lay
ftill all Night, and faw many Fires afhore. At 5
the next Morning, being July the 1 ft, we weigh'd
ind ftood to the North for a Sea-breeze : At 10 the
Wind coming out, I tack'd and had a fine brisk
Gale. The Ship we faw at anchor, weigh'd alfo
md ftood after us. While we paft by Bulo Baby, I
kept founding, and had no lefs than 14 Fathom.
R 2 The

mem

244 Str eights of Sunda.'

^». 1 700. The Other Ship coming after us with all the Sail fh<
V^Y'"n; could make, I lhortned Sail on Purpofe that fn<
might overtake us, but me did not. A little aftei
5, I anchored in 13 Fathom good oazy Ground
About 7 in the Evening* the Ship that followed us,
pad by clofe under our Stern ; fhe was a Dutci
Fly-boat ; they told us they came directly fron
Holland, and had been in their Paflage fix Months
It was no\V dark, and the Dutch Ship anchorec
within a Mile of us. I order'd to look out fharj
in the Morning ; that fo foon as the Dutch Man be-
gan to move, We might be ready to follow him j
for I intended to make him my Pilot. In the Morn
ing at half an hour after 5 we weigh'd, the Dutch
Man being under Sail before •, and we flood direcl
ly after him. At 8, having but little Wind, j
fent my Boat aboard of him, to fee what News h
had brought from Europe. Soon after, we fpied ;
Ship coming from the Eaft, plying 'on a Wind t(
fpeak with us, and mewing Englijh Colours. |
made a Signal for my Boat, and prefently bore a
way towards her ; and being pretty nigh, the Com
mander and Super-cargoe came aboard, fuppofmj
we had been the Zttfiany Galley, which was expect
ed then at Batavia. This was a Country Ship
belonging to Fort St. George, having come out fron
Batavia the Day before, and bound to Bencola
The Commander told me that the Fleet-frigat wa
at Anchor in Batavia Road, but would not fta1
there long : He told me alfo, that his Majefly'
Ships commanded by Captain Warren were ftill i]
India, but he had been a great while from the Coaf
and had not feen them. He gave me a Draught 0
thefe Streights, from the Button and Cap to Bata
'via, and fhew'd me the bell way in thither. At I
a Clock, it being calm, I anchored in 14 Fathon
good oazy Ground.

At rival at Eatavia* 24s

At 2 a Clock we weigh' d again ; the Dutch Ship A*- {7^
>eing under Sail before, Handing clofe to Manfheters ^Y"^
!fland ; but finding he could not weather it, he
ack'd and itood oft a little while, and then tack'd
tgain. In the mean Time I Hood pretty nigh the
aid Ifland, founding, but could not weather it.
rhen I tack'd and flood off, and the Butch flood
n towards the Ifland ; and weathered it. I being de-
irous to have room enough, flood off longer, and
;hen went about, having the Dutch Ship 4 Points
jnder my Lee. I kept after ■ him j but as I came
learer the Ifland, I found a Tide fetting to the
Weft, fo that I could not weather it. Wherefore
it 6 in the Evening I anchored in 7 Fathom oazy
Sround, about a Mile from the Ifland : The Dutch
Ship went about 2 Miles further, and anchored al-
io ; and we both lay Hill all Night. At 5 the m%X
Morning we weigh' d again, and the Dutch Ship
Hood away between the Ifland Cambujfes and the
Main -, but I could not follow, becaufe we had a
Land-wind. "Wherefore I went without the Cambuf-
fes, and by Noon we faw the Ships that lay at the
careening Ifland near Batavia. After the Land-
wind was fpent, which we had at South-Eafl and
South-South- Eaft ; the Sea-breeze came up at Eafl.
Then we went about -, and the Wind coming after-
ward at Eafl-North-Eafl, we had a large Wind to
run us into Batavia Road : And at 4 in the After-
noon, we anchored in 6 Fathom foft Oaze.

a 3 C HA P<

24-6

Batavia Road.

IS^S^^^S^SS^^

C HAP. VI,

The A, continues in BzUvh-Raad, to refit, and to get Provifiom
Engli/h Ships then in the Road. Departure from Batavia. Touch
at the Cape of Good Hope. And at St. Helena. Arripti
at the^ Ifland of Afcenflon. A Leak Sprung. Which being
impojjUle to be flopped; the Ship is loft, but the Men faved
They find Water upon the Jfland. And are brought back tc
England.

WE found in Batavia Road a great many
Ships ar anchor, moft Dutch, and but one
Engli/h Ship named the Fleet- frigat, commanded by
one Merry, We rode a little without them all.
Near the Shore lay a ftout China Junk, and a great
many fmall Veffels, viz. Brigantines, Sloops and
Malayan- Proes in abundance. Affoon as 1 an-
chored, I fent my Boat aboard the Fleet-frigat, with
orders to make them ftrike their Pendant, which
was done foon after the Boat went aboard. Then
my Clerks whom I fent in the Boat, went for the
Shore, as I had directed him •, to fee if the Govern-
ment would anfwer my Salute : But it was now near
"Night, and he had only time to fpeak with the
$hip~bander, who told him that the Government
would have anfwered my Salute with the fame num-
ber pf Guns, if I had fired as foon as I anchored ;
but that now it was too late. In the Evening my
Boat came aboard, and the next Morning I my felf
went afhore, vifited the Dutch General, and defir'd
the Priviledge of buying fuch Provifion and Stores,
as I now wanted \ which he granted me.

I lay here till the 17th of Olflober following, all
which time we had very fair Weather, fome Torna-
does excepted. In the rr|ean time | {upplied the

Carpenter

Batavia Road. 247

Carpenter with fuch Stores as were neceiTary forre-^700.
itting the Ship •, which prov'd more leaky after he ^ v ^
lad caulk'd Her, then ih-e was before : So that I
iras obliged to carreen her, for which purpofe I
tired VeiTels to take in our Guns, Ballaft, Provi-
ion and Stores.

The English Ships that arriv'd here from England,
vere firft the Liampo, commanded by Captain
Wonkt bound for China •, next, the Panther, com*
nanded by Captain Robinfon \ then the Mancel-
?rigat, commanded by Captain Clerk. AH thefe
>rought good Tidings from England, Moil of
hem had been unfortunate in their Officers i efpeci-
illy Captain Robinfon, who faid that fome of them
lad been confpiring to ruin him and his Voyage.
"There came in alfo feveral Englijb Country Veffels ♦,
firft a Sloop from Ben-jarr, commanded by one
Ruffel, bound to Bengale 3 next, the Monfion, be-
longing to Bengale: She had been at Malacca at
the fame time that his Majefty Ship the Harwich was
there: Afterwards came in alfo another fmall Ship
from Bengale. .',.•"",;

While we ftay'd here, all the forenamed Englijh
Ships failed hence 3 the 3 Bengale Ships excepted,
Many Dutch Ships alfo came in here, and depart-
ed again before us. We had feveral Reports con-
cerning our Men of War in India, and much talk
concerning Rovers who had committed feveral
Spoils upon the Coaft, and in the Str eights of M+
lacca. I did not hear of any Ships fent out to quafh
them. At my firft coming in, I was told that 2
Ships had been fent from Amboyna in queft of .me *
which was lately confirm'd by one of the Skippers,
whom I by accident met with here. He told me
they had 3 Protefts againft me •, that they came to
Pulo-Sabuda on the Coaft of New.Guinnea 28 Pays
after my departure thence, and went as far as Saw*
Ms Mand, and hearing no further News of me,
R 4 return a,

248 Batavia Road. Strange Gellies*

rjn. i7oo.return'd. Something likewife to this purpofe Mr.
**lfyt- 'Merry, Commander of the Fleet-frigat, told me at
my firft arrival here; and that the General at Ba-
tavia had a Copy of my Commiflion and Inflec-
tions •, but Iiook'd upon it as a very improbable
thing.

While we lay here, the Dutch held feveral Con-
futations about fending fome Ships for Europe (ooner
than ordinary: At laft the 16th of October was
agreed upon for the Day of Sailing, which is 2
Months fooner than ufual. They lay ready 2 or 3
Days before, and went out on the 10th. Their
Names were, the Oflrefleen, bound to Zealand \
the Vanbevfen, for Encbiehouft ; and the 3 Crowns,
for Amfterdam? commanded by Skipper Jacob Un-
cright, who was Commadore over all the reft. I
had by this time finiihed my JBufinefs here, viz,
fitted the Ship, recruited my felf with Provifion,
£Jled all my Water ; and the time of the Year to be
going for Europe being now at hand, I prepar'd to
be gone alfo.

Accordingly on the 17th of Ottcber, at half an.
^ Hour after 6 in the Morning, 1 weigh'd Anchor
from Batavia^ having a good Land-wind at South,
and fair Weather: And by the 19th at Noon,
came up with the 3 Dutch Ships before-mentioned.
The 29th of November in the Morning we faw 4
/mall Hawk flying about the Ship till me was quite
tired. Then me refled on the Mizen-Top-Sail-
Yard, where we catch'd her. It is probable ihe
was blown off from Madagafiar by the violent Nor-
therly Winds ; that being the nigheft Land to us,
though cjiftance near 150 Leagues.
v Tfie 3pth of December, we arrived at the Cape of
Good Hope ; and departed again on the 1 1 th of
^January ijoi. About the end of the Month, we
faw abundance of Weeds or Blubber fwim by us,
fpr I cannot determine whjch. It was all of one

Shape

"he IJlani of Afeenfion. A Leakfprung. 249

Lpe and Colour. As they -floated on the Water, An. i7ooi
y feem'd to be of the breadth of the Palm of a ^VN3
in's Hand, fpread out round into many Branches
rot the Bignefs of a Man's Finger. They had in
middle a little Knob, no bigger than the Top of
/fans Thumb. They were of a Smoak-colour 5
1 the Branches, by their pliantnefs in the Water,
m'dto be more fimple than Gellies, I have not
n the like before.

The 2d of February, we anchored in St. Helena
►ad, and fet fail again from thence on the 13 th.
On the 2 1 ft we made the Ifland of Afeenfion, and
od in towards it. The 22d between 8 and 9 a-
ock, we fprung a Leak, which increafed fo that
1 Chain-pump could not keep the Ship free,
hereupon I fet the Hand-pump to work alfo,
d by 10 a-Clock fuck'd her : Then wore the
tip, and flood to the Southward, to try if that
)uld eafe her ; and then the Chain-pump juft kept
r free. At 5 the next Morning we made Sail and
jod in for the Bay ; and at 9 anchored in 10 and
half Fathom, fandy Ground. The South-point
3re South-South- Weft diftance 2 Miles, and the
orth-point of the Bay, North-Eaft half North*
ftance 2 Miles. As foon as we anchored, I order-
I the Gunner to clear his Powder-room, that we
tight there fearch for the Leak, and endeavour to
op it within board if poffible ; for we could not'
eel the Ship fo low, it being within 4 Streaks of
le Keel ; neither was there any convenient place to
aul her amore. I ordered the Boatfwain to afiift
le Gunner ; and by 10 a-Clock the Powder-room
ras clear. The Carpenter's Mate, Gunner, and
ioatfwain went down ; and foon after I followed
hem my felf, and ask'd them whether they could
ome at the Leak : They faid they believed they
aight, by cutting the Cieling ; I told the Car*?
>enter's Mate fwho was the only Perfon in the

Ship

2 so A Leak Sprung.

f^!^°'SWp that underft°odany Thing of Carpente

^Y^J work, J that if he thought he could come

the Leak b>y cutting the Cieling without weake

ing the Ship, he might do it ; for he had ftopt

one Leak fo before •, which though not fo big

this, yet having feen them both, I thought he mis

as well do this as the other. Wherefore I left hi

to do his bed. The Ceiling being cut, they cot

not come at the Leak ; for it was againft one

the Foot-book-Timbers, which the Carpenter's Ma

faid he muft firft cut, before it could be ftopp'

I went down again to fee it, and found the Wat

to come in very violently. I told them I never h

known any fuch thing as cutting Timbers to ft<

Leaks •, but if they who ought to be beft Judges

fuch Cafes, thought they could do any good,

bid them ufe their utmoft Care and DiKgenc

promifing the Carpenter's Mate that I would alwa

_ be a Friend to him if he could and would flop i

He faid, by 4 a-Clock in the Afternoon he wou

make all well, it being then about 1 1 in the For

noon, i In the Afternoon my Men were all employ '1

pumping with both Pumps ; except fuch as affift<

the Carpenter's Mate. About one in the Afternoc

I went down again, and the Carpenter's Mate w

cutting the^ After-part of the Timber over the Lea]

Some faid it was beft to cut the Timber away j

once 1 I bid them hold their Tongue, and let tl

Carpenter's Mate alone 5 for he knew beft, and

hop'd he : would do his utmoft to flop the Leal

I defir'd him to get every thing ready for ftoppin

the violence of the Water, before he cut any fu;

ther 1 for fear it fhould over-power us at once.

had already ordered the Carpenter to bring all tl

Oakam he had, and the Boatfwain to bring all 9

wafte Cloaths, to fluff in upon Occafion ; an

had for the fame purpofe fent down my own Bee

cloaths, The Carpenter's Mate faid he mould war

rA Leak Sprung. tfij

rt Stantions, to be placed fo that the upper- ^-^
ihould touch the Deck, and the under -part "-^Y^
on what was laid over the Leak % and prefent-
took a Length for them. I ask'd the Mailer-
penter what he thought beft to be done : He re-
;d tilLthe Leak was all open, he could not tell,
en he went away to make a Stantion, but it was
long : I ordered him to make many of feveral
igths, that we might not want of any Size. So,
:e more defiring the Carpenter's Mate to ufe his
10ft Endeavours, I went up, leaving the Boat-
in and fome others there. About 5 a Clock the
itfwain came to me, and told me the Leak was
reafed, and that it was impoffible to keep the
p above Water ; when on the contrary I expect-
to have had the News of the Leak's being ftopt,
rcfentjy went down, and found the Timber cut
ay, but nothing in Readinefs to flop the Force of
: Water from coming in. I ask'd them why they
uld cut the Timber, before they had got all.
lings in Readinefs : The Carpenter's Mate anfwer.
they could do nothing till the Timber was cut,
t he might take the Dimenfions of the Place y
1 that there was a Chaulk which he had lined out,
sparing by the Carpenter's Boy. I ordered them
the mean Time to flop in Oakam,- and fome
;ces of Beef ; which accordingly was done, but
to little Purpofe : For now the Water gufh'd in
:h fuch Violence, notwithftanding all our Endea-
urs to check it, that it flew in over the Cieling ;
d for want of PafTage out of the Room over-
w'd it above 2 Foot deep. I' ordered the Bulk-
ad to be cut open, to give PafTage to the Water
It it might drain out of the Room ; and withal
dered to clear away abaft the Bulk-head, that we
ight bail : So now we had both Pumps going,
I as many bailing as could; and by this Means
e Water began to 4egreafe * which gave me fome
'■ v ™ Hope

§52 The Ship loft.

'^T^c. Hope of faying the Ship. I ask'd the Carpente
> ?**>■ Mate, what he thought of it ; He faid, Fear no
fir by 10 a Clock at Night I'll engage to flop the Lei
I went from him with a heavy Heart ; but putti
a good Countenance tipon the Matter, encourag
my Men, who purnp'd and bail'd very brisk?
and, when I faw Occafion, I gave them foi
Drams to comfort them. About n a Clock
Night, the Boatfwain came to me, and told rr
that the Leak ftil] encreafed ; and that the Plai
was fo rotten, it broke away like Dirt ; and th
now it was impoffible to fave the Ship •, for th.
could not come at the Leak, becaufe the Water,
the Room was got above it. The reft of the Nig
we fpent in Pumping and Bailing. I worked n
ielr to encourage my Men, who were very diligen
but the Water ftill encreas'd, and we now thoug
of nothing but faving our Lives, Wherefore
hoifted out the Boat, that, if the Ship mould finl
yet we might be faved : And in the Morning v
weighed our Anchor, and warp'd in nearer tl
Shore ; yet did but little good.

In the Afternoon, with the Help of a Sea-breezi
I ran into.; Fathom, and anchored ; then carrie
a fmall Anchor afhore, and warp'd in till I came ii
to 3 Fathom and a half. Where having faftned he:
I made a Raft to carry the Men's Chefts and Bee
ding afhore ; and, before 8 at Night, moft of then
were afhore. In the Morning I ordered the Sails t
be unbent, to make Tents ; and then my felf an<
Ofocers went afhore. I had fent afhore a Puncheor
and a 36. Gallon Cask of Water, with one Bap c
Kice for our common ufe : But great Part of it wa
ftoJen away, before I came afhore ; and many c
my Books and Papers loft. .

On the 26th following, we, to our great Com
. tort, found a Spring of frefli Water, about 8 Mile
from our Tents, beyond a very high Mountain

whicl

Water in the IJland of Afccnfiort 2 si .

eh we muft pafs over : So that now we were, by An. 1700.
d's Providence, in a Condition of fubfifting WS*Y"^
ie Time ; having Plenty of very good Turtle by
• Tents, and Water for the fetching. The next
y I went up to fee the Watering-place, accompa-
i with moft of my Officers. We lay by the
f all Night, and next Morning early got thi-
r ; where we found a very fine Spring on the
jth-Eaft-fide of the high Mountain, about half
lile from its Top : But the continual Fogs make
b cold here, that it is very unwholfome living by
: Water. Near this Place, are Abundance of
»ats and Land-crabs. About 2 Mile South-Eaft
im the Spring, we found 3 or 4 fhrubby Trees,
on one of which was cut an Anchor and Cable,
d the Year 1642. About half a Furlong from
ife, we found a convenient Place for iheltering
en in any Weather. Hither many of our Men
o-rted ; the hollow Rocks affording convenient
edging ; the Goats, Land-crabs, Men of War
rds, and Boobies, good Food -, and the Air was
re exceeding wholfome.

About a Week after our coming afhore, our Men
at liv'd at this new Habitation, faw 2 Ships ma-
ng towards the Ifland. Before Night they
ought me the News \ and I ordered them to turn
>out a Score of Turtle, to be in Readinefs for
ieir Ships if they mould touch here : But before
lorning they were out of Sight, and the Turtle
ere releas'd again. Here we continued without
eing any other Ship till the fecond of April;
hen we faw 11 Sail to Windward of the Ifland :
ut they likewife paft by. The Day after appear'd
Sail, which came to anchor in this Bay. They
ere his Majefty's Ships the Anglefey, Haftings and
Azard\ and the Canterbury Eaft-India Ship. I
rent on board the Anglefey with about 3$ of my

Men 1

"254 Return to England."

fAn> 1700. Men i and the reft were dlfpos'd of into the of]

*SY>J 2 Men of War.

We fail'd from Afienfion, the 8 th ; and cor.
tinued aboard till the 8 th of May : At which Tii
the Men of War having mifs'd St. J ago, wh<
they defign'd to Water, bore away for Barhadot
But I being defirous to get to England as foon
poffible, took my Paflage in the Ship Canterbui
accompanied with my Mafter, Purfer, Gunn<
and 3 of my fuperiour Officers.

c/f Ca-

XT . J?art: z Damp, fty

Of? IV. I

^ishtJ taken cnth^
Caztst of l$e.~vr
Gt*itxea .

w*3Uu> spots aMovery3ody .

/•''^;i#-

^ <» h $ ^ ^

rA Catalogue, &cl J$|

rtfWWffW

4" Catalogue of the
Maps tf^J Copper-Plates ,
i# Dampier's 77?iri Volume,
PART. II.

rHJS General Map: facing the Title.
Tab. 5. Timor, Num. 1, 2, 3^5. /tfg. 131'
Rotee, N. 4.
ib. 6. A [mall Map of Timor, N. 1. pag. 134

Bearings of Land, N. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
ab. 7. Laphao; and the "Ray * N. 1. £ag. i&
North-Weft-part of Timor, N. 2.
7/7^i Omba, N. 3.
i/fo^ Fetter, N. 4.
IJland Terra Alta, N. 5.
Burning IJland to the Eaftward of T&j

mor, N. 6.
Bandy-i/7<?, N. 7.
Bird-IJland, N..8.
i/7W Meva, Buchao, N. 9.
i/toi Coram, N. 10.
'ab. 8. S&rcev part of N.Guinea, N. 1. pag.iZi
The three I (lands, N. 2.
The three I/lands in L. Bay, N. 3.
Mackerel Bay, White IJle, Water Bay, and

Frejh-water River, N. 4.
3/k Ltf«J North- Eaft of the Watering-place ■;
N.5.

%$6 ^Catalogue; <&cl

The IJland Sabuda, N. 9.

Pulo-Sabuda. Bait IJlands, N. 7.
Tab* 9. Coaft of New-Guinea3 N. i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1

pag. 19

Cape Mabo, N. 7,
Tab. 10. Ca£* Mabo. N. 1. fag. 19

Xi/zg William 's IJland, N. 2,

Cape of Good Hope, N. 3.

Van Scouten'i IJland, Providence uflam

N.4.
St. Matthias 7/7^ N. 5.
Tab. 11. Squally ^W other IJlands on the Coaft 1
Nova Britannia, N. 1,2, fag 16

Trechefon #*//, N. 3.
Swift/hire IJland, N. 4, 5,
St. John'.* IJland, N. 6.
Tab. 12. Cape Orford, N. 1. fag, 20

St, George9 * Bay, N. 2,
Ctfp* St. George, N. 2 #»*/ 3.
Port Mountague, N. 4.
Tab. 13. Dampier'j Pajfage and IJlands on the Cooj
of New-Guinea, N. 1, 2, &c. p. 11
Tab. 14. IJlands on the Coaft of New-Guinea, N. 1
2, 3, &c. pag. 22

Tab. 15. Gilolo and other IJlands between it an
Bouro, N. 1, 2. pag. 131

North-Weft-part of Ceram, N. 3, &c.
i/Z^i Bonao, N. 4.
Tab. 16. Bouro and other IJlands, pag. 23!

Bouro, N. 1.
Ambalo, N. 2.
Ambo, N. 3.
tffe Pa^g?, N. 4.
^ i/foW* Laubano and Pentara, N. 4;

Numb. I

A C AlALOGU E, &C.

fumb. I. Strange Fijhes taken on the Coaft of New-
Guinea,
iumb. II. A Fifh of a Pale red, all parts of it, ex*
cept the Eye, Fig. it
A ftrange large Batt taken en the If and Palo
Sabuda in New-Guinea , defcribed
pag.iSy. Fig. 2,
A large Bird. Fig; 3.
Jumb. IIL Three ftrange Birds % one defcribedi p. 183
J Another defcribed, P- 23*

tfumb. IV. Several Ftfhes taken on the Coaft of New-
Guinea, J^4
Iumb. V. The Mountain-Cow; or, as fome think,
the Hippopotamus, defcribed in Capt.
Dampier'i id Vol in Campeachy,
fag. 102, 3,4s 5, 65 7.

$57

Vol, III

THE

-zjS

THE

INDEX.

134.
158

137
249

252

AMabao I/land, Pag.
i37,
Its Inhabitants,
Attention: lftand,

Water found there,

12 abao in. Timor, 152, 160
Batavia, arrival there, 245
Its, Road, 246

Englijh Ships there, 247

Departure Jrom thence, 248
Bird-i/2*«i, 181

E?™fr, flrange, 171, 183, 187
Bonao ifland, 230

Bouro Ifland, 232

Britannia-nova, 219, 220

&>i [Strange] kill'd on the Coaji
of New- Guinea, 183

Burning Ifland, 1 80

Another Burning- Ifland de-
fer ib'd, 218

p Alabafti treses, 168

^ Calalaloo, Herb, 170

Cana-fiftula- Trek defcrWd, 1 67
Cape Orford *w New-Guinea,
208*
Cape of Good Hope in New-
Guinea, 194
Cave's [Aitth.) TJldrid, 204

ibic

2I<
219
2Z<
2I<

*3<
2Ai
l6l

jfa Inhabitants,
Cape, King William's
Cape and Port Glocefter,

Cape Ann,

Ceram Ifland, defcrWd,
Channel, a deep one,
Ciccale, Port,

Cockles, very big, \yz, 191

I9i

Cockle-merchant, a Fijh, 17]

Cockle-I/land on the Coaji o\

New-Guinea, 19]

Copang-bay in Timor, 152

i6c

Crofs Ifland, 138,139,14c

Crown Ifland, difcoverd anc

defcrib'd, zil

Currents (Sec Tides.) 143,178,

226, 239

pittance between- Cape Mabo,
and Cape St. George, com-
puted, 22^
Dutch, the A.'s Parly -with
them, 136
Their fufpicion of the A,
155, &c.
Draughts, (Dutch J their falfe-
™/s, 133.134.157,181,195,
238
Dutch Fort call'd Concordia,
I35» »55

The INDEX.

E.j Lorantuca,

259

177

? Nde, Jftand,

yEttef //k»i, 179

• lit'treet of Timor defcrib'd

168

184

kg;

Vwfj, ftrange,

m Arret Dennis J/7W, 202
Inhabitants defcribed, 203
ic/Z^i /o«»^ i» ^ &«, 248
>orge ( St.) Cape W Bay in
New -Guinea, 208

Another Bay, 2IO

The Inhabitants there, ibid.
*4 large Account of the Au-
thor's Attempt to Trade
with them, ri2, 213, 8c C.
tfew- Guinea Coafi, 182,183
Inhabitants, 185,188,199,
&C 206, 2 10, Sec.
Their manner of fifhing, 1 88
The Author departs from New -
Guinea, 228

fAva Ijland, 241

Indian Plantation on the I~
Jland Timor, 133

Indian Proes, and their Trajfick,
241
John'* (St.) Ijland, 106

K.
T? Ing William's Ijland, igz

LAphao in Timor, 162

Laubana Ijland, 235

leak Jprung, incurable, 249,
250, 251
Long Ijland defcrihed, 222

Mabo Cape,

189

Man-of-War Birds,

129

Manftieter'j lfland,

245

Matthias Ijland,

196

Mifacomby Ifland,

234

Mountague Port m New-Gui-
nea, 216
The Country thereabouts de-
fcrib'd, and its produce, 217

NEw- Guinea,/*? Guineas
Nova-Britannia, 219,220

QMba, Ijland, 179, 234

P Aim-trees of Timor defcrib'd,
169
Pajfage, a new one conjeclured,
125, 225
A new one difcovered, 134,

219, ace.

Parly with the Portuguese at
Timor, 148. &c.

Pentare Ijland, 234

Pi^geons, great Numbers of
Mem on the Coafi of New-
Guinea, 19*
Porta-Nova, 165
Providence Ijland, 195
Princes Ifle, 241
Pu!o Sabuda Ifle, 186
Pulo Baby 2.43

REturn (theA's) to England,
254
Rich's [Sir R.) Ijland, 222

Ringing- bird, 171

Rook's {Sir George) Ijland, zzi
S 2 Rotee

2 60

The

1 I

Rotee Ijland,

'34

238

Rofemary Ijland,

125

C Ago, how made,
Sandal-tree,

187

168

Scouten's Ijland,

*9S

Sefial Port in Timor,

151

Shark's Bay,

126

Ship loft,

252

Slinger's Bay,

200

Snake's,

129

196

Land-Jna\es,

170

A Spout,

182

224

Squally Ijland,

167

Sunda Streights,

242

*T* Erra auftralis incognita,

what to be expecled there,

123,124

Thwart the- way Ijland, 241

Tides ftrange and uncertain, 127,

143, 229

See Currents-.

Timor Ijland described, 131,

Sec. 142, 1 57, &c. 166, 167

n e x:

The Butch Settlement, 13$,"

138, 1.53, 175

The Portuguese Settlement,

. H7> i<$3» &c. 173

Its Inhabitants, 163, 171

. Its Fruits and Animals, 169,

170

Trade, ^4

Weather, 178

1 he A.*s Departure from it

179

Trees full of Worms found in

the Sea, 20 C

Tiyal Rocks, 24o

Turtle iflitt 180

Y Ariation, 14l

Vulcanoes, 180, 208, 217,

218, 223

Xlf Ater S»a£,w,
VY Whales,
Whirlpools,
Wiftiarts Ijland,

127

177
226
J98

F I N X &

0,!)>iv.uvifinuat. ffr/.JZT.

ANEW

VOYAGE

DESCRIPTION

ISTHMUS of AMERICA

Giving an A c c o u n t of the

Author's Abode there,

The Form and Mqke of the Country, the Coafts,
Hills, Rivers, &c. Woods, Soil, Weather, &c. Trees,
Fruit, Beafts, Birds, Fijh, &c.

The Indian Inhabitants, their Features, Complexion,
&c, their Manners, Cuftoms, Employments,
.Marriages, Feafls, Hunting, Computation,
Language, &c.

With Remarkable Occurrences in the South-Sea and
elfewhere.

By LIONEL WAFER.

The Third Edition.

To which are added,

The Natural History of thofe PARTS,
By a Fellow of the Royal Society:

AND

Davis's Expedition to the Gold Mines, in 1702,

' Illuftrated with feveral COPP ER-PLATES.

LONDON,

Printed for J a m e s and John Knapton, atths
Grown in St. Paul' 's Church-Yard, Mdccxxix.*

Mttte

':■

...

2<5j

To His Grace
JOHN Duke of Marlborough, Marquefs
of Blanford, Earl of Marlborough, Baron
Churchill of Sandridge, and Lord Churchill
of Ay mouth in Scotland, Captain-General of
Her Majeftys Forces, Mafter-Generalof the
Ordinance, Her Majeftys Ambaffador Ex-
traordinary to the States-General One of
Her Majeftys moft Honourable Trivy-Coun,
cil, and Knight of the moft Noble Order
of the Garter.

May it pkafe Tour Grace,

THE enfuingTreatife, is a Second Edition of
my Account of the Iftbmus of Varten, with
Additions •, which I publifh at this Time,
not fo much becaufe the firft lmpreffion is wholly
fold off, as chiefly to give Occafion to the Miniftry
Cwhereof your Grace holds no fmall Share) to
think of making a Settlement on one of the moft va-
luable Spots of Ground in the World, thereby ei-
ther to enhaunce a Part of the Mines, which are
lode'd in its Bowels, or entirely to bamfti thence
the Enemy, who is now poffefs'd of them * befides,
that by fueh a Settlement, a free Paffage by Land
from the Atlantick to the Soutb-Sea might eafily be
effected, which would be of the greateft Conse-
quence to the Ea(t-India Trade,

Th?

2^4- The Dedication.

The Mifcarriage, My Lord, of the Scots in
this Defign, can be no Difcouragement to England*
considering that we have at Hand, within our own
Plantations, Provifions, and every Thing ufeful for
Subfiftence, which they wanted : And their Efcapes
will furniih us with Precautions, \>y which we may
avoid their Misfortunes. I can afture your Grace,
that a Friendfhip may be eafily cultivated with
the Natives, who are entirely in our Intereft. And
befides the peculiar Advantage of fuch a Settle-
ment, England would derive by their Vicinity to
Portobel, and Cartbqgena, a ready Sale for their
Slaves brought from the Coaft of Africa.

The French* My Lord, being now our Rivals
for this Settlement, it highly imports England to
prevent them, by endeavouring to become Mailers
of this Neck of Land, of which being once poffef.
fed, they may command thofe inexhauftible Trea-
fures, which at Pleafure give either Peace or War.

And how eafily that might be effected, will
eafily appear, if your Grace will be but pleas'd
to take Notice, with how little Difficulty Captain
Raflo and his Affociates made themfelves Matters of
all thofe Mines with a Handful of Men, and in a
very inconfiderkble Space of Time, according to
the particular Relation given of that Expedition,
inferted by Mr. Bams at the End of this Book.

?T i s true, my Lord, they had a pretty uneafy
PaiTage through thofe Rivers, Woods and Moun-
tains in the By-ways, by which the Smallnefs of
their Number oblig'd them to march, the better to
prevent a -Difcpvefy. But if their Forces had been
more cqnfiderable, they would have lain under no
Neceflky of taking fuch troublefome Precautions ;
and thereby would have avoided the manifold

Toils

The Dedication.

[s and Fatigues to which they happened to be
>s'd,

' h e High-Poll of Honour your Qrage now
ys, and whereto your Merits do fo juftly en-
you, has given me the Boldnefs to fhelter this
11 Work under your Grace's Name •, believ-
it Natural for your Grace to mgke a right
gment, whether the Thing herein recommended
well grounded, and will anfwer the End pro*
dV

a m not infenfible, My Lord, that this Ad-
s is as much a Preface as a Dedication ♦, but con-
ring that your Grace's Hours are not to be
:n up with Trifles, I was the eafier led to give
r Grace, at one View, my main Defign in

Publication.

humbly beg your Grace, to vouchfafe
Honour of your Protection to my plain and ho-
: Intentions, for the Welfare and Advantage
my Country s being with all imaginable Refpeft,

Z6$.

May itpleafe your Grace,

Tour Grace' j moft Humble,

and mofi Devoted Servant,

Lionel Wafeh

26&

T O T H E

R E AD E.I

THE Defign of this Second Publication of
Ddcriptioa of the Ifthmus of Darien,
proved with a Late Expedition to the G(

Mines, fince the Beginning of the prefent War 5
*lfo with the Natural Hiftory of thofe Parts ; m
an Account of fever al 3eafts, Birds, Fifhes, R
tiles, &c, and -particularly many Trees, Shrubs <
Herbs, with their refpeftive Names, Ufes and Virti
communicated by a Fellow of the Royal Society, fa
only to re pre fen t to the World, how far it wouk
the Intereft of England to make an Efiablifhment u
that Continent ; the Producl of whofe Bowels enrn
the other Three Parts of the World. Becaufe I am
willing to weary the Reader with a tedious Difcoi
upon this^ Subjecl, I [hall only tell him, in few Wo?
that if I plainly demonftrate the thing might be v
*4fity effetied, and that the Advantages that wo
thereby ^ accrue to the Nation, would more than anfi
their Charges, I think there will remain but little tc
faid againft fo glorious an Undertaking.

That fuch a Thing might be fuccefsfully performed
the Englifh in this prefent Conjuncture j and that 1
would eafily be able to maintain themfelves in the Pojj
/ton of that valuable Conqueft, notwithfanding
greateft Efforts that the French could be able to make
gamft them, can fcarce well be denied by any Man 1
will be at the Pains to confider^ that we being vaflly J

pern

The $ R E F A C E. 167

lour to them by Sea, whatever Number of Land-
ces they might be in a Condition to fpare from Eu-
ie, 3tis our own Fault if ever they t ran/port them
her. And as to the Number of Men that fueh an
sedition would require of us, confidering the favou-
le Difpofition of the Indians (who are entirely our
ends) andtheJVeaknefs andBivifwns of our Enemies,
Spaniards, I believe it needed not be fo confiderable
rome People are apt to apprehend.
7or the American Spaniards, accufiomed only to do-
eer and tyrannize their miferable Slaves, have now
ruifi'dfuch a conftderable time in Sloth and Idlenefs%
t it would require fome Tears to innure them to the
rdfhips and Fatigues of War : And under their pre-
Circumftances, who knows but we might find them
averfe to give the Englifh a kind Reception &an
are now aware of?

^he Vicinity of the Englifh Colonies to the Spanifh
America would render it an eafy Matter to them to
port one another upon all Occafions ; though the Be-
ts that the Kingdom would thereby reap, be in them-
es apparent, beyond all Poffibility of Contradiction,
conclude : I fhall only defire all Men ofi^ Senfe and
Igment to confider how much the Interefl of England
itld be advanced in Europe by the Addition of the
mifli Weft-Indies, to their other Acquifitions in
lerica ; fince thereby the common Enemies would, be
rived of the moft certain Fund they have for carrying
the War. In a Word ; the Difficulty and Ex pence
not at all, by any reafonable Man, to be brought in
npetition with the Glory and Advantage of fuch an
p edition.

As to the Book it felf, though it partly bears the
me of Voyages, you are not to expecl a compleat
urnal, or Hiflorical Account of all Occurrences in the
ne of my Travels, but principally as particular a De-
Iption as I could give, of the Ifthtnus of Darien,
fere I was left amongft the wild Indians : For in the

precedent

■nun

268 The T RE FACE.

Precedent and fubfequent Relations, I have only brie>

reprefented the Courfe oS my Voyages, that the Read

might not be deprived oS the Rleafitre 0S knowing I

what Adventure I happened to Sail into that Countr

and how I Sound Means to make my Efiape out oS it'

There now remains but one 'Thing to be faid-, a]

that is to tell you, that I think it very convenient

tfetbis Opportunity oS vindicating my Self to |

World, concerning Some Circumflances in the Relation

have given cS the Indian way oS conjuring (called I

them Fawawing) and oS the White Indians ; at whit

Several ef the moft eminent Men of the- Nation feem'dv

ry much Startled. But I fope- that the Teftimony of a

the Scotch Gentlemen and others, who have been the)

fince me, will be looked upon by all good Men, as a M

cient Authority to confirm the Truth of what I have a

ferted concerning thofe Matters; fince none of them

neither by their Writings, nor otherway, have contra

ft'dmei but, on the contrary, confirmed what

bavefatd m every Article, which has been no fmall 4

iisfamon to me. And Mr. Davis likewife (who is th

Author of the forefaid Relation of the Late Expedition

to the Gold Mmes> defiredme, in a late Conference

had with him to acquaint the World, that if the fan

Relation had not been printed off before I talked wit,

bim about it he would himfelf have given a large Ac

count of its declaring, that the Flawing of the Indl

ans that followed Don Pedro in that Expedition

was the principal Reafon that indue* d fome of the Ens'

TV? • ^^ more fuPerfi^ous than others to leave

the Mines much fooner than they at firft intended to have

done • becaufe the Uneafinefs in which the Indians then

Seemed to be, made them likewife apprehejtfive of fo

extraordinary Danger from the Soaniarrh i

o?nc

Mr,

160

rr. Wa f e r^t Voyages ; and
Defcfiption of the Ifthmus of
America.

Jf Y firft going abroad was in the Great Anne The A's
/I of London, Capt. Zachary 2?row/# Comman-fii"ftVoy:

der, bound for Bantam in the Ifle of Java,*®*'
:he Eaft-Indies •, in the Year 1677. I was in the
rice of the Surgeon of the Ship *, but being then
f young, I made no great Obfervations in that
page. My Stay at Bantam was not above a Bantam.
•nth, we being fent from thence to Jamby in
Ifle of Sumatra. At that Time there was a
,r between the Malayans of Iihor on the Promon- nhor.
j of Malacca, and thofe of Jamby, and a Fleet Malacca:
Proe's from Ma* block'd up the Mouth of the
er of Jamby. The Town of Jamby is about ioojamhyj
e up the River : But within 4 or 5 Mile of the
, it hatha Port Town on the River, confuting
about 15 or 20 Houfes, built on Pofts, as the
hion of that Country is: The Name of this
rt is gtuolla ; though this feems rather an Apella- g^//^ ;
1 than a proper Name, for they generally call a
rt Quolla : And 'tis ufual with our Englifh Sea-
n in thofe Parts, when they have been at a Land-
-place, to fay they have been at the Quolla, call-
it fo in Imitation of the Natives ; as the Portu-
ze call their Landing-places, Barcadero's. This^^e*
ar was fome Hindrance to our Trade there •, and
were forc'd to ftay about 4 Months in the Road,
ore we could get in our Lading ©f Pepper : And

thence

The A's
zd. "Voy-
age.

270 Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &c;

thence we return'd to Bantam, to take in the reft
our Lading. "While I was afhore there, the Si
fail'd for England: So I got a PafTage home in ai
ther Ship, the Bombay, Capt. White Command*
who being Chief Mate, fucceeded Capt. Bern
who dy'd in the Voyage.

I arrived in England again in the Year .1679, a
after about a Month's Stay, T entred my felf 01
2d Voyage, in a Veffel commanded by Capr^ifc*
enham, bound for the Weft-Indies. I was tnere a
in the Service of the Surgeon of the Ship : But wt
Jamaica, we came to Jamaica, the Seafon of Sugars being r
yet come, the Captain was willing to make a flu
Voyage, in the mean while to the Bay of Campeao
to fetch Logwood : But having no Mind to go fi
ther with him, I ftaid in Jamaica. It proved w
for me that I did fo ; for in that Expedition, 1
Captain was taken by the Spaniards, and carri
Prifoner to Mexico : Where one Ruffel faw him, w
was then alfo a Prifoner there, and after made
capt. Efcape. He told me he faw Capt. Buckenham, w:
?UC^er ;a Log chain>d to his ^eg> and a Basket at his Bac
Ion™! cry'm& Bread about the Streets for a B^er his IV
fter. The Spaniard1; would never confent to t
ranfoming him, though he was a Gentleman w
iiad Friends of a confiderable Fortune, and wot
have given them a very large Sum of Mony.

I had a Brother in Jamaica, who was imploy

under Sir Thomas Muddiford, in his Plantation at t

The^»- Angels: And my chief Inducement in undertakii

geh Plan- this Voyage was to fee him. I ftaid fome time wi

Pon^Roy- ^m> and ^e f€ttled me in a Houfe at Port-Royi

where I followed my Bufinefs of Surgery for for

Months. But in a while I met with Capt. Cook, a)
Capt. Linch, 2 Privateers who were going out fro
Cartagena Port- Royal, toward the Coaft of Cartagena, ai
took me along with them. We met other Priv
teers, on that Coaft ; but being parted from the

Mr. WAFER'S Voyages, See 271

Streft of Weather about Golden-Ijland, in the-
iballoe's, we flood away to the Baftimento's, GoUen-u
sre we met them again, and feveral. others, who8*/**-,
I been at the taking of Portohel, and were rendef-^/J^
rzed there. Here I firfl met with Mr. Dampier, Mr. Dani*
I was with him in the Expedition into the S. Seas. pier.
r in fhort, having mufter'd up our Forces at
den-IJland, and landed on the Iftbmus, we march'd ifihmu$\
:r Land, and took Santa Maria -, and made thofe Sant* \
curfions into the S. Seas, which Mr. Ringrofe re- f*^
is in the 44th Part of the Hiftor.y of the Bucca- Hid. of
^ the Buc .

vlr. "Damper has told, in his Introduction to his Mr. Dam*
yage Round the World, in what Manner the Com-Per' "
iy divided with Reference to Capt. Sharp. I wascapt.
Mr. Dampier^s Side in that Matter, and of the sharp.
imber of thofe who chofe rather to return in
ats to the Iflhmus, and go back again a toilfome ifihmml
irney over Land, than flay under a Captain in
om we experiene'd neither Courage nor Conduct,
i hath given alfo an Account of what befel us in
,t Return, till fuch Time as by the Carelefsnefs of
r Company, my Knee was fo fcorch'd with Gun-
wder, that after a few Days further March, I was
: behind among the Wild-Indians, in the Ifthmus
Darien.

[t was the 5th Day of our Journey when this Ac-j>hc ^;
lent befel me; being alfo the 5 th of May, in the left in the
:ar 1681. I was fitting on the Ground near one ifthmus,
our Men, who was drying of Gun-powder, in a
ver Plate: But not managing it as he mould, it
:w up and fcorch'd my Knee to that Degree, that His Kne§
; Bone was left bare, the Flefh being torn away,bumt^ -
d my Thigh burnt for a great Way above it. I
plyed to it immediately fuch Remedies as I had
my Knapfack : And being unwilling to be left be-
ld my Companions, I made hard Shift to jog on,
d bear them Company for a few Days*, during

which

171 Mr. WAFER'S Voyages* &c

which our Slaves ran away from us, and amo
them a Negro whom the Company had allov
me for my particular Attendant, to carry my IV
dicines. He took them away with him* togetl
with the reft of nly Things, and thereby left i
depriv'd of wherewithal to drefs my Sore ; in:
much that my Pain increafing upon me, and bei
not able to trudge it further through Rivers a
Woods* I took leave of my Company, and fet
my Reft among the Darien Indians.

This was on the ioth Day , and there ftaid w:
R.Gopfon. me Mr. Richard Gopfon, who had ferved an A
prenticemip to a Druggift in London. He was
ingenious Mart, and a good Scholar % he had wi
him a Greek Teftament which he frequently rea
and Would tranflate extempore into Englifl to fuch
the Company as were difpos'd to hear him. An
y.Mhg- ther who ftaid behind with me was John Hingfon M
fon' riner : They were both fo fatigued with the Joi
ney, that they could go no further. There h
been an Order made among us at our firft. Landh
to kill any who mould flag in the Journey : B
this was made only to terrify any frdm loiterin
and being taken by the Spaniards ; who by Tortur
might extort from them a Difcovery of our Marc
But this rigorous Order was not executed ; but t
Company took a very kind Leave both of the!
and of me. Before this we had loft the Company
2 more of our Men, Robert Spratlin and JVil
am Bowman, who parted with us at the River Co
go, the Day after my being fcorch'd with Gun-po^
der. The PafTage of that River was very dee
and the Stream violent •, by which Means I was bo:
down the Current, for feveral Paces, to an Eddy
the bending of the River. Yet I got over ; b
thefe two being the hindmoft, and feeing with wh
Difficulty I crofs'd the River, which was ftill rifinj
they were difcourag'd from attempting it, and cho

rath<

Mt. WAFER'; Voyages, 6cf.

z?S

ther to flay where they were. Thefe 2 came td
e ; and the other 2 foon after the Company's De-
.rture for the North Sea, as I fhall have Occafion

mention ; fo that there were 5 of us in all who
;re left behind among the Indians.

Being now fore'd to ftay among rhem, and ha- The /Wi-
ng no Means to alleviate the Anguifh of myanscUT®
round, the Indians undertook to cure me ; andteA6
ply'd to my Knee fome Herbs, which they firft
ew'd in their Mouths to the Confiftency of a Pafte,
d putting it on a Plantain-Leaf, laid it upon the
ire. This prov'd fo effectual, that in about 20
ays Ufe of this Poultefs, which they applied frefli
ery Day, I Was perfectly cured i except only a
reaknefs in that Knee, which remain'd long after,
d a Beniimmednefs which I fometimes find in it to
is Day. Yet they were not altogether fo kind m
her Refpecls ; for fome of them look'd on us ve-

fcurvily, throwing green Plantains to us, as wC
: cringing and fhivering, as you would Bones to
Dog. This was but forry Food j yet we were
•c'd to be contented with it : But to mend our A kifid
immons, the young Indian, at whofe Houfe weiw^4»i_
:re left, would often give us fome ripe Plantains,
known to his Neighbours ; and thefe were a great
tfrefhment to us. This Indian, in his Childhood
,s taken Prifoner by the Spaniards •, and having
*d fome time among them, he had learn'd a pretty
al of their Language, under the Bifhop of Pa-
ma, whom he ferv'd there -, till finding Means to
:ape, he was got again among his own Country-
>n. This was of good Ufe to us ; for we having
fmattering of Spanifh, and a little of the Indian's
ingue alfo^ by paMing their Country before.* be-
een both thefe, and with the additional Ufe of Signs,

found it no very difficult Matter to underftand
e another. He was truly generous and hofpitable
awards us •, and fo careful of us, that if in the
Vol, III. T Day-

Mr. WAFERV Voyages, &c

Day-time we had no other Provifion than a few for
ry green Plantains, he would rife in the Night, an
go out by Stealth to the Neighbouring Plantain
walk, and fetch a Bundle of ripe ones from thence
which he would difcribute among us unknown to hi
Country-men. Not that they were naturally ir
cli'n'd to ufe us thus roughly, for they are generall
a kind and free-hearted People ; but they had take
fome particular Offence, upon the Account of ou
Friends who left us, who had in a Manner awed tli
Indian Guides they took with them for the Remair
der of their Journey, and made them go with ther
very much againft their Wills •, the Severity of tr
rainy Seafon being then fo great, "that even the J;
dlans themfelves had no Mind for travelling, the
they are little curious either as to the Weather <
Ways;

When Gopfon^ Hingfon, and I had lived 3 or
Days in this Manner, the other 2, Spratlin andZ^ic
man\ whom we left behind at the River Congo } 0
the 6th Day of our Journey, found their way t
us-, being exceedingly fatigued with rambling i
lono- among the wild Woods and Rivers withoi
Guides, and having no other Suftenance but a fe1
Plantains they found here and there. They told 1
of George Gainy's Difafter, whofe drowning M;
drowning. Dumpier relates p. 17. They faw him lie dead o
the Shore which the Floods were gone off fron
with the Rope twilled about him, and his Mone
at his Neck •, but they were fo fatigued, they car'
not to meddle with it. Thefe after their coming u
to us, continued with us for about a Fortnigr
longer, at the fame Plantation where the main Bod
of our Company had left us; and our Provifio
was ftill at the fame Rate, and the Countenances c
the Indians as ftern towards us as ever, having yet n
" News of their Friends whom our Men had taken a
their Guides. Yet notwithstanding their Difgufi

the

R. Sprat'

tin.

IV Bow-
man.

G. Cain

Mr. W A F E R 's Voyages, &c."

275.

they took care of my Wound •, which by this Time
ivas pretty well healed, and I was enabled to walk
ibout. But at length not finding their Men return
is they expecled, they were out of Patience, and
feem'd refolved to revenge on us the Injuries which
:hey fuppofed our Friends had done to theirs. To
:his End they held frequent Confutations how they
hould difpofe of us : Some were for killing us, o- AConfuIt
:hers for keeping us among them, and others fortoaeftroy
;arrying us to the Spaniards, thereby to ingratiate the^-an<i
-.hemfelves with them. But the greateft Part of panio°ns!"
;hem mortally hating the Spaniards, this laffc Pro-
eel: was foon laid afide ; and they came to this Re-
solution, to forbear doing any thing to us, till fo
nuch Time were expir'd as they thought might rea-
sonably be allow'd for the Return of their Friends,
idiom our Men had taken with them as Guides to
:he North Sea-Coaft ; and this, as they computed
would be 10 Days, reckoning it up to us on their
Fingers.

The Time was now almoft expir'd, and having Preparati-
10 News of the Guides, the Indians began to fufpeel onstoki11
:hat our Men had either murther'd them, or carried them"
:hem away with them ; and feem'd refolv'd there-
jpon to deftroy us. To this end they prepared a
^reat Pile of Wood to burn us, on the 10th Day j
md told us what we muft truft to when the Sun
svent down ; for they would not execute us till
then.

But it fo happened that Lacenta, their Chief, Lacenta
paffing that way, dinwaded them from that Cruelty, faves
and propofed to them to fend us down towards thethcm;
North-fide, and 2 Indians with us, who might in-
form themfelves from the Indians near the Coaft,
what was become of the Guides. They readily and fends
hearkn'd to this Propofal, and immediately chofe 2 them a"
Men to conduct us to the North-fide. One of thefe way"
had been all along an inveterate Enemy to us •, but
T k the

zj6

BadTfJ

They are

bewild-

er'd.

Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &c.

the other was that kind Indian^ who was fo much
our Friend as to rife in the Night and get us ripe
Plantains.

The next Day therefore we were difmifTed with our
2 Guides, and marched joyfully for 3 Days ; being
well affured we mould not find that our Men had done
any Hurt to their Guides. The firft. 3 Days we march'd
through nothing but Swamps, having great Rains,
with much Thundering and Lightning ; and lodg'd
every Night under the dropping Trees, upon the
cold Ground. The third Night we lodg'd on a fmall
Hill, which by the next Morning was become an
Iiland: For thofe great Rains had made fuch a
Flood, that all the low Land about it was cover'd
deep with Water. All this while we had no Frovifi-
on, except a Handful of dry Maiz our Indian
Guides gave us the firft 2 Days: But this being
fpent, they return'd Flome again, and left us to
fhift for our felves.

At this Hill we remain'd the 4th Day ; and on
the 5th, the Waters being abated, we fet forward,
fleering North by a Pocket Compafs, and marched
till 6 a Clock at Night : At which Time we arrived
at a River about 40 Foot wide, and very deep.
Here we found a Tree fallen crofs the River, and
fo we believ'd our Men had paft that way i therefore
here we fat down, and confulted what Courfe we
mould take.

And having debated the Matter, it was concluded
upon to crofs the River, and feek the Path in which
they had travelled : For this River running fome-
what Northward in this Place we perfwaded our
felves we were paft the main Ridge of Land that di-
vided the North-part of the Ijihmus from the South ;
and confequently that we were not very far from the
North-Sea. Befides, we did not confider that the
great Rains were the only Caufe of the fudden Ri-
ling and Falling of the River \ but thought the

Tide

Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &c

*77

Tide might contribute to it, and that we were not
very far from the Sea. We went therefore over the
River by the Help of the Tree : But the Rain had
made it fo flippery, that 'twas with great Difficulty
that we could get over it aftride, for there was no
walking on it : And tho' 4 of us got pretty well
over., yet Bozvman, who was the laft, Oipt off, and Bowman
the Stream hurried him out of Sight in a Moment, like to be
fo that we concluded he was drown'd. To add todrown'd<
our Affliction for the Lofs of our Confort, we
fought about for a Path, but found none ; for the
late Flood had fill'd all the Land with Mud and
Oaze, and therefore fince we could not find a Path,
we returned again, and parTed over the River on the
fame Tree by which we crofs'd it at firft ; intending
to pafs down by the Side of this River, which we
ftill thought difcharged it Mf into the North-Sea.
But when we were over, and had gone down with
the Stream a Quarter of a Mile, we efpy'd our
Companion fitting on the Bank of the River ; who,
when we came to him, told us that the Violence of
the Stream hurried him thither, and there, being
in an Eddy, he had Time to confider where he was ;
and that by the Help of fome Boughs that hung in
fhe Water, he had got out. This Man had at this
time 400 Pieces of Eight at his Back : He was a
weakly Man, a Taylor by Trade.

Here we lay all Night ; and the next Day, being Great
the 5th of ourprefent Journey, we march' d further j*j^"
down by the Side of the River, thro' Thickets of
hollow Bamboes and Brambles, being alfo very
weak for want of Food : But Providence fuffer'd
us not to perifh, tho' Hunger and Wearinefs had
brought us even to Death's Door : For we found
there a Maccaw Tree, which afforded us Berries, of Maccaw
which we eat greedily •, and having therewith fome- ernes-
What fatisfied our Hunger, we carried a Bundle of

T 3 them

278

Mr. WAFERV Voyages, Sec.

•way.

them away with us, and continued our march till
Night.
They are The next Day, being the 6th, we marched till
Rivers" 4 ln the Afternoon> when we arrived at another Ri-
ver, which join'd with that we had hitherto coafted ;
and we were now inclos'd between them, on a little
Hill^ at the Conflux of them. This laft River was
as wide and deep as the former ; fo that here we
were put to a Non-plus, not being able to find
means to ford either of them, and they being here
too wide for a Tree to go a-crofs, unlefs a greater
Tree than we were able to cut down; having no
They mi- Tool with us but a Macheat or long Knife. This
flake their iaft River a]fo we fet by the Compafs, and found it
run due North1: Which confirmed us in our miftake,
that we were on the North- fide of the main Ridge
of Mountains ; and* therefore we refolv'd upon
making two Bark-logs, to float us down the River,
which we unanimoufly concluded would bring us to
the North-Sea Coaft. The Woods afforded us
hollow Bamboes fit for our purpofe ; and we cut
themjnto proper lengths, and tied them together
with Twigs of a Shrub like a Vine, a great many
on the Top of one Another.

By that time we had finifhed our Bark-logs it was
Night, and we took up our Lodging on a fmall
Hill, where we gathered about a Cartload of Wood,
and made a Fire, intending to fet out with our Bark-
logs the next Morning. But not long after Sun-fet,
it fell a Raining as if Heaven and Earth would
meet ; which Storm was accompanied with horrid
Claps of Thunder, and fuch Flames of Lightning,
of a fulphurous Smell, that we were almoft ftirled
in the open Air.

Thus it continued till 12 a-Clock at Night ;
when to our great Terror, we could hear the Ri-
vers roaring on both fides us ; but 'twas fo dark,
that we could fee nothing but the Fire we had made,

except

Violent
Rains.

Great-
Floods.

Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &c. 2?$

except when a flafh of Lightning came. Then we
could fee ail over the Hill, and perceive the Water
approaching us •, which in lefs than half an Hour
carried away our Fire, This drove us all to our
fhifts, every Man feeking fome means to Jave him-
felf from the threatening Deluge. We alfo fought
for fmall Trees to climb : For , the place abounded
with great Cotton Trees, of a prodigious bignefs
from the Root upward, and at leaft 40 or 50 Foot
clear without Branches, fo that there was no climb-

10 FwJyown Part, I was in a great Confirmation, The A.
and running to fave my Life, I very opportunely ^
met with a large Cotton Tree, which by fome acci-
dent, or thro' Age, was become Rotten, and hol-
low on one Side •, having a Hole in it at about the
Heighth of 4 Foot from the Ground I immediate-
ly got up it as well as I could : And in the Cavity 1
found a Knob, which ferv'd me for a Stool •, and
there I fat down almoft Head and Heels together,
not having room enough to ftand or fit upright.
In this condition 1 fat wiihing for Day : but being
fatigued with Travel, though very hungry withal,
and cold, I fell afleep : But was foon awaken d by
the Noife of great Trees which were brought down
by the Flood j and came with fuch force againit the
Tree, that they -made it ^ke He{sbefet

When I awoke I found my Knees in the Water, ^ ^
though the loweft Part of my hollow Trunk was,Waterf? ,
as I faid, 4 Foot above the Ground ;. and the Wa-
ter was running as fwift, as if 'twere in the middle
of the River. The Night was ftffl very Dark but
only when the flames of Lightning came : Which
made it fo dreadful and terrible, that I forgot my
Hunger, and was wholly taken up with praying to
God to fpare my Life. While I was praying arid
meditating thus on my fad Condition, I faw the
Morning-Star appear j by which I knew that Day
T 4 wa$-

2So Mr. WAFER*; Voyages, &c:

was at hand : This cheared my drooping Spirits ;

and in lefs than half an Hour the Day began to

Floods »? aWn; the,Rai? and Lightning ceafed, and the Wa-

omod^°ters abated infomuch that by that time the Sun was

up, the Water was gone off from my Tree

Then I ventur'd out of my cold Lodging ; but
being fhffand the Ground flippery, Icouldfcarce
it and: let I made a fhift to ramble to the Place
where we had made our Fire, but found no Body
there. _ I hen I call'd out aloud, but was anfwer'd
only with my own Eccho ; which ftruck fuch Terror
into me, that I fell down as dead, being opprefs'd
botn with Grief and Hunger ; this being the 7th
pay of our Fan:, fave only the Maccaw-benks be-
fore related.-

ISffwfL EeinSillthis Condition, defpairing of Comfort

h» Com. J?' Wani °fnmy C°nf0m' l h? fomcrime on the wet
panions. ^'ound, till at laft I heard a Voice hard by me
which in fome fort revived me ; but efpecially when
1 Jaw Mr. Hwgfin one of my Companions, and the
reit found us prefently after ; having all fav'd them-
ielves by climbing fmall Trees. We greeted each
other with Tears in our Eyes, and returned Thanks
to God for our deliverance.

t The firft thing we did in the Morning was to look
alter our Bark-logs or Rafts which we had left tied
to a Tree, m order to profecute our Voyage down
the. River ; but coming to the Place where we left
rhern, we found them funk and full of Water,
winch had got into the hollow of the Bamboes, con-
trary to our Expectation ; for we thought they
would not have admitted fo much as Air, but have
been like large Bladders full blown: But it feems
there were Cracks in them which we did not per-
ceiv^ and perhaps made in them by our Carelefnefs
m working them * for the Veffels made of thefe
hollow Bamboes are wont to hold Water very

This

Mr. WAFER'* Voyages, Sec 48 r

rhis was a new Vexation to us, and how to pro- In danger
d farther we knew not ; but Providence ftill di-°4^in§
ted ail for the better: For if we had gone down ^°nf ne.
5 River, which we afterwrds underflood to be a mies.
irer that runs into the River of Cheapo, and fo to- River of
rds the Bay of Panama and the South Sea, it cheap.
uld have carried us into the midft of our Ene-
es, the Spaniards, from whom we could expect

Mercy.

The Neighbourhood of the Mountains, and
sepnefs of the Defcent, is the caufe that the Rivers
e thus fuddenly after thefe violent Rains ; but for
e fame Reafon they as fuddenly fall again.
But to return to my Story : being thus fruftrated

our Defign of going down the Stream, or of
offing either of thefe Rivers, by Reafon of the
iking of our Bark-logs, we were glad to think of
turning back to the Indian Settlement, and Coaft-They an
I up the River-fide in the fame Track we came fore'd to
>me by. As our Hunger was ready to carry ourie urn"
yes to any Object that might afford us fome Re-
tf, it hapned that we efpied a Deer faft afleep :
fhich we defign'd if poffible to get, and in order
> it we came fo very near, that we might a-lmoft
ive thrown our felves on him : But one of our
Ten putting the Muzzle of his Gun clofe to him,
id the inot not being wadded, tumbled out, juft
efore the Gun went off, and did the Deer no hurt ;
ut ftarting up at the Noife, he took the River and
vam over. As long as our way lay by the River
4e, we made a fhifc to keep it well enough : But
eing now to take leave of the River, in order to
iek for the Indians Habitation, we were mudi at a
m. This was the Eighth Day, and we had no
iuftenence befide the Maccaw-Berrks we had got,
nd the Pith of a Bibby-Tree we met with, which
fe fplit and eat very fayourJy, , -

After

mm*^

$M Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &c.

After a little Confideration what Courfe to fie
next, we concluded it bed to follow the Track
a Pecary or Wild-Hog, hoping it might bring
to fome old Plantain-Walk or Potato-Piece, whi,
thefe Creatures often refort to, to look for Foo<
1 his brought us, according to our expectation,
an old Plantation, and in fight of a new one. B
here again fear overwhelmed us, being between tv
Straights, either to ftarve or venture up to the 1
JXTof dlcan.^^. whom being fo near, we were nc
the mdl afmid of a§aln> not knowing how they would r
ms. ceive m- But fince there was no avoiding it, it w
concluded that one mould go up to the Houf
while the reft fcaid behind to fee the Iffue. In coj
clufion I went to the Plantation, and it proved tl
fame that we came from. The Indians were all
mazed to fee me, and began to ask many Oueftion
But I prevented them by falling into a Swooi
occafion'd by the heat of the Houfe, and the fcer
or the Meat that was boyling over the Fire. Th
Indians were very officious to help me in this*Extn
mity, and when I revived they gave me a little t
eat. Then they enquir'd of me for the other ,
Men; for whom they prefently fent, and brough
all but Gob/on, who Was left a little further off, an<
treated us all very kindly : For our long-expede(
Guides were now returned from the North-fide, anc
gave large Commendations, of the Kindnefs and Ge
nerofity of our Men ; by which means all the In-
dians were become now again our very good Friends
The Indian who was fo particularly kind to us,
perceiving Mr. Gob/on was not yet arrived at the
Plantation, carried out Victuals to him, and after
he was a little refrefhed with that, brought him
up to us. So that now we were all together ao-ain,
and had a great deal of care taken of us. '

The Indi
ans re-
ceive
them
kindly.

Here

Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &c. 183

lere we flayed 7* Days to refrefh our felves, and They fet
1 took our March again : For we were defirous 5
ret to the North-Seas as foon as we could, and
) were now more willing to guide us than ever
>re ; fince the Guides our Party took with them,

not only been difmifs'd civilly, but with Pre-
-s alfo of Axes, Beads, &c. The Indians there-
l of the Village where we now were, order' d 4
y youno- Men to conducl us down again to the
(Kr, ove'r which the Tree was fallen, who going
7 with a good will, carried us thither in one Day;,
*reas we were 3 Days the firft time in going thi-
r When we came thither, we marched about a
le up the River, where lay a Canoa, into which
all imbarked, and the Indians guided us up the
le River which we before thro' miftake, had ftrove
go down. The Indians padled ftoutly againft the -
earn till Night, and then we lodged at a Houfe,
ere thefe Men gave fuch large Commendations of
r Men, who were gone to the North-Sea, that
! Matter of the Houfe treated us after the_ belt
inner. The next Day we fet out again with 2
Hans more, who made 6 m all, to row or pad-

us ; and our Condition now was well altered,
[n 6 Days time after this, they brought us to La-
ta'?, Houfe, who had before faved our Lives.
This Houfe is fituated on a fine little Hill, on Lacenta's
lich grows the ftatelieft Grove of Cotton Trees p^ce.
it ever I faw. - The Bodies of thefe Trees were Large
nerally 6 Foot in Diameter, nay fome 8, 9, iQj^"!1*
•, for 4 Indians and my felf took hand in hand
unda Tree, and could not fathom it by 3 Foot,
ere was likewife a ftately Plantain-walk, and a
rove of other fmall Trees, that would make a
eafant artificial Wildernefs, if Induftry and Art
*re bellowed on it.

The

2*4- Mr. WAFER** Voyages, &c.

The Circumference of this pleafant little Hi
contains at leaft 100 Acres of Land ; and is a Peni
fula of an oval Form, almoft furrounded with
great Rivers one coming from the Eaft, the oth
from the Weft ; which approaching within 40 Foot
each other at the Front of the Peninfula, fepara
again, embracing the Hill, and meet on the oth
bide, making there one pretty large River whk
runs very fw.ft. There is therefore but one Wa
to come m towards this Seat ; which as I before ol
ferved, is not above 40 Foot wide, between the R
vers on eacn Side j and 'tis fenced with hollow Barr
boes, Popes-heads and Prickle-pears, fo thick 1
rom one Side the Neck of Land to the other, th
ti impoffiWe for an Enemy to approach it.

rrv ,11 ^ r 6 5° pn'ndPal Men of *' Coun
ovP'r l^h q T'"S Comm^d, who is a Princ
rf T }■ u S°"*-Part of the Ifthmus of Darien
the Indians both there and on the North-fide alfo
paying him great Refpecl: But the South-fide i:
his Country, and this Hill his Seat or Palace. Then
is only one Canoa belonging to it, which ferves tc
ferry over Lacenta and the reft of them
!««»«, ^nen we were arrived at this Place, Lacenta Hif

&» jjg 6Z?f es' and *5<**» b-k iff 2

Kmf ;,nB us. ,th« twasnot poffible for us to travel to
the North-fide at this Seafon ; for the rainy Seafon
was now musHeighth, and Travelling very bad"
but told us we mould ftay with him, a°nd he would
.Kecareofus: And we were forc'd to comply

We had not been long here before an Occurrence
happened, which tended much to the increafing the
good Opinion Lacenta and his People had conceiVd
ot us, and brought me into particular Efteemwith

Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &C. 285

C fo happen'd, that one of Lacenta'* Wives be-
ihdifpofed, was to be let Blood 5. which the Indians The rndi-
form in this Manner: The Patient is feated on if£™^g
ne in the River, and one with a fmall Bow moots Blooa.
e Arrows into the naked Body of the Patient,
and down •, fhooting them as faft as he can, and
miffing any Part. But the Arrows are gaged,
:hat they penetrate no farther than we generally
uft our Lancets : And if by chance they hit a
in which is full of Wind and the Blood fpurts out
ttle, they will leap and skip about, mewing ma-
Antick Geftures, by way of Rejoycing and Iri-

[ was by while this was performing on Lacenta's

dy • And perceiving their Ignorance, told Lacen-The A.

that if he pleafed, I would fhew him a better bleeds u- -
,y, without putting the Patient to fo much Toi-^
it. Let me fee, fays he ; and at his Command
bound up her Arm with a Piece of Bark, and
th my Lancet breathed a Vein : But this ram At-
-npt had like to have coft me my Life. For La-
ita feeing the Blood iffue out in a Stream, which
'd to come Drop by Drop, got hold of his Lance
d fwore by his Tooth, that if me did any other-
[fe than well, he would have my Heart's Blood,
was not moved, but defired him to be patient,
id I drew off about 1 2 Ounces, and bound up her
rm, and defired me might reft till the next Day :
y which Means the Fever abated, and (he had not
lother Fit. This gain'd me fo much Reputation,
lat Lacenta came to me, and before all his Attend-
ants, bowed and kifs'd my Hand. Then the reft
ime thick about me, and fome killed my Hand,
thers my Knee, and fome my Foot: After which The A.
was taken up in a Hammock, and carried on much ,*■
den's Shoulders, Lacenta himfelf making a Speech^
1 my Praife, and commending me as much fupen-
»ur to any of their Do&ors. Thus 1 was carried
1 about

236 Mr. WAFERV Voyages, Sec.

about from Plantation to Plantation, and lived

*hyfick and Phlebotomy to thole that lant
For though I loft my Salves and Plaifters w
the Negro ran away with my Knapfack' ye
pteferv'd a Box of Inftruments, andPa few Me
caments wrapt up in an Oil Cloth, by havina th

1 lived thus fome Months among the India

VaA I Mac!ler ad0r'd me- Some°of thefet
«» had been Slaves to the Spaniard,, and had ma
their Efcapes; which I fupp0fe was Z h<£ ™
the.rexpreffinga Dem-e o/lptifm : But more
have a;l European Name given\hem than for .
thing they know of Chriftianity

with t£ &ed,hlm a H««nng wherem he took great D
«*,*. %hC. here being good Game. I was one Time
bout the Beginning of the dry Seafon, accommn
ing h.m toward theSouth-Eaftpart of the CoTt"
and we paft'd by a River where the Spaniards £
gathering Gold. I took this River to be one of tho
winch comes from the Gulph of ^Michael Wh°
we came near the Place where they wrough
we ftole foftly through the Woods, and pkcS
laves behind the great Trees, looked on thfm

l^Tl %£££* tV°C ^ US- The Mann" «
cneir getting C^old is as follows. Thev have lit-i-l

wooden Dimes which they dip foftly intoVhe Wat"

and take ,t up half full of Sand, which they d

gently out of the Water , and every dipping the

take "P Gold mix'd with the Sand Wate^moreo

lefs. This they make, and the Sand rifeth, an,

buTrhTr 'u f"TS °f the Di(h with the Water
but the Gold fettles to the Bottom. This don,
tney bnng » out and dry it in the Sun, and ther
pound it in a Mortar. Then they take it out anc

lpreac

GoIdRi<
vcr.

of gather-
ing Gold.

Mr. WAFER'* Voyages, &cl . 287^

read it on Paper, and having a Load-ftone they
ove that over it, which draws all the Iron, &c<
om it, and then leaves the Gold clean from Ore or
ilth -, and this they bottle up in Gourds or Cala-
iflies. In this Manner they work during the dry
:afon, which is 3 Months ; for in the wet Time
ie Gold is warned from the Mountains by violent
ains, and then commonly the Rivers are very
eep •, but now in the gathering Seafon, when they
re fallen again, they are not above a Foot deep,
laving fpent the dry Seafon in gathering, they im-
ark in fmall Veffels for Santa Maria Town 3 and Sa„ts 1
' they meet with good Succefs and a favourable Maria.
time, they carry with them, by Report (for I
»arnt thefe Particulars of a Spaniard whom we The Gold
Dok at Santa Maria under Captain Sharp) 18 or carried to

0000 Pound Weight of Gold : But whether they ;£'"""
ather more or lefs, 'tis incredible to report the

icore of Gold which is yearly wanYd down out of
hefe Rivers.
During thefe Progreffes I made with Lacenta, my

1 Companions (laid behind at his Seat ; but I had by
his Time fo far ingratiated my felf with Lacenta,
hat he would never go any where without me, and
: plainly perceiv'd he intended to keep me in this
Country all the Days of my Life ; which raifed
bme anxious Thoughts in me, but I conceal'd them
is well as I could.

Purfuing our Sport one Day, it hapned we ftart-
td a Pecary, which held the Indians and their Dogs
in Play the greateft Part of the Day •, till 'Lacenta
was aim oft fpent for want of Victuals, and was fo
troubled at his ill Succefs that he impatiently
winYd for fome better Way of managing this Sort
of Game.

I now underftood their Language pretty well, The A.
and finding what troubled him, I took this Oppor-leaveto -

tunity depart.

2SS

Mr. WAFER'f

&c.

and 'tis
granted.

Voyages
tunity to attempt the getting my Liberty to depart
by commending to him our EngUJh Dogs, and ma
king an Offer of bringing him a few of them fron
tmgland, if he would furfer me to go thither for
fliort Time. He demurred at this Motion a-while
but at length he fwore by his Tooth, layino- hi
fingers on it, that I mould have my Liberty, anc
tor my Sake the other 4 with me ; provided I woulc
promife and fwear by my Tooth, that I would re
turn and marry among them ; for he had made me
a Promife of his Daughter in Marriage, but fh(
was not then marriageable. I accepted of the Con-
ditions : And he further promifed, that at my Re-
turn he would do for me beyond my Expectation
?neJ?T\J r.ertU,m'd him Thanks> and was the next Day
"s dlfTff u^der^Co^y of 7 lufty Fellows; and
Houfe; ^f had 4 Women to carry our Provifions, and my
Cloaths, which were only a Linnen Frock and a
pair of Breeches. Thefe I faved to cover my Na-
kednefs, if ever I mould come among Chriftian*
again ; for at this Time I went naked as the Salvages
and was painted by their Women ; but I wouldlioc
fuffer them to prick my Skin, to rub the Paint in
as they ufe to do, but only to lay it on in little
Specks,
and arrives Thus we departed, from the Neighbourhood of
H»ere- the South Seas, where Lacenta was hunting, to his
Seat or Palace, where I arrived in about 15 Days
to the great Joy of my Conforts •, who had ftaid
there during this hunting Expedition I made with
Lacenta to the South-Eaft.

After many Salutations on both Sides, and fame
joyful Tears, I told them how I got my Liberty of
Lacenta, and what I promifed at my Return ; and
they were very glad at the Hopes of getting away,
after fo long a Stay in a Salvage Country.

I flayed

Mf. WAFER3/ Voyages, &c 189

I ftaid here fome few Days till I was refrefhed,
id then with my Companions marched away for
ie North-Seas, having a itrong Convoy of armed
idians for our Guides.

We travelled over many very high Mountains ; The main
laft we came to one furpafting the reft in Heighth, ^,d§e of
which we were 4 Days gradually afcending, tho' an '
>w and then with fome Defcent between while.
jing on the Top, I perceiv'd a ftrange Giddinefs
my Head ; and enquiring both of my Compani-
is, and the Indians, they all allured me they were
the like Condition •, which 1 can only impute to
ie Height of the Mountains, and the Clearnefs of
ie Air. I take this part of the Mountains to have
:en higher than either that which we crofs'd with
Captain Sharp, or that which Mr. Damper and the
:ft of our Party crofs'd in their Return : For from
lis Eminence, the Tops of the Mountains over
hich we paffed before, feem'd very much below
s, and fometimes we could not fee them for the
louds between ; but when the Clouds fiew over
ie Tops of the Hill, they would break, and then
2 could difcern them, looking as it were throJ io
any Loop-holes.

I defired 2 Men to lie on my Legs, while I laid
y Head over that Side of the Mountain which
is moft perpendicular •, but could fee no Ground
r the Clouds that were between. The Indians car-
id us over a Ridge fo narrow that we were forced
ftraddle over on our Breeches ; and the Indians
ok the fame Care of themfelves, handing their
)ws, Arrows, and Luggage, from one to ano-
er. As we defcended we were all cured of our
iddinefs.

When we came to the Foot of the Mountain we
und a River that ran into the North- Seas, and
:ar the Side of it were a few Indian Houfes, which Jndiani
forded us indifferent good Entertainment. Here Settle-.

~"l

Vol. III.

2p0

Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &c.
we lay one Night, it being the firft Houfe I ha
feen for 6 Days ; my Lodging by the way bein
in a Hammock made fail to 2 Trees, and my C(

vering a Plantain-Leaf.

They
come to
the Sea-
fide.

The next Morning we fet forward, and in 2 Da}
Time arrived at the Sea-fide, and were met by 4
of the beft Sort of Indians in the Country, wh
congratulated our coming and welcom'd us to the
Indians in Houfes. They were all in their fineft Robes, whic

Gowns are lon§ white Gowns> caching to their Ancle
with Fringes at the Bottom, and in their Hands the
had half Pikes. But of thefe Things, and fuch (
ther Particulars as I obferv'd during my Abode i
this Country, I mail fay more when I come to dc
fcribe it.

We prefently enquired of thefe Indians when the
expected any Ships ? They told us they knew noi
but would enquire ; and therefore they fent for on
of their Conjurers, who immdiately went to wor
to raife the Devil, to enquire of him at what Tim
a Ship would arrive here ; for they are very expei
and skilful in their Sort of Diabolical Conjuration:
We were in the Houfe with them, and they firft be
gan to work with making a Partition with Hair

Pawawing mocks, that the Pawawers, for fo they call thei
Conjurers, might be by themfelves. They conti
nued fome time at their Exercife, and we could hea
them make mod hideous Yellings and Shrieks ; imi
tating the Voices of all their kind of Birds am
Beafts. With their own Noife, they joyn'd that c
feveral Stones flruck together, and of Conch-ihells
and of a forry Sort of Drums made of hollow Bam
boes, which they beat upon ; making a jarring
Noife alfo with Strings faften'd to the larger Bone
of Beafts. And every now and then they woul(
make a dreadful Exclamation, and clattering all o
a fudden, would as fuddenly make a Paufe and ;

The In-
dians fall
to Conju-
ring.

profound Silence, But finding

that after a confide
rabl<

Mr. WAFER fs Voyages, ktl 291

rable Time no An'fwer was made them, they con-
cluded that 'twas becaufe We were in the Houfe,
and fo turn'd us out, and went to work again. But
ftill finding no Return, after an Hour or more,
they made a new Search in our Apartment ; and
finding fome of our Cloaths hanging up in a Basket
againft the Wall, they threw 'em out of Doors in
great Difdain. Then they fell once more to their
Pawawing -, and after a little Time they came out
with their Anfwer, but all in a Muck-fweat ; fo
that they firft went down to the River and wafhed
themfelves, and then came and deliver'd the ■ Oracle The An*
to us, which was to this Effect : That the 10th Day {"?j^!
from that Time there would arrive 2 Ships ; andj^g, "
that in the Morning of the 10th Day we fhouldhear
firft one Gun, and fometime after that another ;
that one of us mould die foon after \ and that go-
ing aboard we mould lofe one of our Guns : All
which fell out exactly according to the Prediction.

For on the 10th Day in the Morning we heard the
Guns, firft one, and then another, in that Manner Twoships
that was told us ; and one of our Guns or Fufees arriv'd.
was loft in going aboard the Ships -, For we 5, and
3 of the Indians went off to the Ships in a Canoa \
but as we crofs'd the Bar of the River it overfet,
where Mr. Gopjbn, one of my Conforts, was like
to be drowned ; and tho' we recover' d him out of
the Water, yet he loft his Gun according to the Pre-
diction. I know not how this happen'd as to his
Gun *, but ours were all laih'd down to the Side of
the Canoa : And in the Weft-Indies we never go in-
to a Canoa but a little Matter overfets, but we
make faft our Guns to the Sides or Seats : And I
fuppofe Mr. Gopfon^ who was a very careful and
fenfible Man, had lafh'd down his alfo, tho' not
faft enough,

u i

Being

Mr. WAFER'* Voyages, &c.

Being over-fet, and our Canoa turn'd upfide down.

we got to Shore as well as we could, and dragg'c

Mr. Gopjon with us, tho' with Difficulty. , Then w«

put off again, and kept more along the Shore, and ai

They go length flood over to La Sound's Key, where the 2

SWm thC Shi-pS Iay' an EngU^ Slo°P' and a SPani#> Tartan,
' . p " which the Englijh had taken but 2 or 3 Days before

We knew by the Make of this laft that it was a Spanifl
Veffel, before we came up with it: But feeing it ir
Company with an Englijh one, we thought they mutt
be Conforts ; and whether the Spanijh Veffel fhould
prove to be under the Englifh one, or the Englijh un-
der that, we were refolv'd to put it to the Venture,
and get aboard, being quite tir'd with our Stay a-
mong the wild Indians. The Indians were more afraid
■of its being a Veffel of 'Spaniards , their Enemies as well
as ours : For this was another Particular they told
us 10 Days before, when they were Pazvawing, that
when their Oracle inform'd them that 2 Veffels
would arrive at this Time, they underfrood by their
Daemons Anfwer, that one of them would be an
Englijh one ; but as to the other, he fpake fo dubi-
oufly, that they were much afraid it would be a
Spanifh one ; and 'twas not without great Difficulty
that we now perfwaded them to go aboard with us ;
which was another remarkable Circumft ance, fince
this Veffel was not only a Spanifh one, but actually
under the Command of the Spaniards at the Time
of the Pawawingy and fome Days after, till taken
by the Engli/h.
They and w« went aboard the Englijh Sloop, and our Indi-
theindiansan Friends with us, and were receiv'd with a very
Sdda"hearty Welcome- The 4 Englijhmen with me were
prefently known and carefs'd by the Ship's Crew ;
but I fat a while cringing upon my Hams among
the Indians^ after their Fafhion, painted as they
were, and all naked but only about the "Waift, and
with my Nofe-piece ( of which more hereafter; hang-

Mr. WAFER'* Voyages, Sec.

293

ing over my Mouth. I was willing to try if they
knew me in this Difguife ; and 'twas the better Part
afan Hour before one of the Crew, looking more
narrowly upon me, cry'd out, Here's our Do ft or \
and immediately they all congratulated my Arrival
among them. I did what I could prefently to wafhTheA.
off my Paint; but 'twas near a Month before _ I *™«£ft
could get tolerably rid of it, having had my Skin
fo long'ftain'd with it, and the Pigment dry'd on in
the Sun: And when it did come off, 'twas ufually
with the peeling off of Skin and all. As for Mr.Mr.G*/>/«»
Gop fitly we brought him alive to the Ship, yet hedies*
did not recover his Fatigues, and his drenching in
the Water, but having languifh'd aboard about 3
Days, he died there at La Sound's Key ; and his
Death verify'd another Part of the Pawawer's Pre-
diction. Our Indians, having been kindly entertain-The mft-
ed aboard for about 6 or 7 Days ; and many others*£Jr*turD
of them, who went to and fro with their Wives and
Children, and Lacenia among them, vifiting us a-
bouta Fortnight or 3 Weeks, we at length took leave
of them, except 2 or 3 of them who would needs
go with us to Windward ', and we fet fail, with the
Tartane in our Company, firft to the more Eaftern They fet
Ifles of the Samballoes, and then towards the Coaft *an£
of Cartagene. Cartagena

But I fhall not enter into the Bifcourfe of our
Voyage after this, Mr. Damper, who was in the fame
VefFel, having done it particularly. It may fuffiee
juft to intimate, That I was cruifing with him upjhe A's
and down the Weft-India Coaft and Ifland, partly^1^
under Capt. Wright, and partly under Capt. Tanky \WAn^m
till fuch time as Capt. Tanky left Mr. Dampier and with Mr.
the reft under Capt. Wright, at the Tile of Salt ^Jjjjj
tuga, as Mr. Dampier relates in the 3d Chapter of his^"^1
Voyage round the World, p. 58. I went then awayr*»*J.
with Capt. Tanky firft to the Me of AJh where thel.of Jfi*
French took us, as he relates occafionally. Chap. 4.
U3 p* 68*

ap4

His Am
val in
Virginia.
He goes
into the
S. Seas
with Mr
Dampier

and parts
with him

there*

This Rela.
tion dif-
eontinu-
ed, to de-
fcribe the
Jflhmm.

Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &c

p. 68, as alfo their turning us there afhore ; our
being taken in by Capt. Triftian another FrencbMm \
his carrying us with him almoft to Petit-Guaves ; our
Men feizing the Ship when he was gone afhore,
carrying it back to the Me of A(h, and there taking
in tne reft of our Crew: The taking the French Ship
with Wines, and the other in which Capt. Cook, who
was then of our Crew, went afterwards to the South-
beas, after having firft been at Virginia : So that we
arrived in Virginia with thefe Prizes about 8 or o
Months after Mr. Damper came thither, I fet out
with him alfo in that new Expedition to the South-
Seas under Capt. Cook, though he forgot to mention
me in that Part of his Voyages. We went round
Terra del Fuego, and fo up the South-Sea Coaft,
along CM, Peru, and Mexico, as he relates at large
in his 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th Chapters, p. 223.
There he tells how Capt. Davis, who had fucceeded
Capt. Cm* at his Death, broke off Confortmip with
Capt. bwan, whom we had met with in the South-
iV I hlmfeIf being defirous to ftand over to
the Eaft-Indtes, went aboard Capt. Swan : But 1
remam'd aboard the fame Ship, now under Capt.
Dams and return'd with him the way I came. Some
tew Particulars that I obferv'd in that Return, I
lhall fpeak of at the Conclufion of the Book : In
the mean while, having given this Summary account
of the Courfe of my Travels, from my firft parting
with Mr. Dampier in the Ifthmus, till my laft leaving
him in the South-Seas, I lhall now go on with the
particular Defcription of the Ifthmus of America,
which was the main Thing I intended in publifhing
thefe Relations, r °

Mr,

Mr. WAFERV Voyages, &c

29$

Mr. Wafer; Defection of the Ifthmus of
America.

THE Country I am going to defcribe is theffimusoi
narrower!: Part of the Ifthmus of America, Darten-
which is moft peculiarly call'd the Ifthmus of Darien;
probably, from the great River of that Name,
wherewith its Northern Coaft is bounded to the Eaft : Rjve^of
For beyond this River the Land fpreads fo to the^*™*' of
Eaft and North-Eaft, as that on the other Coaft the Jjih-
does to the South and South-Eaft, that it can no mus.
further be called an Ifthmus. It is moftly compre- Breadth,
hended between the Latitudes of 8 and 10 N. but its
breadth in the narroweft Part, is much about one
Degree. How far it reaches in length Weftward un- Length
der the Name of the Ifthmus of Darien ; whether
as far as Honduras, or Nicaragua, or no further than
the River Chagre, or the Towns of Portobel and
Panama, I cannot fay.

This laft is the Boundary of what I mean to de-
fcribe •, and I mail be moft particular as to the mid-
dle Part even of this, as being the Scene of my A-
bode and Ramble in that Country : Tho' what I
fhall have occafion to fay as to this Part of the
Ifthmus, will be in fome Meafure applicable to the
Country even beyond Panama.

Were Ito fix particular Limits to this narroweftBounds o£
Part of the American Ifthmus, I would affign for its what : is
WefternTerm, a Line which mould run from the™^ne
Moutrf of the River Chagre, where it falls into the
North-Sea, to the ncareft Part of the South-Sea,
Weftward of Panama i including thereby that City,
and Portobel, with the Rivers of Cheapo and Chagre^
And I Should draw a Line from Point Garachina, or
U 4 d*&

Z96 Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &c.

the South-part of the Gulph of St. Michael, direcl:-
ly Eaft, to the neareft Part of the great River of
IfcSitaati-ZW, for the Eaftern Boundary, fo as to take
Cat*/ Bay into the Iftbmus. On the North and
South it is fufficiently bounded by each of thefe
vail Oceans : and confidering that this is the nar-
rower! Land that disjoins them, and how exceeding
great the Compafs is that muft be fetch'd from one
ftiore to the other by Sea, fince it has the North and
South America for each Extreme, 'tis of a very lingu-
lar Situation, very pleafant and agreeable.

Nor doth either of thefe Oceans fall in at once up-
on the Shore, but is intercepted by a great many
valuable Iflands, that lie fcatter'd along each Coaft :
The Baftimento's and others ; but efpecially the long
Range of the Samballoe's, on the North-fide •, and
the King's or Pearl Iflands, P erica and others in the
Bay of Panama, on the South-fide. This Bay is
caus'd by the bending of the Iftbmus : And for the
bignefs of it, there is not, it may be, a more plea-
fant and advantageous one any where to be found.

The Land of this Continent is almoft every where
of an unequal Surface, diftinguifh'd with Hills and
Valleys, of great Variety for Heighth, Depth, and
Extent. The Valleys are generally water'd with
Rivers, Brooks, and Perennial Springs, with which
the Country very much abounds. They fall fome
into the North, and others into the South ; and do
moil of them take their Rife from a Ridge or Chain
of higher Hills than the reft, running the length of
the Iftbmus, and in a manner parrallel to the Shore ;
which for diilinction's-fake, I mail call the Main
Ridge.

This Ridge is of an unequal Breadth, and .trends
along bending as the Iftbmus it felf doth, JTis in
moil part neareft the Edge of the North-Sea, fel-
dom above 10 or 15 Miles diftant. We had always
a fair ancl clear View of the North-Sea from thence,

and

Iflands on
each fide.

Bay of
Panama.

The Face
of the

Land,
Hills and
Vales.
Waters.

Main
Ridge of

Hills.

Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &c

297

d the various Makings of the Shore, together with Fine Prof-
; adjacent Iflands, render'd it a very agreeable Ped-
ofpetf: ; but the South-Sea I could not fee from
f Part of the Ridge. Not that the diftance of it
>m the South-Sea is fo great, as that the Eye could
t reach fo far, efpecially from fuch an Eminence,
re the Country between a Level or/ Champian :
it though there are here and there Plains and
Jleys of a confiderable Extent and fome open
aces, yet do they lie intermix'd with confiderable
ills ; and thofe too fo cloath'd with tall Woods,
at they much hinder the Profpect which would
herwife be. Neither on the other fide is the mainHillsto
idge difcern'dfrom that Side, by Reafon of thofe the S.of
ills that lie between it and the South-Sea : upon£e™m
:ending each of which in our Return from the
>uth-Sea, we expected to have been upon the main
idge, and to have feen the North- Sea. And tho*
ill the further we went that way, the Hills we
ofs'd feem'd the larger •, yet by this means, we
ere lefs fenfible of the Heighth of the main Ridge,
ian if we had climb' d up to it next way out of a
w Country.

On the North-fide of the main Ridge, there are N. fide all
ther no Hills at all, or fuch as are rather gentle* Fo"#<
•eclivities or gradual Subfidings of the Ridge, than
[ills diftincl: from it : And though this Side of the
ountry is every where covered with Woods, and
lore univerfally too, for it is all one continued Fo-
jft, yet the Eye from that Heighth commands the
Is diftant Northern Shore with much eafe and
leafure.

Nor is the main Ridge it felf carried on every Breaks
rhere with a continued Top -, but is rather a Row the max
r Chain of diftind Hills, than one prolonged : RldSe'
Lnd accordingly hath frequent and large Valleys
isjoining the feveral Eminencies that compofe its
3,ngth ; And thefe Valleys, as they make even the

Ridge

2$$

Vi.Chag

The Ri-
vers,
Brooks
and

Springs ttl
the N
Coaii

R. of Da-

rien„

River of
Concep-
tion.
R. Chagre.

The Soil
by Caret
Bay.

Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &c
Ridge it felf the more ufeful and habitable, fo ai
they fome of them fo deep in their Defcent, as I
ven to admit a PafTage for Rivers. For thus tr.
River Chagre, which rifes from fome Hills near th
South-Sea, runs along in an Oblique North Weftej
ly Courfe, till it finds it felf a Palfage into the Nortr
Sea, thos the Chain of Hills, if I miftake not, is es
tended much farther to the Weft, even to the Lak
of Nicarague.

The Rivers that water this Country are fome c
them indifferent large ; though but few navigable
as having Bars and Sholes at the Mouths. On th
Norfh Ssa Coaft the Rivers are for the molt Par
very fmall ; for rifing generally from the mail
Ridge, which lies near that Shore, their Courfe i
■very fhort. The River of Darien is indeed a ven
large one •, but the depth at the Entrance is not an
fwerable to the widenefs of its Mouth, though 5ti:
deep enough further in : But from thence to Chagre,
the whole length of this Coaft, they are little bettei
than Brooks : Nor is the River of Conception am;
other, which comes out over-againft La Sound's Kej
in the Satnballoes. The River of Chagre is pretty con-
siderable ; for it has a long bending Coaft, rifing a?
It does from the South and Eaft-part of the Iflbmus,
and at fuch a diftance from its Outlet. But in ge-
neral, the North-Coaftis plentifully watered ; yet it
is chiefly with Springs and Rivulets, trickling down
from the Neighbouring Hills.

The Soil on this North-Coaft is various ; gene-
rally 'tis good Land, rifing in Hills ; but to the
Sea there are here and there Swamps, yet feldom a-
bove half a Mile broad.

•Inclufively from Caret Bay, which lies in the
River of Darien, and is the only Harbour in it, to
the Promontory near Golden IJland, the Shore of the
Ifthmus is indifferently fruitful, partly Sandy Bay ;
but part of itisdrowned^ fwampy, Mangrove Land,

where

Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &c\ 299

:re there is no going afhore but up to the Middle

Mud. The Shore of this Coaft rifes in Hills

fently •, and the main Ridge is about 5 or 6

es. diftant. Caret Bay hath 2 or 3 Rivulets of

h Water falling into it, as I am informed ; for I

e not been there. It is a little Bay, and two

ill Wands lying before it, make it an indifferent

)d Harbour, and hath clear Anchoring Ground,

bout any Rocks. Thefe Iflands are pretty high

id, cloathed with variety of Trees.

ro the Weftward of the Cape, at the Entrance Bay near

the River Darien, is another fine fandy Bay. In[raen^n"of

Cod of it lies a little, low, fwampy Ifland ; th'e Rlver
»ut which 'tis mole Water and dirty Ground, notof Darien.
for Shipping; and the more of the Iftbmus be-^^
d and about it, is fwampy Land overgrown withBay#
mgroves •, till after 3 or 4 Miles the Land afcends
to the main Ridge. But though the Cod of this
j be fo bad, yet the entrance of it is deep Wa-
[ and hard fandy bottom, excellent for anchor-

; and has 3 Iflands lying before it, which make
n extraordinary good Harbour. The Eaftermoft
thefe 3 is Golden Ifland, a fmall one, with a fairG^» *•
p Channel between it and the Main. It is rocky
I fteep all round to the Sea, fand thereby natu-
y fortified) except only the Landing-place, which Good
. fmall fandy Bay on the South-fide, towards mrt)0U?-
: Harbour, from whence it gently rifes. It is mo-
•ately high, and cover'd with fmall Trees or
^ubs. The Land of the Iftbmus oppofite to it, to
: South-Eaft, is excellent fruitful Land, of a
,ck Mold, with Sand intermix'd •, and is pretty
el for 4 or 5 Mile, till you come to the foot
the Hills. At this place we landed at our going
o the South-Seas with Capt. Sharp. I have • been
lore at this Golden Ifland, and was lying in the
irbour near it for about a Fortnight together be-
*S I went into the South-Seas, Near the Eaftern-

Another
lfland.

lfland of
Pines.

300 Mr. WAFER'j Voyages, &c.

Point of the Bay, which is not above 3 or 4 Fu
longs diftant from Golden Ijland, there is a Rivul,
ot very good Water.

Weft of Golden lfland lies the biggeft of the

tn/T lkr Bay,; k is' as a larSe ]°* fw^P7 ■
«and, fo befet with Mangroves, that it is difficu

having no Bufinefs in fuch bad Ground. It lie's v(
ry near a Point of the Iftbmus, which is fuch a S01
of Ground too ; for a Mile or 2 farther Weftward

SS iTV ? Kr ' u' Gr0Und °n the other Si*, quit
into the Cod of the Bay. This lfland is fcarce pan
ed from the Ifthmus but at High-water » and eve)
then bnips cannot pafs between.

The lfland of Pines is a fmail lfland to the Nort]
of the other 2, making a Kind of Triangle wit]
them. It rifes in 2 Hills, and is a very remarkabl,
Land off at Sea. It m cover'd all over with gooc

f f ieCSw fit f°r 17 Ufe ; and has a fine Rivule
of frefh Water The North of it is rocky, as i
the oppofite Shore of the Iftbmus. On the SoJ
you go alhore on the lfland at a curious Sand-bay.
inclofed between 2 Points like a Half-Moon ; and
there is very good Riding. You may Ml quite
round the lfland of Pines ; but to go to GolL I-

ru HTanrb(\ur' Y°U muft enter bY the Eaft-end of
Golden mnds, between that and the Main; for
there is no paffing between it and the great low I-
iland. D

TheShore From thefe Iflands, and the low fwampy Point

llZLT lt? t°,t;fm' theJSh°re runs North- Wefterly to
&mauaS.F Samballas 5 and for the firft 1 Leagues 'tis
guarded with a Riff of Rocks, fome above,' and
fome under Water, where a Boat cannot go alhore:
The Rocks he fcatter'd unequally in Breadth, for
a Mi e in fome Places, in others 2 from the Shore.
At the North-Weft-End of thefe Rocks, is a fine
little landy Bay, with good anchoring and going

alhore

Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &c i 3 oi

iore, as is reported by feveral Privateers : And
e End of the Rocks on the one Side, and fome of
e Samballoes Wands, (the Range of which begins
om hencej on the other Side, guard it from the
:a, and make it a very good Harbour. This, as
ell as the reft, is much frequented by Privateers -,
id is by thofe of our Country call'd, fickle meTickUmc
ickly Harbour. l»ickh

All along from hence to Point Sanballas, lie theHarb0"r-
Mottoes Iflands, a great Multitude of them fcat-*J£. ■
ring in a Row, and collaterally too, at very une-
jal Diftances, fome of one, fome 2, or 2 Mile and

half, from the Shore, and from one another -,
hich, with the adjacent Shore, its Hills and perpe-
lal Woods, make a lovely Landfchape off at Sea.
here are a great many more of thefe Iflands than
>uld well be reprefented in the Map •, fome of them
fo being very fmall. They feem to lie parcell'd
ut in Clufters, as it were ; between which general-
r, there are navigable Channels, by which you
lay enter within them •, and the Sea between the
hole Range and the Jfthmus is navigable from End
) End, and affords every where good anchoring,
1 hard fandy Ground, and good Landing on the
lands and Main. In this long Channel, on the In-
de of fome or other of thofe little Keys or Iflands,
e the Winds how they will, you never fail of a
pod Place for any Number of Ships to ride at ; fo
hat this was the greateft Rendezvous of the Priva-l4 Sound>%
;ers on this Coaft i but chiefly La Sound's Key, or Key.
printer's Key, efpecially if they ftaid any Time springer*
ere ; as well becaufe thefe 2 Iflands afford a good ey*
helter for careening, as becaufe they yield Wells of
refli Water upon digging, which few of the reft
,0. The Samballoe's are generally low, flat, fandy
(lands, cover'd with Variety of Trees ; [efpecially Trees in
jith Mammees, Sapadilloes, and Manchineel, fi«J««|*:
elide the Shell-fiih, and other Refreihments they

afford

Channel
of the
Samballoei

302 Mr. W A F E R 's Voyages, &c.

afford the Privateers.] The outcrmoft Keys t
wards the main Sea, are rocky on that Side (a]
are called the Rjffe Keys •,) their oppofite Sides a
fandy, as the inner moil Keys or Iflands are. Ar
there is a Ridge alfo of Rocks lying off at Sea <
the Out-fide, which appear above Water at for
half a Mile diftance, and extend in length as far
La Sound's Key, if not farther, and even the S<
between, and the Shore of the Samballoes it felf c
that Side, is all rocky.

The long Channel between the Samballoes and tl
Ifihmus is of 2, 3 and 4 Miles breadth; and tl
Shore of the Ifihmus is partly Sandy Bays, and par
ly Mangrove Land, quite to Point Samballas. Thi
Mountains are much at the fame Diftance of 6 or

Lfc£n*dMile fr°m the Shore ; but about the River of Cof
adjacent cePtton* wh*ch comes out about a Mile or 2 to th
Coaft. Eaftward of La Sound's Key, the main Ridge i
fomewhat further diftant. Many little Brooks fa
into the Sea on either Side of that River, and th
Outlets are fome of them in the Sandy Bay, am
fome of them among the Mangrove Land ; th
Swamps of which Mangrove are Con this Coaft
made by the Salt Water, fo that the Brooks whicl
come out there are brackifh ; but thofe in the Sand]
Bay yield very fweet Water. None of thefe Out
lets, not the River of Conception it felf, are deer
enough to admit of any VefTel butCanoas, the Ri
vers on this part of the Coaft being numerous but
ihallow i but the fine Riding in the Channel mike<
Good any other Harbour needlefs. I have been up and
^nauig. down moft Parts of it, and upon many of the I-
flands, and there the going afhore is always eafy.
But a Sea-wind makes a great Sea fometimes fall
in upon the Ifihmus, efpecially where a Channel o-
pens between the Iftands ; fo that I have been over-
fet m a Canoa going- afhore in one River, and in put-
ting off to Sea from another. The Ground herea-

abouts

Mr. WAFER'; Voyages, &c.

outs is an excellent Soil within Land, rifing up
ently to the main Ridge, and is a continued Foreft
f {lately Timber-Trees.

Point Sanballas is a rocky Point, pretty long and Point Sanz
>w, and is alfo fo guarded with Rocks for a Mile**"4'-
ff at Sea, that it is dangerous coming near it.
'rom hence the Shore runs Weft, and a little Nor-
lerly, quite to Portobel. About 3 Leagues Weft-
ard from this Point lies Port Scrivan. The Coaft
etween them is all rocky, and the Country within
.and all v/oody, as in other Parts.

Port Scrivan is a good Harbour, when you arcSVm^
;ot into it; but the Entrance of it, which is fcarcePort,

Furlong over, is fo befet with Rocks on each
ide, but efpecially to theEaft, that it is very dan-
gerous going in : Nor doth there feem to be a
)epth of Water fufficient to admit Veffels of any
Sulk, there being in moft Places but 8 or 9 Foot
Vaten The Infi.de of the Harbour goes pretty
ieep within the Land •, and as there is good Riding,
ti a fandy Bottom, efpecially at the Cod of it,
vhich is alfo fruitful Land, and has good frefh
Water, fo there is good Landing too on the Eaft
.nd South, where the Country is low for 2 or 3
diles, and very firm Land •, but the Weft-fide is a
iwamp of red Mangroves. It was here at this Red Man-
Iwamp, as bad a Paffage as it is, that Capt. Coxon, groves.
La Sound, and the Privateers landed in the Year
: 678-9, when they went to take Portobel. They
tad by this Means a very tedious and wearifome
tfarch ; but they chofe to land at this Diftance from
he Town, rather than at the Baftimento's^ or any
learer Place, that they might avoid being difcover'd
Dy the Scouts which the Spaniards always keep in
:heir Neighbourhood, and fo might furprize them.
And they did, indeed, by this Means avoid being
iifcern'd, till they came within an Hour's March
rf the Town 1 tho' they travelled along the Coun-
try

Mr. WAFER'/ Voyages, &c.
try for 5 or 6 Days. The Spaniards make no Uf<
of this Port Scrivan ; and unlefs a Privateer, or a
rambling Sloop put in here by Chance, no VerTel
vifits it in many Years.

From Port Scrivan to the Place where flood for-
merly the City of N ombre de Dios, 'tis further Weil-
ward about 7 or 8 Leagues. The Land between is
very uneven, with fmall Hills fteep againa the Sea;
the Valleys between them water'd with forry little
Rivers. The Soil of the Hills is rocky, producing
but fmall fhrubby Trees •, the Valleys are fome of
good Land, fome of Swamps and Mangroves.
The main Ridge here feems to lie at a good Di-
ftance from the Sea ; for it was not difcernible in
this March of the Privateers along the Shore to Por-
Nomlre detobel. The Place where Nombre de Bios flood is the
Dm. Bottom of a Bay, clofe by the Sea, all over-grown
with a Sort of Wild-Canes, like thofe us'd by our
Anglers in England, There is no Sign of a Town
remaining, it is all fo over-run with thefe Canes.
The Situation of it feems to have been but very in-
different, the Bay before it lying open to the Sea,
and affording little Shelter for Shipping ; which I
have heard was one Reafon why the Spaniards for-
fook it : And another, probably, was the Un-
healthinefs of the Country it felf, it being fuch low
fwampy Land, and very fickly •, yet there is a Ri-
vulet of very fweet Waters which runs clofe by the
Eafl-fide of the Town. The Mouth of the Har-
bour is very wide ; and tho» I have heard that there
lie before it 2 or 3 little Keys, or Rocks, yet they
afforded no great Security to it. So that the Spani-
ards were certainly much in the right, for quitting
this Place to fettle at Portobel •, which tho' it be al-
fo an unhealthy Place, yet has it the Advantage of
a very good and defenfible Harbour,

About

505

Fafti-
memo's*

of the Ifthmus of America.
About a Mile or 2 to the Weftward of thefe
lall Iflands, at the Mouth of the Bay of No?nhre

Dios, and about half a Mile or more from, the
lore, ' lie a few Iflands call'd the Baftimento's-, for f-
e moft part pretty high, and one peeked, and all
oath'd with Woods. On one of them, (part of
hich alfo was a fandy Bay, and a good Riding
id Landing-place; there is a Spring of very good
fater. I was afhore at this Ifland, and up and
)wn among the reft of them ; and all of them to-
>ther make a very good Harbour between them
id the Ifthmus. The Bottom affords good ancho-
ng •, and there is good coming in with the Sea-
ind between the Eaftermoft Ifland and the next to
and going out with the Land-wind the fame way,
lis being the chief Paffage. Further Weft, before
ou come to PorfoW, lie 2 fmall Iflands, flat, and Two o*
ithout Wood or Water. They are pretty clofetherlfle*.
)gether ; and one of them I have been afhore up-
n. The Soil is fandy, and they are environ' d with
.ocks towards the Sea j and they lie fo near the
(Ihmus that there is but a very narrow Channel be-
veen, not fit for Ships to come into.

The Shore of the Ifthmus hereabouts conflfts
loftly of fandy Bays, after you are paft a Ridge of
Locks that run out from the Bay of Nombre de Dt*
I pointing toward the Baftimento's. Beyond the The
hftimento's to Portcbel, the Coaft is generally Neigh-
ocky. Within Land the Country is full of highSho're*£
nd fteep Hills, very good Land •, moil woody, the //?/^-
mlefs where clear'd for Plantations by Spani/h Indi-mus.
ms, tributary to PortobeK whither they go tofjf^
:hurch. And thefe are the firft Settlements on
his Coaft under the Spani/h Government, and he
tattering in lone Houfes or little Villages, from
ience.-to Portobel and beyond <, with fome Look-
juts or Watches kept towards the Sea, for the Safe-
:y of the Town. In all the reft. of the North ^
Vol. IE. X

Portobel.

The Har
bour.

306 Mr. W A F E Pv 's T>efcription.

of the i/Hw^j, which I have defcribed hitherto, tk
Spaniards had neither Command over the Indians
nor Commerce with them while I was there, thoua
there are Indians inhabiting all along the Continent
yet one has told me fince, that the Spaniards ha*
won them over to them.

Portobel is a very fair, large and commodiou
Harbour, affording good Anchoring and god
Shelter for Ships, having a narrow Mouth, °anc
fpreading wider within. The Galleons from Span
find good Riding here during the Time of thei;
Bufinefs at Portobel ; for from hence they take ir
fuch of the Treafures of Peru as are brought thithej
TheForts. over Land from Panama. The Entrance of thi«
Harbour is fecur'd by a Fort upon the left Hanc
going in ', it is a very frrong one, and the Paffagc
is made morefecure by a Block-Houfe on the othei
Side, oppofue to it. At the Bottom of the Har-
bour lies the Town, bending along the Shore like a
Half-moon : In the Middle of which upon the Sea
is another fmall low Fort, environ'd with Houfes,
except only to the Sea : And at the Weft-end of the
Town, about a Furlong from the Shore, upon a
gentle Rifing, lies another Fort, pretty large and
very ftrong, yet pver-look'd by a Neighbouring
Hill further up the Country, which Sir Henry Mor-
gan made ufe of to take the Fort. In all thefe Forts
there may be about 2 or 300 Spanifr Soldiers in Gar-
rifom The Town is long and narrow, having two
principal Streets befides thofe that go a-crofs ; with
a fmall Parade about the Middle of it, furrounded
with pretty fair Houfes. The other Houfes alio
and Churches are pretty handfome, after the Spani/b
Make. The Town lies open to the the Country
without either Wall or Works ; and at the Eaft-
fide of it, where the Road to Panama goes out (be-
caufe of Hills that lie to the Southward of the
Town, and obflrucl: the direct PafTage; there lies a

long

The
Town

Road to

Panama.

of the Ifthmus of America. 307

iong Stable running North and South from the
Town to which it joins. This is the King's Stable The Ips
for the Mules that are imployed in the Road betwixt Stable-
this and Panama. The Governour's Houfe is clofe The Go-
by the great Fort, on the fame Rifing, at the Weft pour's
of the Town. Between the Parade in the Middle
of the Town, and the Governour's Houfe, is a
little Creek or Brook, with a Bridge over it •, and
at the Eaft-end, by the Stable, is a fmall Rivulet of Rivulet,
freffi Water. I have already faid that it is an un- Bad Air.
healthy Place. The Eaft-fide is low and fwampy •,
and the Sea at low Water leaves the Shore within
the Harbour bare, a great way from the Houfes •,
which having a black filthy Mud, it ftinks very
much, and breeds noifom Vapours, through the
Heat of the Climate. From the South and the
Eaft-fides the Country rifes gently in Hills, which
are partly Woodland and partly Savannah •, but
there is no great Store either of Fruit-trees or Plan-
tations near the Town. This Account I have had
from feveral Privateers juft as they return'd from
Portobel ; but I have not been there my felf _

The Country beyond this Weft-ward, to thej^eCoaft
Mouth of the River Cbagre, I have feen off at Sea : ^chagT
But not having been afhore there, I can give no o-
ther Account of it, but only that it is partly hilly,
and near the Sea very much fwampy ; and I have
heard by feveral that there is no Communication
between Portobel and the Mouth of that River.

I have been yet further Weftward on this Coaft,
before I went over the Ifthmus with Capt. Sharp y
ranging up and down and carreening at Bocca Toro Bocca Tor*
and Bocca Drago ; but this is without the Verge of *£f™?
thofe Bounds I have let my felf. rag0'

Having thus furvey'd the North-Coaft of the The s. Set

■bmuu I fhall take a light View of the South al-^™'

Ifibt

But I fhall the lefs need to be particular in it, mftK
X 2 becaufe'

308

PointGrf
rachina.

Cape St.
Lorenzjo,

R. Samfo

Gulph of
S. Michael

Gold R.

R. Santa

Maria. ■

Santa
Maria
Town.

The
Country

about,

Mr. WAFERS Defection

becaufe Mr. hamper hath in fome Meafure de-
icrib'd this pare of it in his Vapge round the World
1 o begin therefore from Point Garachina, which
makes the Weft-fide of the Mouth of the River
of Sambo, this Point is pretty high fail Land ; but
within towards the River, it is low, drowned Man-
grove and fo are all the Points of Land to Cape
oamt Lorenzo. r

, The River of Sambo I have not feen ; but it is
laid to be a pretty large River. Its Mouth opens to
die North; and from thence the Coaft bears
Nortn-Eaft to the Gulph of St. Michael This
yuJph is made by the Outlets of feveral Rivers,
the moft noted of which are the River of Santa
Mana, and the River of Congo; tho' there are o-
thers of a confiderable Bignefs. Of thefe Rivers,
? ™77S£Vthward °f Santa Maria, one is called
the Gold River, affording Gold Dull in great Plen-
ty; bor hither the Spaniards of Panama and Santa

r iTt? Tn bnnS UP their Slaves to gather up the
uold Dull. r

■ Tre ^f /? the Gdd River is that of Santa Ma-
ria, fo called from the Town of that Name feated
on the South-fide of it, at a good Diftance from
the Sea. It was along this River we came, when
we firft entred the South Seas withCapt. Sharp, ftand-

?gnY ^rfrT theBa^ ^ Golden Ifiand> wh^re we
landed. We then took the Town of Santa Maria

m T WaJ^ 1?hich was garrifon'd with about
200 bpamlb Soldiers, but was not very ftrona; ha:
ving no Walls 5 and the Fort it Mf was fecur'd
with Stockadoes only, or Pallifadoes. This is but
a new Town, being built by the Spaniards of Pan*,
ma, partly for a Garrifon and Magazine of Provifi-
on, and partly for Quarters of Refreshment, and a
retiring Place for their Workmen in the Gold Ri-
ver. The Country all about here is woody and
low, and very unhealthy ; the Rivers being fo oazy,

that

of the Ifthmus of America. 309

that the ftinking Mud infe&s the Air : But the little
Village of Scucbadero lies on the Right-fide of the*"^*-
River of Santa Maria, near the Mouth of it, isr0
feated on faff rifing Ground, open to the Gulph of
St. Michael, and admitting frefh Breezes from the
Sea •, fo that this is pretty healthy and ferves as a
place of Refreshment for the Mines ; and has a fine
Rivulet of very fweet Water •, whereas thofe Ri-
vers are brackifh for a confiderable way up the
Country.

Between Scucbadero and Cape St. Lorenzo, which R. Congo,
makes the North-fide of the Gulph of St. Michael,
the River of Congo falls into the Gulph •, which Ri-
ver is made up of many Rivulets, that fall from
the Neigbouring Hills, and join into one Stream.
The Mouth of it is muddy, and bare for a great
way at low Water, unlefs juft in the Depth of the
Channel; and it affords little Entertainment for
Shipping. But further in, the River is deep
enough ; fo that Ships coming in ?X high Water
might find it a very good Harbour, if they had any
Bufinefs here. The Gulph it felf hath feveral I- Gulph of
'Hands in it ; and up and down in and about them, s£ j*»-
there is in many Places very good Riding ; for*
the moil Part in oazy Ground. , The Wands alfo,
efpecially thofe towards the Mouth, make a good
Shelter ; and the Gulph hath room enough for a
Multitude of Ships. The Sides are every where
furrounded with Mangroves, growing in wet fwam-
py Land.

North of this Gulph is a fmall Creek, where we The Land
landed at our Return out of the Seas ; and the Land to the N.
between thefe is partly fuch Mangrove Land as the° J ' *
other, and partly Sandy-Bays. From thence the
Land runs further on North, but gently bending- to
the Weft : And this Coaft alfo is much fuch a mix-
of Mangrove Land and Sandy Bay quite to

ture

the River Cheapo

and in many Places there are
X 3 Sholes,

R. Cheapo

The Land
here.

Cheapo T

Savas>
2iahs0

Mr, WAFERS "Defcrlption
Sholes, for a Mile, or half a Mile off at Sea. Ir*
feveral parts of this Coaft, at about 5 or 6 Miles
diftance from the Shore there are fmall Hills ; and
the whole Country is covered with Woods. I
know but one River worth obferving between Congo
and Cheapo: Yet there are many Creeks and Out-
lets ; but no frefh Water, that I know of, in any
part of this Coaft, in the dry Seafon ; for the Stag-
nancies and Declivities of the Ground, and the
very Droppings of the Trees, in the wet Seafon,
afford Water enough.

Cheapo is a confiderable River, but has no good
entring into it for Sholes. Its Courfeis long, rifing
near the North-Sea, and pretty far from towards
the Eaft, About this River the Country fomething
changes its Face, being Savannah on the Weft- fide ;
though the Eaft-fide is Wood-land, as the other.
• Cheapo Town ftands on the Weft- fide, at fome dif-
tance from the Sea ; but is fmall, and of no great
Confequence. Its chief Support is from the Paftu-
rage of black Cattle in the Savannahs.

Thefe Savannahs are not level, but confift of
fmall Hills and Valleys, with fine Spots of Woods
intermix* d » and from fome of thefe Hills not far
from Cheapo* the River of Chagre, which runs into
the North-Sea, takes its rife. It runs Weft for a
while \ and on the South-fide of it, at no great di-
ftance from Panama, is Vent a de Cruzes, a fmall
Village "of Inns and Store-houfes ; whither Mer-
chandifes that are to be fent down the River Chagre
are^ carried from Panama by Mules, and there em-
barked in Canoa's or Pereagoe's \ but the Plate is
? carried all the way by Land on Mules, to Portobell
•The Country here alfo is Savannah and Woodland
mtermix'd -, with thick mart Hills, efpecially to-
wards Panama.

Between

of the Ifthmus 'of America. ?n

Between the River of Cheapo and Panama, fur-
ther Weft, are 3 Rivers, of no great Confequence, 3 Rivers,
lying open to the Sea, The Land between is low
E* Land, moft of it dry, and cover' d here and
there by the Sea, with ihort Bullies. Near the moft
Wefterly of thefe Old Panama was Seated, once a™?-.,
large City S but nothing now remains of it beiides
Rubbifli, and a few Houfes of poor People. The
Spaniards were weary of it, having no good Fort or
Landing-place ; and had a defign to have left it, be-
fore it was burnt by Sir Henry Morgan But then
they no longer deliberated about the Matter j but
inftead of rebuilding it, rais'd another Town to the
Weftward, which is the prefent City of Panama.
The River of Old Panama runs between them •, bu,R. of Pa-
nther nearer the new Town than the Old 1 and mto^a.
this River fmall Barks many enter.

The chief advantage which NeW ft**** hg a-New p.-
bovetheOld, is an excellent Road for fmall bhips,
as good as a Harbour, for which it is beholden to TheHar-
the Shelter of the neighbouring Ifles of ^enc^mtl'oiPi
which lie before it, 3 in Number, in a row parallel ^
to the Shore. There is very good anchoring be-
tween, at a good diftance from the Town % but be*
tween the Road and the Town is a Shole or Spit olshol*.
Land ; fo that Ships cannot come near the 1 own,
but lie neareft to Perica; but by this means the
Town has them lefs under command. / amm*
ftands on a level Ground, and is furrounded with
a high Wall, efpeciaily towards the Sea. It hath
no Fort befides the Town-Walls-, upon which the
Sea, which wafhes it every Tide, beats fo ftrongly,
fometimes, as to throw down a part of them. « Fine Pro
makes a very beautiful Profped off at Sea, the^i^
Churches and chief Houfes appearing above the
reft. The Building appears white 5 efpeciaily the
Walls, which are of Stone; and the Covering oi
|he Houfes red, for probably they are Fan-tile, which
5C 4

312 Mr. WAVERS "Defer if Hon

is much ufed by the Spaniards all over the Wefl-
Indies The Town is furrounded with Savannahs,
gentle fiat Hills, and Copfes of Wood, which add
much to the Beauty of the Profped ; and among
Bftmmns thefe are Mattered here and there fome Efiantions or
J^arm-houfes for the managing their Cattle, which

ItfT are BeoVCS^ H°rfes and Mules- This Town is the
?Zml gre« Rendezvous of this Part of the South-Sea
Coaft i being the Receptacle of the Treafures from
Lima, and other Sea-ports of Peru 5 trading alfo
towards Mexico, though very little beyond the
- GuJph of Nicaragua, The King of Spain hath a
Preudent here, who ads in Concert with his Conn-
s' r ■,._,• ne. Goyernour of JV/ofc/ is under him.
His Jurifdiftion comprehends JVa/a, Ravelia, Leon,
Kealeja, &c. till he meets with the Government of
Guatemala 5 and Eaftward he commands over as
much of the. //2iw^, on both Seas, as is under the
Spaniards. The place is very fickly, though it lies
m a Country good enough ; but poffibiy 'tis only
fa to thofe who come hither from the dry pure Air
of Lima and Truxillio, and other parts of Peru ;
who grow indifpos'd prefently, and are fore'd to
cut oft their Hair. Yet is it very healthy in com-
parifon of Portobel,

About a League to the Weft of Panama is ano-
ther River, which is pretty large, and is called by
moGrandaorm Rto Grande, h is ihole at the Entrance, and
runs very fwift •, and fo is not fit for Shipping.
On the Weft-banks of it are Efiantions and Plantati-
ons of Sugar-, but the Shore from hence begin-
ning to trend away to the Southward again, I mall
herefix my Weftern Boundary to the South-Sea
Coaft of the Iftbmus, and go no further in the De-
fcription of it.

The Shore between Point Garachina and this Ri-
ver, and fo on further to Punt a Mala, makes a ve-
ry regular, and more than fcmicircular Bay, called

Its Jurif-
didion.

Bad Air.

of the Ifthmus of America. 31?

the Name of the Bay of Panama. In this Bay of
feveral as fine IQands, as are any where to be p****>*-
md, the Kings or Pearl IJlands, Pacheque, Cbe-
k 'Perica, &c. with great Variety of good Ri-
ff for Ships : Of all which Mr. Damper hath gi-
1 a particular Account in the 7th Chapter of his
me round the World ; fo that I fhall forbear to fay
j thing more of them. 'Tis a very noble de-
htful Bay ; and as it affords good Anchoring and
elter, fo the Wands alfo yield Plenty of Wood,
ater, Fruits, Fowls, and Hogs, for the Ac-
mmodation of Shipping. ■

The Soil of the Inland part of the Country is The Soil,
nerally very good, for the moft part of a black
litful Mould. From the Gulph of St. Michael,
the Ridge of Hills lying off Caret Bay, it is a
lie Country, well water'd with "the Rivers that fall
to that Gulph: But near the Gulph 'tis very
arnpy and broken, fo as that it is fcarce poffible
travel along the Shore thereabouts. Weftward
' the River of Congo, the Country grows more
lly and dry, with pleafant and rich Vales inter-
ix'd, till you are paft the River Cheapo ; and thus
r the whole Country is all, as it were, one conti-
jed Wood. The Savannah Country commences
sire, dry and graffy ; with fmall Hills and Woods
termix'd : And the Hills are every where fertile
> the Top (though more fruitful nearer the Bot-
)m) and even the Tops of the main Ridge are
Dver'd with very flourifhing Trees. Yet the Hills
•om which the Gold Rivers fall, near Santa Maria,
re barren towards the Top, and bear fhort Shrubs
:atter'd here and there. The Soil feems capable
if any Productions proper to the Climate: I be-
ieve we have nothing that grows in Jamaica but
yhat would thrive here alfo, and grow very lux-
iriantly, confidering the exceeding Richnefs of the

i0iI- The

314

The
"Woods.

Mr. WAFERS Ttefcription

The Woods of this Country are not the fan

on the Tops or Sides of the Hills in the Inlan

Country, as they are near the Sea. For in the dri<

and more riling Inland Country, the Woods are i

rher a lar^e Foreft of Timber-trees, or a deliehtfi

Grove of Trees of feveral kinds, very lame an

tall, with little or no Under-wood : And the^Tret

are placed at Rich a Diftance from each other, 2

that a Horfe might gallop among them for a grea

way, and decline them with eafe. The Tops c

thefe Trees are generally very large and fpreading

and, I prefume, 'tis the Shade and Dropping 0

thefe which hinder any thing elfe from growjnS I

tne rich Ground among them : For in the open Sa

vannahs, or where the Ground is^Lear'd by Jnduf

try for Plantations, there grow fmaller Vegetable

tSSS ln §reauter o Abundance. But on the Sea-Coaft
imckcts. where the Soi] fs ofren fwampy drown,d Land ef

dally near the Mouths of Rivers, the Trees are noi
tall biufhrubby as Mangroves, Brambles, Bam-
boes, &e. not growing in the manner of Grove<
or Arbours, fcattering at convenient Distances
but in a continued Thicket, fo clofe fet, that 'tis a
very difficult Matter to work one's way through
thefe Moraffes. &

The Weather is much the fame here as in other
± laces of the Torrid Zone in this Latitude, but in-
tS RainJ !:llninS/3'ther f° ^ wet Extreme. The Seafon of
-■ - 'Rains begins m April Qr May ; and during the
Months of June, July and Auguft, the Rains
are very violent. It is very hot alfo about this
Time, where-ever the Sun breaks out of a Cloud >
hor the Air is then very fultry, becaufe then ufually
there are no Breezes to fan and cool it, but it is all
glowing hot. About September the Rains begin to
abate : But 'tis November or December, and, it may
be, part of January e're they are quite gone : So
that 'Cis a very wet Country, and has Rains for 2

Thirds.,

TheWca
ther.

of the Ifthmus of America: '3 IS

rds, if not 3 Quarters of a Year. Their firft
ing is after the Manner of our fudden April
wers, or hafty Thunder Showers, one in a Day
rft. After this, 2 or 3 in a Day i at length
hower almoft every Hour ; and frequently ac-
ipanied with violent Thunder, and Lightning : Thunder
•ino- which Time, the Air has often a faint ful- andLigl*
reous Smell, where pent up among the Woods. mn§-
tfter this variable Weather* for about 4 or 6
eks, there will be fettled continued Rains of fe-
ll Days and Nights, without Thunder and
htning, but exceeding vehement, confidenng
Length of them. Yet at certain Intervals be-
en thefe, even in the wetteft of the Seafon,
:e will be feveral fair Days intermix'd, with on-
Tornado's or Thunder-Showers; and that
letimes for a Week together. Thefe Thunder-
)wers caufe ufually a fenfible Wind, by the
>uds puffing the Atmofphere, which is very re-
thing, and moderates the Heat : But then this
ind making the Trees of this continued Foreft,
ir dropping is as troublefome as the Rain it leif.
hen the Shower is over, you (hall hear a great
y together the Croaking of Frogs and Toads
! humming of Moskito's or Gnats, and the hif-
g or fhriekings of Snakes and other Infe&s,
id and unpleafant; fome like the quacking of
lcks. The Moskitoes chiefly infeft the low Moskitw
ampy or Mangrove Lands, near the Rivers or
as ; But however, this Country is not fo pefter'd
th that uneafy Vermin, as many other of the.
irm Countries are. -When the Rains fall a-Land-
ong the Woods, they make a hollow or ratling woods-
und : But the Floods caus'd by them often bear
>wn the Trees 5 as I obferv'd in relating my Paf-
yQ over Land. Thefe will often barncado and
mi up the River, till 'tis clear'd by another Flood
at fhall fet the Trees all afloat again. Sometimes

alio.

Cotton
Trees.

IX* Mr. WAFERS Vefcription

aWo.the Floods run over a broad Plain ; and for I
I ime make it all like one great Lake. The cool
Time here is about our Chriftmas, when the f
Weather is coming on.

Of the Trees, Fruits, &c. in the Ifthmus
America.

Trees,^. A S this Country is very woody, fo it contai
| * great Variety of Trees, of feveral Kinds ui
known to us m Europe, as well Fruit-Trees as

■ . The Cotton-Tree is the larger! of any, and grov
in great Plenty m molt parts of the IJlhmus ; but
do not remember that I have feen it in the Samba,
toes or any other of the adjacent Iflands. It beai
a Cod about as big as a Nutmeg, full of fhor
Wool or Down, which when ripe burfls out of th

r t ' r J' ,°Wn about by the Wind> and is o
little ufe. The chief Advantage that is made o
theie I rees,_ is by forming them into Canoas or Pe
nago s; which iaft differ from the other as Lighter
and fmall Barges do from Wherries. The Fndian.
burn the Trees hollow ; but the Spaniards he* anc
chizzel them ; and the Wood is very foft and eafy
to work upon, being fofter than Willow.

The Cedars of this Country are valuable for their
heighth and krgenefs j there are very ftately ones
on the Continent, but I remember not any in the
liiands. 1 hey grow towards each of the Sea-Coafls.
but efpecially towards the North. The Wood is
very red, of a curious "fine Grain, and very fra-
grant. But thefe are put to no better ufe than the
LMon-lrees, ferving only to make Canoas and Pe-

riago's :

Cedar.

of the Iflhmus of America. 317,

;o's : And their Plenty you may judge of by
, that if the Indians want to cut one for a Ca-
, they will not trouble themfelves about any a
long off, tho' never fo fine ; having enough u-
ly to fell by the Side of the River into which
f intend to launch it.

Phere are on the Continent feveral Trees of the Maaaw-
w-kind, of which fort we may reckon the Mac- tree-
•-tree. It grows in great Plenty in fwampy or
ift Grounds \ and I remember not that I faw
tn any where but on the South-fide of the lfth-
I which is moftly of fuch a Soil. It is not very
, the Body rifing {freight up to about 10 Foot or
re, furrounded with protuberant Rings at cer~
1 Diftances, and thofe thick-fet with long Prickles,
e Middle of the Tree is a Pith like Elder, taking
above half the Diameter of the Body. The Bo-
is naked without Branches till towards the Top -,
: there it puts out Leaves or Branches 12 or 14
ot long, and a Foot and an half wide, lefTening
idually towards the Extremity. The Rib or
im of this Leaf is befet all along with Prickles,
the Out-fide ; and the Leaf it lelf is jagged a-
tit the Edges and as thick as one's Eland, at the
>ader End of it. At the Top of the Tree, and
idft the Roots of thefe Leaves grows the Fruit,
>ort of Berries fprouting up in Clufters, each a-
ut the Size of a fmall Pear, but many Score of
:m together. They incline to an Oval Figure,
d are of a yellow or reddifh Colour when ripe.
lere is a Stone in the Middle, and the Out-fide
ftringy, and (limy when ripe ; of a tart Tafte,
rfh in the Mouth, yet not unpleafant : And the
ty of eating the Fruit is to bite the flefliy Part
>m the Stone, and having chew'd it, to fpit out
e remaining ftringy Subftance. The Indians fre-
lently cut down the Tree only to get the Berries ;
it fuch of them as are moil low and {lender, you

may

•3i8 Mr. WAFER; "Defcription

may bend down to your hand. The Wood of
Tree is very hard, black, and ponderous, and is
great qfe,_ It fplits very eafijy ; and the Indi
make of it many Conveniences for their Buildi
and other Occafions, fplitting the Trees into M
Planks or Rafters which they ufe about th
Houfes. The Men make Arrow-heads of t
Wood -, the Women Needle-Shuttles to we*
their Cotton, &c.

Bihhy-trte Upon the Main alfo grows the Bibby Tree,
called from a Liquor which diftills from it, 'a
which our Englijh call Bibby. The Tree hath
ftreight (lender Body no thicker than one's Thig
but grows to a great Heigth, 60 or yo Foot. T
Body is naked of Leaves or Branches, but prick
The Branches put out at the Top, and arao
them grow the Berries abundantly, like a Garla
round about the Root of each of the Branch
The Tree hath all along the infide of it a nam
Pith ; the Wood is very hard, and black as In
The Indians do not cut but burn down the Tree
get at the Berries. Thefe are of a whitilh Coloi
and about the Size of a Nutmeg. They are ve
oily -, and the Indians beat them in hollow Morti
or Troughs, then boil and drain them ; and as t
Liquor cools they skim off a clear Oil from t
Top. This Oil is extraordinary bitter : The Im
dians ufe it for anointing therafelves, and to m
with the Colours wherewith they paint themfelv<

ThePi^.When the Tree is young they tap it, and put
Leaf into the Bore ; from whence the Bibby trickl
down in great Quantity. It is a wheyifh Liquor,
a pleafant tart Tafte ; and they drink it after
hath been kept a Day or two.

There are Coco-trees in the Iflands, but none 0
the Ifibmus that I remember 5 and Cacao-trees c
either.

Nut Oil.

Coeo

of the Ifthmus of America. 3 1 9

On the Main grows a Tree that bears a Fruit Anony-
:e a Cherry ; but full of Stones, and never fofr. mous-
On the Main alfo are Plantains in great Ah\\Xi-?lAntams'
mce, which have a Body confiding of feveral
eaves or Coats, that grow one from under ano-
er, fpiring upwards into an oblong Fruit at the
op; the Coats or Leaves, which are very long
id large, fpreading from the Body, and making a
[ume all round. None of them grow wild, unleis
lien fome are brought down the Rivers in the Sea-
>n of the Rains, and being left a ground, fow
lemfelves. The Indians fet them in Rows or
V'alks, without Under-wood ; and they make very
ilightful Groves. They cut them down to get at
ie Fruit ; and the Bodies being green and fappy,
tey are cut down with one Stroke of an Axe.

The Bonano's alfo grow on the Iftbmus very plen- Borland's.
fully. They are a fort of Plantains. The Fruit

ihort and thick, fweet and mealy. This eats
sft raw, and the Plantain boil'd.

On the IJlands there are a great many Mammee- Mammee.
ees, which grow with a clear, flreight Body, to 60
oot high, or upwards. The Fruit is very wholforne
id delicious ; fhap'd fomewhat like a Pound-pear,
ut much larger, with a fmall Stone or two in the
liddle.

The Mammee Sappota differs fomething from the Mammee
ther, and is a fmaller and firmer Fruit, of a finesW*"
eautiful Colour when ripe. It is very fcarce on the
Hands : and neither of thefe grow on the Conti-
nent.

So neither are Sapadilloes found growing on the Safadtlb'-
'(ibmus9 though there is great Plenty of them in
he IJlands. The Tree is not fo high as thofe laft j
i grows without Branches to the Top, where it
preads out in Limbs like an Oak. The Fruit is
rery pleafant to the Tafte. It is as fmall as a Berga-
nafco Pear, and is coated like a Rufiet-Pippin.

J20
Tine-

Prickle-
Fear.

Popes

Heads.

Suiar-

Canes.

Manchi-
neel.

Mr. WAFERS Ttefcription

On the Ifthmus grows that delicious Fruit which
we call the Pine- Apple, in Shape not much unlike
an Artichoke, and as big as a Man's Head. It
grows like a Crown on the Top of a Stalk about as
big as one's Arm, and a Foot and a half high.
The Fruit is ordinarily about 6 Pound Weight ;
and is inclos'd with fhort prickly Leaves like an
Artichoke. They do not ftrip but pare off thefe
Leaves to get at the Fruit ; which hath no Stone
or Kernel in it. 'Tis very juicy ; and fome fancy it
to refemble the Tafte of all the mod delicious
Fruits one can imagine mix'd together. It ripens
at all Times of the Year, and is rais'd from new
Plants. The Leaves of the Plant are broad, about
a Foot long, and grow from the Root.

On the Main alfo grows the Prickle-pear, which is
a thick-leav'd Plant about 4 Foot high, full of
Prickles all over. That which they call the Pear
grows at the Extremity of the Leaf. It's a good
Fruit, much eaten by the Indians and others.

There are Popes Heads, as we call them, on the
Main. They are a Plant or Shrub growing like a
Mole-hill, and full of Spurs a Span long, fharp,
thick and hard, with a black Point. They make
a very good Fence, galling the Feet and Legs of
any who come among them.

They have Sugar-Canes on the IJihmus ; but the
Indians make no other ufe of them, than to chew
them and fuck out the Juice.

There is on the IJlands, a Tree which is called
Manchineel, and its Fruit the Manchineel Apple.
'Tis in Smell and Colour like a lovely pleafant Ap-
ple, fmall and fragrant, but of a poifonous Na-
ture, for if any eat of any living Creature that has
happen'd to feed on that Fruit, they are poifon'd
thereby, tho' perhaps not mortally. The Trees
grow in green Spots ; they are low, with a large
Body, fpreading out and full of Leaves. I have

heard

of the Ifthmus of America, 321

ard that the Wood hath been us'd in fine carved

inlayed Works 5 for it is delicately gram'd.
it there is danger in cutting it, the very Sap being
poifonous, as to blifter the part which any of the
lips ftrike upon as they fly oft. A Frencb-mm
' our Company lying under one of thefe Trees,

one of the Samballoes, to refrefh- himfelf, the
un-water trickling down thence on his Head and
•eaft, blifter'd him all over, as if he had been be-
•ewed with Cantharides. His Life was faved with
uch Difficulty ; and even when cured, there re~
lined Scars, like thole after the Small-Pox.
The Mabo-Tree, which grows here, is about asM**f- ;
o- as an Am. Another Sort of Maho, which is lree-
ore common, is fmaller, and grows in the moift
■ampy Places, by the Sides of the Rivers, or near
e Sea. Its Bark is ragged like tatter'd Canvafs ;
you lay hold on a Piece of it, 'twill rip off. in
rings to the Top of the Tree 5 the Strings are of
great Length, (lender, and very ftrong. Ropes
e made of it for Cables, and Rigging for fmall
effels. The way the Indians order it is thus :
hey ftrip off the Bark in great Flakes : Out of
em they draw greater or leffer Strings as they
eafe. Thefe they beat and clean, and twill into
hreads and Cords, by rolling them between the
dm of the Hand, and the Knee or Thigh, as
jr Shoomakers twift their Ends, but much quick-
. Of thefe they make Nets for fifhing, but only
f great Fifh, as Tarpoms, or the like.
The Tree which bears the Calabajh is fhort and calab*(hz
lick •, the Calaba/b grows up and down among the Tree,
oughs, as our Apples do. It is of a globular Fi-
ure, the Out- fide of it is an hard Shell, holding
le Quantity of 2, 3,4, or 5. Quarts". Thefe
bells the Indians ufe as Veffcls for many Occanons. .
Iiere are 2 Sorts of thefe Trees, but the Diffe-
:nce is chiefly in the Fruit \ that of one being iweet,

Vol. III. Y trie

3 ?? Mr. WAFERS Ttefcripthn.

the other bitter. The Subftance of both is fpongy
and juicy. That of the fweeter doth yet incline to
a tart, founfli Taftc. The Indians, however, eat
•them frequently in a March, tho' they are not very
delightful. They only fuck out the Juice, and
[pit out the reft. The bitter Sort is not eatable,
but very medicinal. They are good in Tertian's;
and a Decofhon of them in a Clyfter is an admirable
bpecinck m the Tortions of the Guts or dry Gripes
The Calabqfh Shells are almofl as hard as thofe of
the Coco-nuts, but not half fo thick. The Bar ten
Calabajb is painted, and much efteem'd by the Spa-
niards.

Gourds, There are Gourds alfo which grow creeping alone
the Ground, or climbing up Trees in great Quanti-
ties, like Pompions or Vines. Of thefe alio there
are 2 Sorts, a fweet and a bitter * The Sweet eata-
ble, butnotdefireable; the Bitter medicinal in the
Paffto Iliaca, Tertian's, Coftivenefs, &c. taken in
a Clyfl-er. But the Indians value both Sorts chiefly
for their Shells ; and the larger Sort of thefe ferve
them by way of Pails and Buckets, as Calabalhes do
for Dimes, Cups and Drinking- Veflcls.

Bilk-Grafs. They have a Plant alfo which is of good ufe to
them, call'd by us Silk-Grafs ; tho' 'tis indeed a kind
of Flag. Tt grows in great Quantities in moift
Places on the Sides of Hills. The Roots are knob-
bed, and moot out into Leaves like a Sword Blade,
as thick as one's Hand in the Middle of the Leaf
towards the Root, thinner towards the Edges and
the Top ; where it ends in a fharp Point, altogether
like our Flags, fave that the Leaf is much broader,
and a Yard or two in Length, and jagged at the
Edges like a Saw or fome Reap-hooks. The Indi-
ans cut tkefe Leaves when of a convenient Growth,
and having dried them well in the Sun, they beat
them into Strings like fine Flax, extraordinary

, ftrong, beyond any of our Flax or Hemp : For the

Leaf

of the Ifthmus of America^ $25

Leaf it felf feems to be nothing but a Congeries of
Strings inclos'd with a Skin on each Side. They
twift thefe Strings as they do thofe of the Maho-
tree, and make of them Ropes for Hammocks,
Cordage of all Sorts, but efpecially a finer kind of
Nets for fmall Fifh. In Jamaica the Shoomakers
ufe this to few with, as being ftronger than any
other. The Spanifh Women make Stockings of it,
which are called Silk-graft Stockings, and are fold very-
dear. They make of it alfo a kind of yellowifh
Lace, which is much bought and worn by the Mo-
ftefta-Women in the Weft-Indian Plantations.

There grows here a Tree about the Bignefs of an Light-
Elm, the Wood of which is very light, and we Wood.
therefore call it Light-wood. The Tree is very
ftreight and well-bodied, and has a great Leaf like
a Wall-nut. A Man may carry a great Quantity ^ep
the Wood when cut down : Its Subftance reiembles
Cork, and is of a whitifh Colour ; but the Grain of
it is rougher than Fir, or coarfer yet, like that of
the Cotton-Tree. I know not whether it has that
fpongy Elafticity that Cork has ; yet I ihould think
it an excellent Wood for making Tomkins or Stop-
ples for Muzzles of great Guns. 'Tis fo very lighc
in Water that 3 or 4 Logs of it, about as thick as
one's Thigh and about 4 Foot long, (hall make a
Rafter on which 2 or 3 Men may go out to Sea.
The Indians make large Rafters of it upon Occafi-
after this Manner : They take Logs of this

Wood not very big, and bind them together colla-
terally with Maho Cords, making of them a kind
of Floor. Then they lay another Range of Logs
a-crofs thefe, at fome Diftance from each other,
and peg them down to the former with long Pins of
Maccaw-wood ; and the Wood of the Float is fo
foft, and tenacious withal, that it eafily gives Ad-
mittance to the Peg upon driving, and clofes fail
about it. The Floats, were they boarded, would
Y 2 ' referable

3-24

White-
wood.

Tama-
rinds.

Locuft-
Tree.

Baflard-
Cinnamon

"Samboes,

Hollow-
Eamboes.

Mr. WAFERV T)efcripion
refemble our Dyers-floats in the Thames at London 5
and the Indians ufe them chiefly for Paflage crofs a
great River where Canoas or other Trees are want-
ing •, or for Fifhing.

Another Tree they have which we call White-wood.
The Body of it grows in Heighth about 1 8 or 20
Foot, like a large Willow, and about as thick as
one's Thigh. The Leaf is like Sena, very fmall.
The Wood isvery hard, clofe and ponderous, and
exceeding white, beyond any European Wood that
ever I faw, and of a very fine Grain : So that I can-
not but think it would be very good for inlaying,
or other Cabinet-work. I never faw this Tree any
where but in this Ifthmus.

They have Tamarinds here of the brown Sort,
and good, but not well manur'd. The Tree is a
fair fpreading one, and very large of the kind.
The Tree grows ufually in a fandy Soil, near a
River.

The Tree alfo that bears the LocusJ-fruh, grows
here. The wild Sort is found in great Abundance,
'tis not much unlike the Tamarind.

They have a Baftard-Cinnamon alfo, bearing a
Cod fhorter than a Bean-cod, but thicker* it
grows only on the Main.

Bamboes grow here but too plentifully, like a
Briar, whole Copfes of them. The Branches or
Canes grow in Clutters 20 or 30 or more of them
from one Root, and guarded with Prickles. They
render the Places where they grow almoft impafla-
ble, which are generally fwampy Grounds, or the
Sides of the Rivers. They are found moftly on
the Main, the IJlands having only fome few of
them.

The Hollow Bamboes are on the Main only. They
grow 20 or 30 Foot in Heighth, and as thick as
one's Thigh. They have Knots all along at the
Diflance of about a Foot and a half. All the Space

from

of the Ifthmus of America. 3^5

from Knot to Knot is hollow, and of a Capacity
ufually of a Gallon or more, and thefe are fervicea-
ble on many Occafions. The Leaves of this Shrub
are like Eldem-leaves, in a Clufter at the Top of
each Cane, and thefe alfo grow thick together in

Copfes. , , „T , i •

Mangrove-Trees grow out of the Water both in Mangrove

Iflands and Main, rifing from feveral Roots like

Stilts entangled one among another. The Roots or

Stumps appear fome Feet above Water, rifing from

a pretty Depth alfo from under the Sunace of it,

and at length they unite altogether, Arbour-wife,

into the Body of a lufty tall Tree, of a Foot or

two Diameter. There is fcarce any paffing along

where thefe Trees grow, the Roots of them are io

blended together. The Bark of the Mangroves that

grows in Salt Water is of a red Colour, and is us'd

for tanning of Leather. I have fome Reafon to

think that the Tree from whence the Peruvian or

Jefmi's Bark is fetch is of the Mangrove kind ; for

when I was laft at Arica in Peru, I faw a Caravan

of about 20 Mules with this Bark juft come in,

and then unlading at a Store-houfe. One of our

Company, who fpakc %»/»#, ask'd z Spaniard who

guided the Drove, from whence he fetch'd that

Bark ; He anfwered from a great frefh Water Lake

behind a Mountain a. great way within Land ; at

the fame Time pointing at a very high Ridge ot

Hills we faw at a great Diftance from us and the

Sea. Being further examined as to the Tree it grew

on, he fo defcrib'd it, by thofe intangled Stilts,

and other Particulars, that our interpreter laid to

him, fure it muft be a Mangrove-Tret ! The Spaniard

anfwer'd, Yes, a frefh-water Mangrove : Yet he laid

it was a very fmall Tree, which the Mangrove is

not, unlefs this mould be a Dwarf-kind of it. VV e

brought away with us feveral Bundles of this Bark,

gndffbu&it to be the right Sort, by the .rrequent

Y % ulc

326

Mr. WAFERS

Pepper.

<Defcrlption

ufe I made of it in Virginia and elfewhere ; and I
have fome of it now by me.

They have two Sorts of Pepper, the one called
Bell-Pepper, the other Bird-Pepper, and great Quan-
ties of each, much ufed by the Indians. Each Sort
grows on a Weed, or Shrubby Bum about a Yard
high. The Bird-Pepper has the fmaller Leaf, and
is by the Indians better efteemed than the other, for
they eat a great deal of it.

Red-Wood. There is on the Main a Red Sort of Wood that
might be of good ufe for Dyers. It grows moftly
towards the North-Sea Coaft, upon a River that
runs towards the Samballoes, about 2 Miles from the
Sea-fhore. I faw there great Quantities of thefe
Trees : They are 30 or 40 Foot high, about as big
as one's Thigh, and the Out-fide is all along full of
Cavities or Notches in the Bark. When the Wood
is cut, it appears of a Yellowifh Red. With this,
and a kind of Earth which they have up the Coun-
try, the Indians dye Cottons for their Hammocks
and Gowns. I tried a little of it, which upon boil-
ing two Hours in fair Water, turn'd it red as Blood.
J dipt therein a Piece of Cotton, which it died of a
good Red ; and when I wafh'd it, it turn'd but a
little paler, which I imputed to the want only of
fomething to fix the Colour ; for no warning could
fetch out the Tincture. 'Twas a bright and gloffy
Red, very lively.

The Indians have feveral Roots which they plant ;
efpecially Potatoes, which they roaft and eat.

They do the fame alfo by Tarns -, of which they
have 2 Sorts, a White and a Purple.

Cafava. They have a Root call'd Cajfava, not much un-
like a Parfnip. There are 2 Sorts alfo of thefe, a
fweet, and a poifonous. The fweet Sort they roaft
and eat as they do Potatoes or Yams. Of the poi-
fonous they make Bread, having firft^refs'd out
the Juice, which is noxious. Part of the remaining

Subftance

Fotatoes.

Tarns,

7Xv T/idia/u i/i t/u-it- #st\-s in Crimed/ ',. *mdJrnmlin<r fyTacto Jf'kr-t/u-t'r ri'ay. 2)amp . J'ay ■ Tat. 3

J,Uvt/iuP-3'i-J.

326

Pepper.

Red-Wood.

ha
Bt

■t<
r

2
<

Fotatoes.
Tarn*.

Caffava.

of the Ifthmus of America."3 3*7

Subftance they grate to a Powder , amd havk>gj|
Baking-ftone, or Trivet fet over a Fire, they ftrew
the Ftower over the hot Stone gradually whwh
bakes it all to a Cake, the Bottom hard-bak d and
brown, the reft rough and wh.te, like our Oat-
cakes ■ they ufe to hang them on the Houfes or
Hedges, where they dry and grow crifp. In Jl-
hakl Tthey ufe them frequently inftead of Bread;
and fo in other of the Weft-Mian Iflands.

Thsfe Indians have Tobacco among them. ItTdaat.
grows as the Tobacco in Virginia, but is not io
Srong : Perhaps for want of tranfplanting and ma-
nuring which the Indians don't well underftand;
for they only raife it from the Seed in their Planta-
tions. When 'tis dried and cured they tap it from
the Stalks ; and laying 2 or 3 Leaves upon one a-
nother, they roll up all together Gdeways mo a
long Roll, yet leaving a httle Hollow Round
this they roll other Leaves one after pother in the
•fame Manner, but clofe and hard, till the Roll be
as big as one's Wrift, and 2 or 3 Feet » length.
Their way of fmoaking when they are m Company ,„*.,»
together/is thus : A Boy l.ghts one end of a RoM«yof
and burns it to a Coal, wetting the part next t to
keep it from wafting too faff The .end fo hgMed
he puts into his Mouth, and blows i the Smoak
through the whole Length of the Roll into the
Face of every one of the Company or Counei ,
though there be 2 or 300 of them rhen tue>,
fittinl in their ufual Pofture upon Forms, make,
with their Hands held hollow together, a kind of
Funnel round their Mouths and Nofes. Into tm,
they receive the Smoak as 'tis blown upon them,
fnuffing.it up greedily and ftrongly, as long as ever
they ate able to hold their Breath, and leeming to.
blefs themfelves, as it were, with the Rcfrefhment
it gives them.

¥ .4

Pecary.

Warm.

328 Mr. WAFERS T>efcriptwi

Of the Animals; and firft of Beafts and

Reptiles.

HT HE Variety of Beafts in this Country is not
A very great ; but the Land is fo fertile, that
upon clearing any confiderable Part of the Woods
it would doubtlefs afford excellent Pafture for the
maintaining black Cattle, Swine, or whatever other
flealts 'tis ufual to bring out of Europe into thefe
CJimates.

The Country has of its own a kind of Hop,
which is called Pecary, not much unlike a Virginia
Hog. 'Tis black, and has little ihort Legs, yet is
pretty nimble. It has one thing very ftrange, that
toe Navel is not upon the Belly, but the Back :
And wnat is more ftill, if upon killing a Pecary the-
Wave! be not cut away from the Carcafs within
| or 4 Hours after at fartheft, 'twill fo taint all the
Jr ■ lefh, as not only to render it unfit to be eaten, but
make it ftink infufferably. Elfe 'twill keep frefh
ieveral Days, and is very good wholefome Meat,
noun/lung and well tailed. The Indians barbecue it,
when they would keep any of it longer : The Man-
ner in which they do it I ihall defcribe elfewhere.
Ihefe Creatures ufually herd together, and range
about m Droves; and the Indians either hunt
them down with their Dogs, and fo ftrike them
with their Lances, or elfe moot them with their Ar-
rows, as they have Opportunity.

The Warm is another kind of Wild-Hog they
have, which is alfo very good Meat. It has little
Lars, but very great Tusks ; and the Hair or Bri-
itles 'tis covered with are Jong, ftrong and thickfet,
like a coarle Furr all over its Body. The Warree is

fierce,

of the Ifthmus of America. 329

rce, and fights with the Pecary, or any other
eature that comes in his way. The Indians hunt
sfe alfo as the other, and manage their Flefh the
ne way, except only as to what concerns the
ivel ; the Singularity of which is peculiar to the
'cary.

They have confiderable Store of Deer alfo, re- Deer*
nbling moll our Red Deer ; but thefe they never
int nor kill •■> nor will they ever eat of their Flefh,
ough 'tis very good \ but we were not fhy of it.
rhether it be out of Superilition, or for any other
=afon that they forbear them, 1 know not : But
lcn they faw fome of our Men killing and eating
' them, they not only refus'd to eat with them,
it feem'd difpleas'd with them for it. Yet they
■eferve the Horns of thefe Deer, fetting them up

their Houfes \ but they are fuch only as they
ed, for I never faw among them fo much as the
dn or Head of any of them that might fhew they
id been kill'd by the Indians? and they are too 9
mble for the JVarree, if not a Match for him.

The Dogs they have are fmall, not well fhap'd, Dogs.
jeir Hair rough and ftragling, like our Mungrels.
hey ferve only to bark and ftart the Game, or by
leir barking give Notice to the Hunters to fhoot
leir Arrows. They will run about in this Manner
om Morning to Night ; but are fuch meer whiff-
ig Curs, that of 2 or 300 Beails ftarted in a Day,
Ley mail feldom kill above 2 or 3 •, and thefe not
f running them down, but by getting them at a
ay and befetting them, till the Hunters can come
p with them. Large ftrong Dogs would make
stter Work here ; and it might be a very accepta-.
[e Thing to the Indians to tranfport hither a Breed
f fuch : But then they muft keep to their Houfes,
r they would be in Danger of running wild in this
Country.

Here

mmm

530
Rabbits*

Monkeys.

No Euro-
pean Cat-
tle.

Rats and
fviice.
Catsmuch
efteem'd.

Mr. WAFER'* *Defcr$pthn

flere are Rabbits, call'd by our Englifl, India
Comes. They are as large as our Hares ; But
know not that this Country has any Hares. The'
Rabbits have no Tails, and but little fhort Ears
and the Claws of their Feet are long. They lodg
in the Roots of Trees, making no Burrows ; an
the Indians hunt them, but there is no great Plent
of them. They are very good Meat, and eat n
ther moifter than ours.

There are great Droves of Monkeys, fome c
them white, but molt of them black ; fome hav
Beards, others are beardlefs. They are of a middl
Size, yet extraordinary fat at the dry Seafon, whe:
the Fruits are ripe •, and they are very good Meat
for we ate of them very plentifully. The Indiai
were % of eating them for a while ; but the
loon were perfwaded to it, by feeing us feed o
them fo heartily. In the rainy Seafon they hav
Worms in their Bowels. I have taken a Handfu
of them out of one Monkey we cut open ; ant
fome of them 7 or 8 Foot long. They are a ve
ry waggifh Kind of Monkey, and plaid a thou
fand an tick Tricks as we march'd at any Timi
through the Woods, skipping from Bough t<
Bough, with the young one's hanging at the olc
one's Back, making Faces at us, chattering, and, I
they had Opportunity, piffing down purpofely or
our Heads. To pafs from Top to Top of high
Trees, whofe Branches are a little to far afunder foi
their Leaping, they will fometimes hang down by
one another's Tails in a Chain ; and fwinging in thai
Manner, the lowermoft catches hold of a Boucrh
of the other Tree, and draws up the reft of them!
Here are no Bullocks, Horfes, AiTes, Sheep,
Goats, or other fuch Beafts as we have for Food or
Service. They are exceedingly pefter'd with Mice
and Rats, which are moftly grey ; and a Brood of
Cats therefore to deftroy thefe, might be as accep-
table

of the Ifthmus of America.' 33*

>le a Prefent to. them as better Dogs for their
ruing. When I left the Tjlhmus, two of the InM-
r who came aboard the fame Veffel at the Sambal-
% went a cruifing with us towards the Corn-
mds and Cartagena : And when they were difpos'd
return, and we were fludying to oblige 'em with
ne Prefent, one of them fpied a Cat we had a-
ard, and begg'd it : Which we had no fooner given
n, but he and his Confort, without flaying for.
y other Gift, went immediately into their Canoa,
d paddled off with Abundance of Joy. They
d learnt the Ufe of Cats while they were a-
•ard.

They have Snakes, but of what kind I don't well Infers
member ; nor did I fee or hear any Rattle Snakes. «£vcr-
»iders they have many, very large, but not poifo-
>us. They have Lice in their Heads •, which they
si out with their Fingers, and eat as they catch

em. . _..

There is a fort of Infect like a Snail in great Plen- svldier-ln-
among the Samballoe's, which is called the Soldier-k&,
fed; but I don't remember I faw any of them
)on the Main. The Reafon of the Name, is be-
ufe of the Colour ; for one third part of his Bo-
I about his Head, which is out of the Shell, is
Shape and Colour like a boil'd Shrimp, with little
laws, and two larger like thofe of a Crab. That
irt within the Shell, the Tail efpecially, is eata-
[e, and is good Food, very well tailed and delict-
us, like Marrow. We thruft a Skuer through Delicious
lis' part, and roaft a pretty many of them in aMeat°
)W. The Forepart is bony and ufelefs. They
:ed upon the Ground, eating what falls from
Vees : And they have under the Chin a little Bag,
ito which they put a Referve of Food. Befide
lis they have in them a little Sand-Bag, which muftsand-
lways be taken out when they are to be eaten, bag.
'his Bap- is commonly pretty full of Sand : And

Conch

332

Poifon-
ousiffed

with

Mancbi-
nesL

The Oil
an excel-
lent Salye

Zand-

Crabit

where.

Angutlla

Crzb-
]f!and.
Good

Meat.

Mr. WAFERS Vefcription

Conch and WeJks, and other Shell-fifli, have J
ally a Sand in a VefTel that runs the length of
Body in Manner of a Gut j which we are fore'd
take out, for elfe they would be gritty in or
Teeth. If thefe Soldiers eat of any of the Mane
^/-Apples which drop from the Trees, their Fl
becomes fo infefted with that virulent Juice, as
poifon in a Manner thofe who eat of it : And
have had fome of our Company very fick by eati
fuch as had fed on Manchineel ; but after a vt\
'twould wear off again, without further Damai
The Oil of thefe Infeds is a moft Sovereign Ren
dy for any Sprain or Contufion. I have found it 1
as many others have done frequently : The Indie
ufe it that way very fuccefsfully, and many of t
Privateers in the Weft-Indies : And our Men foue
them as much for the Oil, as for the fake of eatu
them. The Oil is of a yellow Colour, like Wa
but of the Confiftency of Palm-Oil.

On the Samballoes I think there are alfo Lan

Crabs, tho' but few: But in the Caribbee-lfan&s i

mong which I have been crufing, and efpecially (

Angmlla, they are very numerous, and fome vei

large, as big as the largeft Sea-Crabs that are fo.

at London. They have them alfo in other of tl

, Weft-India lilands ; but on Anguilla they fwarm

and a little Ifland near it has fuch Multitudes i

them, that 'tis call'd Crah-Ifland. They are exce

lent good Meat, and are the main Support of tl

Inhabitants, who range about a Crabbing, as they ca

it. After a Shower of Rain they will come abroad

and then is the bell Time to look out for then

They live in Holes or Burrows like Rabbits, whic

they dig for themfelves with their Claws. Whe

they are upon the March they never go about, nc

turn their Backs, but crawl over any thing that lie

?n their Way, guarding with their great CJaw

while they creep with the fmall ones j and whateve

the

of theWamvis of America. 33$

y lay hold of they pinch very feverely. The
abitants of fome of thefe Ifles, when they takefatten>4

of them, put them for 3 or 4 Days into a Piece with ?a-
Pfltata-ground to fatten them 5 for which they *«""''
faid to eat much the better.

litigators and Guam's, which are alfo very good Alligators
at, efpecially the Tail of the Alligator, I have
en in feveral' Parts of the Weft-Indies ; but I don't
lember my feeing either of them in the IJlhmus. *
Le Guano is all over very good Meat, preferr'd toGuanoes.
'ullet or Chicken, either for the Meat or Broth,
teir Eggs alfo are very good ; but thofe of the
ligator have too much of a musky Flavour, and
netimes fmell very ftrong of it. There are

and down the IJlhmus a great many Lizards, Lizards,
;en, and red-fpeckled ; but thofe in the fwampy
,nd and Thickets look more black or rufty.
ley are none of them large, generally lefs than
Span. I never faw the Indians eat of them,
ley are pretty innocent familiar Creatures, and
z Indians fuffer them to creep up and down their
oufes.

They have Frogs and Toads, and other fmal-
- Infects; but I took no particular Notice of
em.

www

334

Chkaly-
Chicaly .

%»*ms.

Anony-

IXlOUS.

Carrofoti,

Mn WAFERS Defctiptim

The Birds, and flying Insects.

HP HEY have feveral Sorts of Birds, fome
A Kinds unknown to us ; and remarkable bo
• for their Beauty, and the good Relifh of the
Flefh.

There is one ftately Kind of Land-bird, pret
common among the Woods on the Iftbmus, whi<
is called by the Indians Cbicaly-Chicaly. Its Noi
is fomewhat like a Cuckow's, but fharper ar
quicker. 'Tis a large and long Bird, and has
long Tail, which he carries upright like a Dungh
Cock. His Feathers are of great Variety of fii
lively Colours, red, blue, &c. The Indians mal
a Sort of Aprons, fometimes, of the Feathers whic
grow on his Back •, but thefe they feldom wea
This Bird keeps moflly on the Trees, flying froi
one to another, and but rarely to the Ground. I
feeds on Fruit. His Flefh is blackifh, and of
coarfe Grain, yet pretty good Meat.

The <$uam is alfo a long and large Land-bin
He feeds alfo upon Fruits, and flies up and dow
the Trees. His Wings are of a dun Colour, bi
his Tail is very dark, fhort, ftumpy, and uprigh
This Bird is much better Meat than the other.

There is alfo a Ruffet-colour'd Land-bird, map'
not unlike a Partridge ; but has a longer Neck an
Legs, yet a fhort Tail. He runs moll on rh
Ground, and feldom flies. His Flefh is very gooi
Meat. * B

The Corrofiu is a large, black Land-bird, hear
and big as a Turkey-hen ; but the Hen is not ri
black as the Cock. The Cock has on his Head
fine Crown or Comb of yellow Feathers, which I

move

335

of the Ifthmus of America;

>oves to and fro as he pleafes : He has Gills alfo,
ke a Turkey •, but the Hen has neither Plume nor
Jills. They live on the Trees, and feed on Fruits,
^hey fing and make a Noife big and grofs, yet ve-
f fweet and delightful ; efpecially to the Indians^
rh0 endeavour to imitate them : And the Indians
nd they will fometimes anfwer one another this
ray, and the Indians difcover their Haunts by it, ' .
^he old ones alfo call their young ones by this
ound. The Flefh is fomewhat tough, but other-
rife very good and well- tailed Meat. The Indians
ither throw the Bones of the Corrofou into the Ri-
er, or make a Hole and bury them, to keep them
rom their Dogs, being thought unwholfome for
be Dogs to eat i and the Indians fay they will make
he Dogs run mad : Neither do the Engli/h in the
Veft-Indies let the Dogs eat of them. The Indians
hoot down all thefe Birds with their Arrows.

They have Parrots good Store, fome blue, and Parrots.
ome green, for Shape and Size like the Generality
>f the Parrots we have from Jamaica. There is
iere great Variety of them, and they are very
jood Meat.

They have alfo many Parakites, moft of them Parakite*
;reen -, generally much the fame as in other Places,
rhey don't fort with the Parrots, but go in large
"lights by themfelves.

Macaw-birds are here alfo in great Plenty. sTis Macaw-
hap'd not much unlike a Parrot, but is as large a- birds-
rain as the biggeff. of them. It has a Bill like a
HIawks, and a bufhy Tail with 2 or 3 long drag-
ging Feathers, all red or blue :' The Feathers all
>ver the Body are of .feveral very bright and lovely
Colours, blue, green and red. The Pinions of the
Wings of fome of them are all red, of others all
)lue, and the Beaks yellow. They make a great
NToife in a Morning, very hoarfe and deep, like
Men who fpeak much in the Throat, The Indians

keep

?3<S

Wocd-
peckjsr.

Dunghill-
Fowl.

Mr. WAfERV Ttefcription

keep thefe Birds tame, as we do Parrots or Mag-
pies : But after they have kept them clofe fome
Time, and taught them to fpeak fome Words in
their Language, Jthey fuffer them to go abroad in
the Day-time into the Woods, among the wild
ones ; from whence they will on their own Accord
.return in the Evening to the Indian Houfes or Plan-
tations, and give Notice of their Arrival by their
fluttering and prating. They will exactly imitate
the Indians Voices, and their way of finging ; and
they will call the Cbicaly-Cbicaly in its own Note, as
exactly as the Indians themfelves, whom I have ob-
ferv'd to be very expert at it. 'Tis the moll beau-
tiful and pleafant Bird that ever I faw ; and the
Flefb is fweet- tailed enough, but black and tough.

There is alfo a Sort of Wood-pecker, with fuch a
long (lender Bill as that kind of Birds have. Thefe
have flrong Claws, wherewith they climb up and
down the Bodies of Trees, and flick very clofe to
them. They are pied like our Magpies, white and
black •, but more finely, being a fmaller Bird. The
Flelfi is of an earthy unpleafant Tafle-. I tafled of
them as I was travelling with my Companions, for
Hunger then made us glad of any thing of Food ;
but the Indians don't eat of them.

They have great Plenty of Poultry tame about
their FJoufes of two Sorts, a greater and a lefs.
The larger Sort are much like ours, of different
Colours and Breed, as Copple-crown'd, the com-
mon Dunghill Cock and Hen, and of the Game
kind ; though thefe Indians don't delight in Cock-
fighting as thofe of Java do. The fmaller Sort
are feather'd about the Legs like Carrier-pidgeons,
and have very bufhy Tails, which they carry up-
right j and the Tips of their Wings are generally
black. This fmall Sort keep apart from the other.
They all keep the fame Crowing Seafon, before
Day, as our Cocks do, They are conflantly about

the

of the Ifthmus of America. 3 37,

the Houfes, not ranging far into the Woods % and
both their Flefh and their Eggs are as well tailed as
any we have in England -, and they are generally
fatter ; for the Indians give them Maize good Store,
which is very fattening.

Thefe are all the Kinds of Land-birds I noted a--
mong them: Though there are many fmali ones Small
which I did not fo particularly obferve , and thefe Birds,
generally very pretty and mufical.

About the Samballoes and other the Iflands and
the Sea-Coaft, on the North-Tide- efpecially, there
are great Numbers' of Sea-fowl. The South-Sea- Sea-fowl-
Coaft, more to Windward, Has many of them too *
but whether it be that the Bay of Panama does not
afford fo many Fifli to invite them •, for 'tis not near
fo well flock' d with Fifh as the Coaft about the Sam-
balloes, there are but very few Sea-fowl on the
South-Sea-Coaft of the Ifthmus, to what there are on Pelican.
the North-Coafh and as to Pelicans particularly,
which are very frequent among the Samballoes, and all
along the Weft-India Coafts, I don't remember that
lever faw one of them any where in the South-Seas,

The Pelican is a large Bird, with a great Beak,
mort-legg'd like a Goofe ; and has a long Neck,
which it holds upright like a Swan. The Feathers
are of dark grey ; 'tis web-footed. Under the
Throat hangs a Bag or Pouch, which, when fill'd,
is as large as both one's Fifts. The Subftance of it
is a thin Membrane, of a fine > grey amy Colour.
The Seamen kill them for the fake of thefe Bags, tor
make Tobacco-pouches of them ; for, when dry,
they will hold a Pound of Tobacco •, and by a Bul-
let hung in them, they are foon brought into Shape.
The Pelican flies heavy and low ; we find nothing
but Fifh in his Maw, for that is his Food. ' His
Pouch, as well as Stomach, has Fifh found in it i
So that it feems likely that the Pouch is a Bag in-
tended to keep a Referve of Food. I have never

Vol. III. Z feen

338

Cormo-
rants.

Sea Gulls
and Sea-
Pies.

Bats.

Mr. WAFERS Ttefcription.

feen any of the old Pelicans eaten ; but the young
ones are faid to be Meat good enough, but I have
never eaten of any of them.

There are Cormorants alfo among the Samballoes,
which for Size and Shape are like Ducks, but ra-
ther lefs. They are black, but have a white Spot
on the Breaft. Tho' they are Web-footed, as other
Water-fowl are, yet they pitch on Trees and
Shrubs by the Water-fide. I have never heard
of any one's eating of thefe, for their Flefh is
thought to be too coarfe and rank.

There are a great many Sea-Gulls alfo and Sea-
Pies, on that Coaft ; both of them much like ours,
but rather fmaller. The Flefh of both thefe is eat-
en commonly enough, and 'tis tolerable good Meat,
but of a Fifty Tafte, as Sea-fowl ufually are. Yec
to correct this Tafte, when we kill'd any Sea-Gulls,
Sea- Pies, Boobies, or the like, on any Shore, wc
us'd to make a Hole in the hot Sand, and there bu-
ry them for 8 or 10 Hours, with their Feathers on,
and Guts in them : And upon drefling them after-
wards, we found the Flefh tender, and he Tafte
not fo rank nor fifty.

There are Bats, on the Ifthmus, the Bodies of
which are as large as Pidgeons, and their Wings
extended to a proportionable Length and Breadth ;
with Claws at the Joints of the Wings, by which
they cling to any Thing. They much haunt old
Houfes and deferted Plantations.

Of flying Infe&s, befide the Moskitoes or Gnats

Flying In-
fers. t before-mention'd, there are up and down the Iftb-
mus Wafps and Beetles, and Flies of feveral Kinds :
particularly the mining Fly, which ftines in the
Shining Night like a Glow-worm ; and where there are ma-
Fly- ny of them in a Thicket, they appear in the Night
like fo many Sparks of Fire,

They

of the Ifthmus of America. 3 59

They have Bees ajfo, and confequentl'y Honey Bees.
and Wax. The Bees are of two Sorts ; the one
fhort and thick, and its Colour inclining to red ;
the other blackifh, long and flender. They neft
on the Tops and in Holes of Trees ; which the In*
dians climb, and thruft their Arras into their Neft,
to get the Combs. Their Arms will be cover'd
with Bees, upon their drawing them back ; yet I ne-
ver perceiv'd they were ftung by them : And I have
had many of them at a Time upon my naked Body,
without being ftung ; fo that I have been inclin'd to
think they have no Stings : But that's a thing I ne-
ver examin'd. The Indians fometimes burn down
the Trees to get at the Combs, efpecially if they
be high and difficult to climb. The Honey they Honef.
mix with Water, and drink it : But they make no
ufe of the Wax, that ever I faw ; ufing for Candles wax.
a Sort of light Wood, which they keep in their
Houfes for that Purpofe.

They have Ants with Wings, large and long, as Ants.
well as thofe which are Reptiles only. They raife
Hillocks like ours : They fting, and are very trou-
blefome •, efpecially when they get into the Houfes,
as they frequently do. They fwarm up and down the
Samballoes and the other Neighbouring Ifles, as well
as on the Ifthmus it felf ; and there is no lying down
to Reft on any Piece of Ground where they are.
Neither do the Indians care to tye their Hammocks
to any Trees near the Ant-hills ; for the Ants would
climb up fuch Trees, and foon get into their Ham-
mocks.

340

Mr. WAFER'; Ttefcription

'mmmmmmmmMA^mfmmmf&^w&

Of the FISH.

Sea-Fi(h. HP H E North-Sea Coaft, as! intimated, abounds
A in Fifh, and has great Variety of them. Thofe
which I have had the Opportunity of feeing, are
chiefly thefe :

Tarpom. The Tar jam, which is a large and firm Fifh, eat-
ing in Flakes like Salmon or Cod. They are fome
of 50 or 60 Pound weight and upwards. One of
them afforded a good Dinner once to about 10 of
us, as we were cruifing towards the Coaft of Carta-
gene ; befide a good Quantity of Oil we got out of
the Fat.

shares. Sharks are alfo found in thefe Seas ; tho' not fo
commonly about the Sa?nballoesi as on other of the
Weft- India Coafts.

There is a Fifh there like the Shark, but much
fmaller and fweeter Meat. Its Mouth is alfo longer
and narrower than the Shark's ; neither has he more
than one Row of Teeth. Our Seamen us'd to

Dog- fi/h. call this the Dog-fijh.

Cavally, The' Cavally is found among the Samballoes. 'Tis
a fmall Fifh, clean, long and (lender, much about
the Size of a Mackarel ; a very fine lively Fifh,
with a bright large Eye ; and 'tis very good Meat,
moift and well-tailed.

old-wives Old-wives, which is a flat Kind of Fifh, and good
Meat, are there alfo.

laraccods. They have Paracoods alfo, which are a long and
round Fifh, about as large as a well-grown Pike,
but ufually much longer. They are generally very
good Meat •, and here efpecially : But there are
fome particular Banks off at Sea, where you can
take no Paracoods but what are poifonous. Whe-
ther

of the Ifthmus of America. 34*

ther it be from fome particular Feed they have there,
or from what other Caufe, I know not •, bat I have
known feveral Men poifon'd with them, to that De-
gree as to have their Hair and Nails come off; and
fome have died with eating them. The Antidote
for this is faid to be the Back-bone of the Fiih, dri-
ed and beaten to a Powder, and given in any Liquor.
I can't vouch for the Succefs of this my felf ; but
feveral have told me, that they have us'd it their. -
felves, when they have found themfelves fick with
eating any Paracood; but that upon taking the
Bone thus powder'd, they have found no other
ill Effect, but only a Nummednefs in their ' Limbr,
and a Weaknefs for fome Time after. Some will
pretend to diftinguifh a poifonous Paracood from a
wholefome one, by the Liver \ which as foon as
they have taken the Fiih, they, pull out and tafte.
If it tafte Tweet, they drefs and eat the Fiih without
any Fear \ but if the Liver be bitter, or bite the
Tongue like Pepper, they conclude the Fifh to be
naught, and throw it away.

There is another Sort of Fiih on the North-Sea Gar-fifh.
Coaft, which our Seamen call Gar-Rfh ; fome of
them are near 2 Foot long. They have a long
Bone on the Snout, of about a third Part the
Length of the Body ; and 'tis very fharp at the
End. They will glide along the Surface of the
Water as fwift as a Swallow, gliding thus on the
Surface, and leaping out of the Water alternately,
30 or 40 Times together. They move with fuch a
Force, that as I have been inform'd, they will run
their Snout through the Side of a Canoa ; and 'tis
dangerous for a Man who is Swimming to meet
with them, left they ftrike through him. The Back-
bone looks blueifh, of a Colour towards a Saphire.,
The Flefh is very good Meat.

z a. - There

342 Mr. WAFER'/ "Defcription

Sculpins. There areSculpins alfo, a Fifh about a Foot long,

with Prickles all about him : They ftrip them of

their prickly Skin, and then drefs them. They

are very good Meat.
Stmg r*Vi There are m tne North-Sea many other Fifh befide
w/, thefe' as5/f«g-^^, Parrot-fifh, Snooks, Conger-Eels,
Conger- &c. and many others probably, that I have neither
Etls, &c. feen nor heard of; for 'tis a Sea very well ftor'd

with Fifh.

Shell-fifa. Of Shell-fifh, there are Conchs all along the Sam-

c™chs- balloes in Abundance. Their Shells are very large,

winding within like a Snail-fhell ; the Mouth of the

Shell is flat, and very wide, proportionably to the

Bignefs of the Shell. The Colour of it within is

like Mother of Pearl ; but without 'tis coarfe and

rugged. The Fifh is (limy, the Out-parts of it,

especially, and rhuft therefore be fcour'd with Sand

before 'tis drefs'd for Eating. But within, the Sub-

fiance is hard and tough ; for which Reafon they

beat them after they have fcour'd the Out-fide : But

when they have been thus managed, they are a very

fweet and good Fi(h.

Periwmc- There are Periwinckles good Store among the

kles. Rocks •, which are alfo good Meat. We pick them

out of the Shells with Pins.
limits. The Limpits alfo flick to the Rocks hereabouts ;
and are rather better Meat than the other.

There are no Oyfters nor Lobfters on the Coaft

sea-Crabs.^ the Ifthmus ; but a few Crabs, and a Sort of

Cr*w-j?/Z>.Craw-fifh among the Rocks of the Samballoes, as

large as fmall Lobfters, but wanting the two great

Claws. Thefe laft are very delicious Meat ; but

the Sea-Crabs are not very good.

Frefh- There are Fifh in the Rivers alfo of the Ifthmus ;

waterFifli-but I am not acquainted with many of the Kinds of

them,

There

of the Ifthmus of America. 343

There is one Sort like our Roach, blackilh andAnony.
very bony, in length about a Foot, very fweet,
firm, and well tafted.

There is another Fifh in Shape like the Paracood,
but much fmaller, and a very good Fifh.

There is a Fifh like our Pike or Jack for Shape ;
but not above 8 or 10 Inches long. His Mouth is
fomewhat like a Rabbit's, his Teeth a little way
within : His Lips are cartilaginous. 'Tis a very
good Fifh.

What other Fifh their Rivers yield, I know not,
for I took no particular Notice even of thefe.

But I was more obferving of the Indians manner Manner
of Fifhing, at which they are very expert, and ma-g » |,"h"
nage it differently, according to the Place where ,
they fifh. In the Rivers Mouths and upon the Sea-
Coafts, in fandy Bays where there are no Rocks,
they ufe Nets, like our Drag-nets, made of Mabo-
bark, or Silk-grafs •, which they carry out in their
Canoas. But in the Hill Country, where the
Streams are clear, and the Banks in many Places
Rocky, they go along the Banks up the River,
looking narrowly into the Water to view the Fifh.
When they fpy any to their Mind, they leap into
the Water, and wade or fwim up and down after
them \ and if the Fifh through Fright betake them-
felves into the Holes in the Banks for Shelter, as
they frequently do, the Indians feel them out with
their Hands and take them thence, as we do Chubs
or Craw-fi(h in our Rivers. By Night they bring
with them Torches of Light-wood, and with thefe
they fpy out the Fifh, and fo jump in, and purfue
them into their Holes.

For dreffing their Fifh; they firft gut them, andprrfSnp
then either boil them in an Earthen Pot, or elfetneu ru*'
barbecue or broil them.

Z.4

344

Salt, how
snade.

For

Mr. WAFER'/ T>efcription

Salt, they have it out of the Sea- water ;

which they boil up and evaporate; in Earthen Pots,
till the Salt is left in a Cake at the Bottom, which
they take out and break in Pieces for ufe : But as
this is a tedious way, fo they have but little, and
are very choice and fparing of it. They don't, fait
their Fifli for keeping •, but when they eat it, they
boil Abundance of Pepper with ir, as they do with
every thing elfe. But their Cookery I fhall fpeak
of elfewhere.

ZSG&V$eis®teS£!k&

Indian In-
habitants.

Of the Indian INHABITANTS', their
Manners, Cuftomsy &c.

H E Indian Inhabitants of the Ifthmus are not
very numerous, but they live thickeft on the
North-fide, especially- along the Sides of Rivers.
The wild Indians of the South-fide live moil to-
wards Peru: But there are Indians' fcaxxzx'di up and
down all Parts of the Iftbmus. ■
Their Sta- The Size of the Men is ufually about 5 or 6 Foot,
ture. They are ftreight and clean-limb'd, big-bon'd, .full-
Shape, breafted and handfomly ihap'd. j I never faw a-
mong them a crooked or deformed Perfon. They
are "very nimble, and aclive, running very well.
-But the Women are Ihort and thick, and not fo
lively as the Men. The young Women are very
.plump and fat, , -.welMhap'd, and have a brisk Eye.
Features. The elder Women are very ordinary. ; their Bellies
and Breads being penfile and wrinkled. Both Men
and Women are of a round Vifage, withfhort bot-
tle Nofes j their Eyes large, generally grey, yet
lively and fparkling when young. They have a
high Forehead^ white even Teeth, thin Lips, and

Mouth

of the Ifthmus of America: 345

uth moderately large. Their Cheeks and Chin
well proportion'd •, and in general they are
dfomly featur'd,

and
but the Men more than the

>men.

loth Sexes have ftreight, long, black Hair, lank, Ha;r.

rfe and ftrong, which they wear ufually down to

Middle of the Back, or lower, hanging loofe
:s full length ; only the Women tie it together with
:ring juft behind the Head, below which it flows
fe as the Mens. Both Men and Women pride
mfelves much in the Length of the Hair of the
ad ; and they frequently part it with their Fin-
's, to keep it difen tangled ; or comb it out with
ort of Combs they make of Mz^jw-wood. This combsof
mb is made of feveral fmall Sticks, of about .5 Macaw

6 Inches long, and tapering to a Point at each ftick«-
d like our Glovers Sticks. Thefe being tied 10

12 of them together about the Middle where
y are thick, the Extremities of them both ways
m from each other, and ferve at either End for
x>mb : which does well enough to part the Hair '•,
:;they are fore'd to ufe their Fingers to fetch the
;e out of their Heads. They take great Delight
combing their Hair, and will do it for an Hour
rether. All other Hair, except that of their
'e-brows and Eye-lids, they eradicate : For tho'
\ Men have Beards if they would let them grow,
: they always have them rooted out : And the
omen are the Operators for all this Work •, ufing
0 little Sticks for that Purpose, between which
If pinch the Hair, and pluck it up. ; But the
sn upon fome Occafions cut off the Hair even of
sir Heads 5 it being a Cuftom they have to do fo

way of Triumph, and as a diftinguifhing Mark

Honour to him who has kill'd a. Spaniard, or o-
sr Enemy. He alfo then paints himfelf black
rhich is not ufual upon any other occafionj conti-
nuing

34<*

Complex
ion.

Anointing
them-
felves. ;

White In-
dians.

Milk-
vhite
Skins.

Down.

Mr. WAFERV "Defcription
nuing painted of this Colour till the firft New-m
(as I remember; after the Fad is done.

Their Natural Complexion is a Copper- Cole
or Orange-tawney ; and their Eye-brows are na
rally black as Jet. They ufe no Arc to deepen
Colour either of their Eye-brows, or the Hail
their Head ; but they daub it with Oil to maki
fhine ; for, like other Indians, they anoint th(
felves all over, whether for Beauty to make the S
fmooth and (leek, or to fupple it and keep it fr
parching, or to hinder too much Perfpiration in
hot Country, I know not.

There is one Complexion fo lingular amon
Sort of People of this Country, that I never I
nor heard of any like them in any Part of
World. The Account will feem ftrange •, but i
Privateers who have gone over the Ifthmus m
have feen them, and can atteft the main of wh<
am going to relate, though few have had the C
portunity of fo particular an Information ab<
thefe People as I have had.

They are white, and there are of them of b<
Sexes ; yet there are but few of them in Comparii
of the Copper-colour'd, poffibly but i to 2 or 3 <
They differ from the other Indians chiefly in I
fpeel: of Colour, though not in that only. Th
Skins are not of fuch a White as thofe of fair Peo]
among Europeans, with fome Tincture of a Bli
or Sanguine Complexion ; neither yet is their Co
plexion like that of our paler People, but 'tis :
ther a Milk-white, lighter than the Colour of a
Europeans, and much like that of a white Horfe.
For there is this further remarkable in them, tr.
their Bodies are befet all over, more or lefs, with
fine fhort Milk-white Down, which adds to t
Whitenefs of their Skins : for they are not fo thic
fet with this Down, efpecially on the Cheeks ai
Forehead^ but that the Skin appears diftind from

of the Ifthmus of America: 347

Men would probably have white Briftles for
•ds, did not they prevent them by their Cuftom
>lucking the young Beard up by the Roots con-
allv : but for the Down all over their Bodies,
r rrever try to get rid of it. Their Eye-brows
Milk-white alfo, and fo is the Hair of their and Hair,
ids, and very fine withal, about the Length of 6
\ Inches, and inclining to a Curl,
'hey are not fo big as the other Indians ; and Smaller
I is yet moreftrange, their Eye-lids bend and Janthe_
nin an oblong Figure, pointing downward at dians\
Corners, and forming an Arch or Figure of a
fcent with the Points downwards. From hence, N
[ from their feeing fo clear as they do in a Moon- Mow
ly Night, we us'dto call them Moon-efd. ForeyU
y fee not very well in the Sun, poring in the
ireft Day •, their Eyes being but weak, and run-
g with Water if the Sun mine towards them ; fo
t in the Day-time they care not to go abroad, un-
$ it be a cloudy dark Day. Befides, they are but
reak People in Comparifon of the other, and not
for Hunting or other laborious Exercife, nor do
7 delight in any fuch. But notwithstanding
ir being thus fluggim, and dull, and reftive in
» Day-time, yet when Moon-fhiny Night's come, Aflivcby
;y are all Life and Aftivity, running abroad,^
d into the Woods, skipping about like Wild-
icks •, and running as faft by Moon-light, even in
e Gloom and Shade of the Woods, as the other
dlans by Day, being as nimble as they, tho' not
ftrong and lufty.

The Copper-colour'd Indians feem not to refpeft
efe fo much as thofe of their own Complexion,
okino; on them as fomewhat monftroua. They
e not a diftind Race by themfelves, but now and
.en one is bred of a Copper-colour'd Father and g 'Cg
fother; and I havefeen a Child of lefs than a pgfou^d
Id of this Sort, Some would be apt to fufpect parentSg

they

348

and Pa-
rents of
inch.

Painting
their Bo
dies and
Faces.

Women
Painters.

Mr. WAFERV Ttefcription

they might be the Off-fpring of fome European
then But befides that the Europeans come 1
here, and have little Commerce with the Indian-\
men when they do come, thefe white People ar
different from the Europeans in fome Refpefts,
from the Copper-colour' d Indians in others. J
befides, where an European lies with an Indian-}
man, the Child is always a Moftefe, or Tawney.
is well known to all who have been in the Weji
dies ; where there are Moftefa's, Mulatto's, of
veral Gradations between the White, and the Bl
or Copper-colour'd according as the Parents a
even to Decompounds, as a Mullatto-Fina,
Child of a Mullatto-Man, and a Moftefa y
man, &c. J

But neither is the Child of a Man and Womar
thefe white Indians, white like the Parents, 1
Copper-colour'd as their Parents were. For fo ]
centa told me, and gave me this as his Conjecture h
thefe came to be white, that 'twas through
Force of the Mother's Imagination, looking
the Moon at the Time of the Conception ; but t
I leave others to judge of. He told me with
that they were but fhort-liv'd.

Both thefe and the Copper- coloured Indians \
painting their Bodies, even of the fucking Childi
fometimes. They make Figures of Birds, Beal
Men, Trees, or the like, up and down in eve
Part of the Body, more efpecially the Face: E
the Figures are not extraordinary like what they 1
prefent, and are of differing Dimenfions, as th
Fancies lead them.

The Women are the Painters, and take a gre
Delight in it. The Colours they like and ufe m(
are red, yellow and blue, very bright and lovel
I hey temper them with fome kind of Oil aj
keep them in Calabafhes for ufe ; and ordinari
Jay them on the Surface of the Skin with Pencils'

Woo<

of the Ifthmus of America. 349

od, gnaw'd at the End to the Softnefs of a
(h. So lay'd on they will laft fome Weeks, and
renew'd continually. This way they painted

lut finer. Figures, efpecially by their greater Ar-
, are imprinted deeper, after this Manner.
W firft with the Brufti and Colour make a rough
ft of the Figure they defign ; then they prick
over with a Iharp Thorn till the Blood gufhes Pricking
; then they rub the Place with their Hands, firftlheSkm-
p'd in their Colour they defign •, and the Picture
nade is indelible : But fcarce one in forty of them
>ainted this way.

3ne of my Companions defired me once to get
. of his Cheek one of thefe imprinted Pictures,
ich was made by the Negroes^ his Name was Bull-
n ; which yet I could not effectually do, after
ch fcarifying and fetching off a great Part of the
in. The Men when they go to War, paint the
cesall over with red ; and the Shoulders, Breafts,
i the reft of the Bodies, here with black, and
:re with yellow, or any other Colour at Pleafure,
large Spots ; all which they walh off at Night
the River before they go to fleep.

They * wear no Cloaths ordinarily ; but only the Womens
omen have a Clout or Piece of Cloth about their Gr-
iddle, tied behind with a Thread, and hanging
wn to their Knees or Ancles, if they can get one
•ge enough. They make thefe of Cotton ; but
metimes they meet with fome old Cloaths got by
jcking with their Neighbouring Indians fubject to
e Spaniards ; and thefe they are very proud of.
[r. Damper relates how we prevail'd with a morofe
idian, by prefenting his Wife with a Sky-col our 'd
stticoat : And nothing will oblige the Women
ore than to give them Cloaths, efpecially of gau-
y Colours.

The

350

Mr. WAFERS Defer iption

Men

naked.

Conick
Veffel.

The Men go ordinarily quite naked, without

much as a Clout about them, which few other

dians are without. But thefe have only a fmall I

ft\ of Gold or Silver, if they are able, or at leal

Piece of Plantain-leaf, of a Conick Figure, like

Extinguifher of a Candle. They forceably b

back the Penis within its own Tegument, clofe

the Pukes -, and they keep it there with this Fun

tied hard upon it with a String coming from it, i

going about their Waifts, They leave the Scrot

expos'd, having no Senfe of Shame with Referei

to that, as they have with RefpecT: to the Pe.

Modefty which they never (hew uncover' d : But the Men \

of both turn away their Faces even from one another, if

Sexes. any Accident it be uncovered; and when tl

would make Water, they turn their Backs to th

Companions, and fquatting down (lip off the Funi

with one Hand, and having done, put it on ag

very nimbly. When they would go to Stool, 3

choofe always to go into the River, both Men

Women ; having a great Senfe of Shame as to tl

particular : And in general, they are both a mod

and a cleanly People.

TheMen's Yet the Men alfo have a Value for Cloatbs, anc

Robes, on any of them had an old Shirt given him by any

Ocafions"3' he WOuld be fure t0 wear k' and ftrut about
no ordinary Rate. Befides this they have a Sort

long Cotton Garments of their own, fome whi

others of a rufty black, fhap'd like our Carte

Frocks, hanging down to their Heels, with

Fringe of the fame of Cotton about a Span Ion

and fhort, wide, open Sleeves, reaching but to t

Middle of their Arms. Thefe Garments they p

on over their Heads ; but they are worn only <

fome great Cccafions, as attending the Kmg

Chief, either at a Feaft, a Wedding efpecially ;

fitting in Council, or the like. They don't mar<

in them : But the Women carry thefe and their i

3$t

of the Ifthmus of America.

:r Ornaments in Baskets after them ; which they
t on when they come to the Place of Affembly,
d there make themfelves as fine as they can.
hen they are thus affembled, they will fometimes
Ik about the Place or Plantation where they are,
ch thefe their Robes on : And I once faw Lacenta.
is walking about with 2 or 300 of thefe attending
n, as if he was muttering them : And I took
)tice that thofe in the black Gowns walk'd before
n, and the white after him, each having their Lan-
j of the fame Colour with their Robes.
For an j)rnament to the Face, befide their gene- pjate$

painting and daubing their Cheeks with red hanging
len they go to War, the Men wear at all Times a?Jert!jc
;ce of Plate hanging over their Mouths, general- out "
of Silver, but the principal Men have it of Gold.
'is of an oval Figure, covering the Mouth from
>rner to Corner ; and this is the length of it. Ic
iches fo low as to lye upon the Under-lip with its
weft Side, and there is a piece cut out of the Up-
:r-fide, near the Extremity of it ; which Edge
ing cut afunder, the whole Plate is like the Figure

a Half-mj0on, only inclining more to an Oval ;
d gently pinching the Bridle of the Nofe with its
>ints, it hangs dangling from thence. It is in the
iddle of about the Thicknefs of a Guinea *, but
ows thinner gradually towards the Edge. The
ates of this Size are fuch as they ufe when they
> to a Feaft or Council : But that which they
;ar abroad upon a long March, Hunting, or at
dinary Times, is of the fame Shape, but much
mller, and does not cover their Lips. Such an
le I wore among them of Gold.

Inftead of this Plate, the Women wear a Ring The Wo-
mging down in the fame Manner *, and the Metal menjNofc
id Size alfo differing according to their Rank, and Rl
ie Occafion. The larger Sort is of the Thicknefs
i a Goofe-quill ; and not Oval as the Men's Plate,
n but

352 Mr. WAFERS "Defcription

but circular. It" goes through the Bridle of th
Nofe ; which many Times, by its Weight and Ion
Ufe, efpecially in Elder Women, it brings dow
to the Mouth.

Both Men and Women, at folemn Meals c

Feafts, when they wear their larger Plates or Ring!

take them out and lay them afide till they ha\

done Eating ; when rubbing them very clean an

bright, they put them in again. At other Time

when they eat or drink, they content themfelves wit

lifting up with the left Hand, if need be, the fma

Plates or Rings they then wear, fand th# Womer

Rings are feldom fo fmall but they lie upon th

Lipsj while they ufe their Right in taking up th

Cup or feeding themfelves. And by the way, the

always make the chief ufe of their right Hands

None of And I never perceiv'd a Left-handed Perfon amonj

them them. Neither the Plates nor Rings hinder muc

deV an their Speaking, tho' they lie bobbing upon thei

Lips.

Ear pen- The King or Chief, and fome few of the grea

dants. Ones, at extraordinary Times, wear in each Ear

faftned to a Ring there, two large gold Plates, on

hanging before to the Breaft, and the other behin

on the Shoulder. They are about a Span long, c

an Heart-fafhion fas that is commonly painted) wit

the Point downward \ having on the upper Part

narrow Plate or Label, about 3 or 4 Inches long

by a Hole which it hangs to the Ring in the Ear

It wears great Holes in the Ears by frequent Ufe

Diadems I once faw hacenta^ in a great Council, wear

of Gold, Diadem of Gold-plate, like a Band about his Head

8 or 9 Inches broad, jagged at the Top like th

Teeth of a Saw, and lined on the Infide with a Net

work of fmall Canes. And all the armed Men

who then attended him in Council, wore on thei

Heads fuch a Band, but like a Basket of Canes

and fo jagged, wrought fiae, and painted ver}

hand-

of the Ifthmus of America.

tandfomely, for the moft part red ; but not cover'd

ver with a Gold-plate as Lacenta9 s was. The Topandof )

f thefe was fet round with long feathers, of feve-anadnpea_

al of the moft beautiful Birds ftuck upright in athers.

ting or Crown: But Lacenta had no Feathers on

is Diadem.

Befide thefe particular Ornaments there are yet o-chainsof
ler general ones, which they all wear, Men, Wo- Beads,
len and Children of 7 or 8 Years old, in Proporti-^*
n to their Age. Thefe are feveral Strings or
:hains of Teeth, Shells, Beads, or the like, hang-
lg from the Neck down upon the Breaft, and to
le Pit of the Stomach. The Teeth-chains are cu- their
ioufly made with Teeth jagged like a Saw in feve- greatMcni
il Rows, fo contrived as that the Prominences of
le one Row may lie in the Notches of the other,
nd look like one folid Mafs of Bone. This was
rorn only by Lacenta, and fome few of the princi-
al Men, on particular Occafions ; and they put them
n over the reft of their Beads. We us'd to cali
tiefe Tygers-teeth, though I know not for wliatTygers-
Leafon, for 1 never faw any fuch Creature there : teer '
ret I have been informed there, are Tygers on theTygers
:ontinent. Some of our Men who crofs'd the IJlh- ]V^
ius, told me, they killed one there ; and at ano-
ber Time, when we went over with Capt. Sharp,
)me of the Men faid they faw a Tyger, who flood
t a fmall Diftance, and ftar'd upon them. I have
eard alfo that there is a fmall Sort, but very fierce,
1 the Bay of Campeacby.

But for the reft of them, both Men and Women, The
bey wear not any Teeth, but only a few fcattering^lns
ametimes here and there in the Chains among the ma(jc.
eft of the Baubles. Each of them has, it may be,
bout the Neck 3 or 400 Strings of Beads, Shells,
>r the like, but thefe divided into 7 or 8 Ranks •,
nd the Strings of each, by being turn'd a little a-
►out one another, make, as it were, fo many

Vol, IJI v A a Ropes

354

Their

great

Weight;

when
wora.

Womens
Bracelets
of the
fame.

Their
Houfes ;

andhow
feated.

Mr. WAFER'j "Defer iption.

Ropes of them. Thefe hang ufually one below a-
nother, yec in no great Order ; and the Women
generally have theirs hanging all on a Heap or
Clufter. Whatever Bugles or other fuch Toys they
get, they find a Place for them among their Chains ;
which the heavier they be, the more ornamental.
She is a poor Woman who has not 15 or 20 Pound
Weight upon her \ fome have 30 or. more ; and
the Men have commonly near twice as much in
Weight as the Women, according as their Strength
is, and their Ability to compafs them.

When they are in the Houfe, or on Hunting, or
going to War, they wear none of thefe Chains ;
but only when they would appear in State, upon
OccafiOn of a Feaft, Wedding, Council, or the
like. As they go to the Place of Rendezvous, the
Women carry them for them, as they do their other
Trinkets, in Baskets •, one at each End of a Pole
laid a-crofs the Shoulder. When they come to the
Place, they put them on, and walk about ; and
fometimes will dance in them •, till with the Motion
and Weight they fweat extremely. When they
fit down to eat, they take them off till they have
done.

The Children have only a few fmall Chains ; and
a String or two of Beads or Bugles they will put
upon their very Infants. And the Women, befides
thefe Chains, have fometimes Bracelets about their
Arms, of a fmall Quantity of the fame Material*
twifted feveral Times about. Both Men and Wo-
men, when painted, and fet-out ^ith all thefe Fine-
ries, make no ordinary Figure.

Their Houfes lie moftly thin and fcattering, ef-
pecially in new Plantations, and always by a Rivei
fide. But in fome Places there are a pretty many
together, fo as to make a Town or Village •, yet
not (landing clofe or orderly in Rows or Streets, but
difpers'd here and there, like our Villages or Com-
mons,

of the Ifthmus of America. 355

mons, or in Wood-lands. They have Plantations ly-
ing about them, fome at a nearer, others at a great-
er Diflance, reserving flill a Place to build the com-
mon War-houfe on. They change not their Seats
or Houfes, unlefs either for fear of the Neighbour-
ing Spaniards^ if they think them too much ac-
quainted with the Place of their Abode •, or to
mend their Commons, when the Ground is worn
out of Heart ; for they never manure.it.

In building they lay no Foundations, only digandbuilt
Holes 2 Or 3 Feet afunder ; in which they fet fmall
Polls upright, of an equal Heighth, of 6, 7, or
8 Foot high. The Walls are walled up with Sticks,
and daub'd over with Earth : And from thefe Walls
the Roof runs in fmall Rafters, meeting in a Ridge,
and covered with Leaves of fome Trees of the
Palm-kind.

The Building is all irregular. The Length is a-
bout 24 or 25 Foot; the Breadth proportionable.
There is no Chimney, but the Fire is made in the
Middle of the Houfe, on the Ground ; the Smoke
going out at a Hole on the Top, or at the Crevifes
in the Thatch. The Houfe is not fo much parted
into Rooms, as all of it a Clufler of Hovels, join-
ing together in one Houfe. No Stories, no Doors,
nor Shelves, nor other Seats, than Logs of Wood.
Every one of the Family has a Hammock tied up,
Hanging from End to End of the Hovel or Room.

Several Houfes in a Village or Neighbourhood, War-
have one War-houfe or Fort in common to them ; £oufes ot-
which is generally at leafl 120 or 130 Foot long, s'
about 25 broad, the Wall about 9 or 10 Foot high j
and in all to the Top of the Ridge about 20 Foot ;
and cover'd with Leaves as: their other Houfes, The
Materials and Method of Building are alfo much
the fame as in the other Houfes '• but there are no
Partitions. The Sides and Ends of thefe War-
houfes are full of Holes, each about as wide as' one's
A a 2 Fill 5

356 Mr. WAFERS Tiefcription

Fift *, but made here and there at Random in no
regular Figure or Order. Out of thefe they view
an approaching Enemy, and fhoot their Arrows.
They have no way of flanking an Enemy. Thefe
Houfes are always feated on a Level, on the Nap
or Edge of a gentle Hill •, and they clear the Coaft
of Woods and Shrubs, for a BowVfhoot quite
round it. There is a Door-way at each End -, and
to barricado it, a Sort of Door made of Macaw-
wood and Bamboes, both fplit and bound together
with Withs ; 'tis about a Foot thick : This they
have ready to fet up againft an Enemies Entrance,
and 2 or 3 Pods in the Ground to fupport it. 'Tis
a great Inconvenience of thefe Forts that they are
cafily fet a Fire ; and the Spaniards moot into the
Thatch, Arrows with long Shanks made red hot,
For that Purpofe. There is ufually a Family of In-
dians living in the War-houfe, as a Guard to it, and
to keep it clean : And they are always kept pretty
neat, as their private Houfes alfo are. The War-
houfes ferve them alfo t© hold their Councils, or o-
ther general Meetings.
Plantati- In the Plantations, among their Houfes, they fet
ons and fo much of Plantains, Maiz, or the like, as ferves
Hosban- tj^j£ Occafions. The Country being all a Foreft,
^' the firft Thing of their Husbandry is ufually to cut
down the Trees and clear a piece of Ground. They
often let the Trees lie along the Place 3 or 4 Years
after they are cut down -, and then fet fire to them
and the Underwood or Stumps, burning all toge-
ther. Yet in the mean time they plant Maiz a-
jnong the Trees as they lie. So much of the
Roots of the Trees as are under Ground, they fuf-
fer to lie there and rot, having no way to grub them
up. When the Ground is pretty clear, they hough
it up into little Ridges and Hillocks ; but in no very
good Form nor regular Difrance. In each of thefe
Hillocks they make a Hole with their Fingers, and

throw

of the Ifthmus of America. 3 57

throw in 2 or 3 Grains of Maiz as we do Garden-
beans ; covering it up with Earth. The Seed-time
is about April \ the Harveft about September or
Ottober. They pluck off the Ears of the Maiz
with their Hands, as is ufual alfo elfewhere : And
tho' I was not there in their Harveft-time, yet I
faw the Maiz in the preceeding Harveft laid up in
the Husk in their Houfes. Inftead of Threfhing,
they rub off the Grain. They make no Bread of Maiz
it, nor Cakes, but ufe the Flower on many Occafi- Flower,
dns ; parching the Corn, and grinding it between
two Stones, as Chocolate is made. One ufe they put
the Flower to, is to mixt it with Water in a Cala-
bafh, an4 fo drink it off ; which they do frequently
when they travel, and have not leifure to get other
Provifions. This Mixture they call Cbichah, which,
I think, fignifles Maiz.

They make a Drink alfo of their Maiz, which Corn
they call Chichah-Co-pah ; for Co-pah fignifies Drink. unnK'
They fteep in a Trough of Water a Quantity of
Maiz bruifed, about 20 or 30 Bufhels, if it be a-
gainft a Feaft or Wedding ; letting it lie fo long till
the Water is impregnated with the Corn, and be-
gins to turn foure. Then the Women, ufually fome
old Women, who have little elfe to do, come to-
gether and chew Grains of Maiz in their Mouths, how fer-
which they fpit out into a Gourd or Calabafti : merited.
And when they think they have a fufficient Quan-
tity of this Spittle and Maiz in the Calabaihes, they
empty them into the Trough of Water, after ha-
ving firft taken out the Maiz that was infus'd in it ;
and this ferves inftead of Barm or Yeaft, fetting all
the Trough of Liquor in a fmall Ferment. When
it has done working, they draw it off clean from the
Sediment into another Trough, and then stis ready
for ufe. It taftes like foure fmall Beer, yet 'tis ve-
ry intoxicating. They drink large Quantities of it*
and are very fond of it : It makes them belch very
A a 3 much.

35 S Mr, WAFER V T>efcription

much. This is their Choice Drink ; for. ordinarily
they drink plain Water or Mi/law.
Mlflawoi Mi/law is a Drink made of ripe Plantains • There
Plantains. ,s of two Sorts, one made of Plantains frefh-ga-
ther'd, the other of dry ones. The former they
road in its Cod, which peeling off, they put the
Plantain into a Calabafh of Water, and mafh it
with their Hands, till 'tis all diffolved ; and then
they drink it up with the Water. The other is made
of Cakes or Lumps of Plantain dried ; for the
Plantains when ripe and gather'd, will not keep,
but quickly grow rotten if left in the Cod. To
preierve them therefore, they make a Mafs of the
Pulp of a great many of the ripe Plantains, which
they dry with a gentle Fire upon a Barbecue or
Grate of Sticks, made like a Gridiron. This
Lump they keep for ufe, breaking off a piece of it
when they pleafe, and mafhing it in Water for
Mifiaiv. They carry a Lump of Plantain with
them for this End when ever they travel ; efpeci-
ally into Places where they can't hope to get ripe
Plantains, tho' they prefer, the dried ones. Green
and half ripe ones they eat inflead of Bread with
Flefh ; but they boil them firft. They do the fame
with their Yams and Potato's, which they fome-
times roaft * as alfo the Caflava-root: And their
Plantations are never without feme or other of
thefe, and ufually in good Plenty • efpecially the
old Plantations.

I faw no Herbs or Sallading in their Plantations,
neither did I ever fee them eat any kind of Herbs
But they never forget to have in their Plantations
fome of their beloved Pepper ; and they ufually
are pretty well ftor'd with Pine-Apples, which
they have very plentiful, and eat of them every
Day, J

The

of the Ifthmus of America.^ 3 59

The Men firft clear the Plantations, and bring Womca
them into order, but the Women have all the
Trouble of them afterwards j the digging, hougn-
ing, planting, plucking the Maiz, andfetting rams,
and every thing of Husbandry, is left to them
but only the cutting down Trees, or fuch Work
that requires greater Strength. The Women alio
have the managing Affairs within Doors, for they
are in general the Drudges of the Family ■, eipeci-
ally the Old Women, for fuch Works as they are
able to do, as Cooking, Warning, and the like.
And abroad alfo the Women are to attend their
Husbands, and do all their fervile Work. Nay,
they are little better than their Pack-horfes, carry-
ing all the Luggage of their Houmold-Utenfils,
Victuals, cjtV. and when they come to the Place
where they are to lodge, the Wife dreffes Supper,
while the Man hangs up the Hammocks ; for each
of them lies in their own Hammock. -.■.«,-

■ • But notwithstanding the Women are put thus to The Wo-
all Manner of Drudgery about the Houie and Plan- Dfudgery
tations, and in travelling abroad, and are little bet- voiumary
ter than Slaves to their Husbands ; yet they do
their Work fo readily and chearfully, that it ap-
pears to be rather their own Choice than any Ne-
ceffity laid upon them. They are in general very Their
good conditions, pitiful and courteous to one ano-|ooav.on-
ther, but efpeciaily to Strangers ; ready to give any
juft Attendance or Affiftance they can. They ob-
ferve their Husbands with a profound Refped and
Duty upon all Occafions •, and on the other Side ^d their
their Husbands are very kind and loving to them.
I never knew an Indian beat his WTife, nor give her
any hard Words : Nor even in the Quarrels, which
they are wont to have in their Cups, do they mew
any Roughnefs towards their Women who attend
them,

■

A a 4.

Befide

360

Care of
their
Children,
Lying-in

Nurfing.

Educati-
on of the
Boys,

Their
tkxteriry

Mr. WAFER'/ <Defcription

Befide thefe Cares, the Women have that which
more immediately belongs to them, the Care of
. their Children. When a Woman is deliver'd of a
Child, another Woman takes it in her Arms with-
in half an Hour or lefs after it is born, and takes
the lying-in Woman upon her Back, and goes with
both of them into the River and wafhes them there.
The Child for the firft Month, is tied upon a
Board, or piece of A&raw-wood fplit (Tor that
ferves them ufually for Boards, having no Saws)
and this piece of Wood is fwathed to the Back of
the Child ; and their Children generally grow very
flreight. When there is Occafion to clean the
Child, they take it off from the Board, and wafh
it with cold Water •> and then fwathe it on again.
The Mother takes up the Child to give it Suck,
Board and all, and lays it down again in a little
Hammock made for that Purpofe ; the upper Part
of which is kept open with fhort Sticks.

As the Children grow up, the Boys are bred to
their Fathers Exercifes ; efpecially mooting with
the Bow and Arrow, and throwing the Lance ; at
both which they are very expert. I have feen
Things performed by them with a Dexterity almoft
incredible : For Inftance, a little Boy of about 8
•Tears old, would fet a Cane up on end, and going
about 20 Paces from it, would fplit it with a Bow
and Arrow, and not mifs once in feveral Efiays.
This I have feen, and this is the chief of their Exer-
cife : And as they generally accompany their Fathers
on Flunting, (efpecially when about 10 or 12 Years
old, and big enough to carry their own Provifion,
and a Calabalh of Corn-Drink) fo they will fhoot
little Birds they meet with, and ftrike in with the
Hunt. Their young Children they never carry a-
broad with them on a Journey, or on a hunting or
fighting Expedition. The Boys, when grown fome-
wfjat big, always go abroad with the Father and

Mother,

of the Ifthmus of America. 3<5i

rother, and do what little Services they can ; but
e Girls ftay at home with the old Women.
They feem very fond of their Children, both Fa- Indul-
ersand Mothers •, and I have fcarce feen them ufeSencc-
iy Severity towards them. And the Children are
.ffer'd to divert themfelves which way they will,
vimming in the Rivers and catching Fifh, Is a
•eat Exercife even for the fmall Boys and Girls ;
id the Parents alfo ufe that Refrefhment. They go
aite naked, both Boys and Girls, till the Age of
uberty ; when the Girls put on their Clout, and
ie Boys the Funnel.

The Girls are bred up by their Mothers to their Girls Em-
smeftick Employments. They make them help ploy- ^
> drefs the Vi&uals, and fet them to draw Strings mcnts*
at of Mabo-bark, and to beat &7£-grafs, for
'hread, Cordage, and Nets. They pick the Cot-
>n alfo, and fpin it for their Mothers weaving.
or weaving, the Women make a Roller of Wood, The Wo-
aout 3 Foot long, turning eafily about between 2 S^.
bfts. About this they place Strings of Cotton,
f 3 or 4 Yards long, at moft, but oftner lefs, ac-
arding to the ufe the Cloth is to be put to, whe-
ler for a Hammock, or to tie about their Waifts,
r for Gowns, or Blankets to cover them in their
lammocks, as they lie in them in their Houfes ;
'hich are all the Ufes they have for Cloth : And
ley never weave a Piece of Cotton with a Defign
a cut it, but of a Size that mall juft ferve for the
articular Ufe. The Threads thus coming from
he Roller are the Warp •, and for the Woof, they
wift Cotton-yarn about a fmall piece of Macaw-
.rood, notch'd at each End ; and taking up every
tther Thread of the Warp with the Fingers of one
land, they put the Woof through with the other
Hland, and receive it out on the other Side • And
o make the Threads of the Woof lie clofe in the
:ioth, they ftrike them at every Turn with a long

and

The Mens
Basket-
making.

Woven

C jps.

Modefty
of the

young
Maids.

Mr. WAFER'/ Ttefcription
and thin piece of Macaw-v/ oo& like a Ruler, whk
Jies a-crofs between the Threads of the Warp f<
that Purpofe. . r

The Girls alfo twift Cotton-Yarn for Fringe
and prepare Canes, Reeds, or Palmeto-Leaves, ]
the Boys alfo do, for Basket-making. But the m;
king up the Baskets is the Men's work j who fir
dye the Materials of feveral curious lively Colour:
and then mix and weave them very prettily. The
weave little Baskets like Cups alfo very neat j wit
the Twigs wrought fo very fine and clofe, as t
hold any Liquor, without any more to do, havin,
no Lacker or VarniOi : And they as ordinarily drin
out of thefe woven Cups, as out of their Cain
bafhes, which they paint very curioufly. Theymak
Baskets of feveral Sizes, for carrying their Cloaths
or other Ufes, with great Variety of Work ; and (i
firm, that you may crufri them, or throw them |
bout, how you will almoft, with little or no Da
mage to them.

The young Maids are fliut up in private by thei
Parents at the Time of Puberty, and will not b
ieen by any, but put a piece of Cotton as a* Veil o
ver their Faces, if any one fhould come accidental
Jy into the Place where they are, though it be thei
Father. This Confinement Lifts not long, but the)
foon go abroad again. They are very modeft |
and though they will lay hold of any Part of r
Man, yet they do it with great Simplicity and Inno-
cence.

Plurality Lacenla had feveral Wives, as others of them al-
pt Wives. f0 ha(j. Lacenta's were 7 in Number. When he
went a Progrefs or long Journey, *twas fo contri-
ved, that he Hill found one of his Wives at every
new Stage he came to.

Adultery

of the Ifthmus of America. 3^3

Adultery is punifhed among them with $£¥®£
jath of both Parties. Yet if the Woman confef- Adultery,

the Fafttoher Husband, and.fwears me was
•c'd, me finds Favour : But if me conceals it, and
be prov'd againft her, me is burnt. Their
iws are fevcre alfo in other Refpects ; for a Thief Theft,
ss without Mercy.

If a Man debauches a Virgin, they thruft a Sort and de-
Briar up the Paffage of his Penis, and then turn^S
round ten or a dozen Times : Which is not only °
great Torment, but commonly mortifies the
irt ; and the Perfon dies of it ; but he has Liber-
to cure himfelf if he can. Thefe Fads muft be
oved by Oath ; which is by their Tooth. _
When they marry, the Father of the Bride, or Their
e next Man of Kin, keeps her privately in the fame Marriage.
partment with himfelf the firft feven N'ghts ;
hether to exprefs an Unwillingnefs to part with
;r, or for what other Reafon I know not ; and
e is then deliver'd to her Husband.
When a Man difpofes of his Daughter, he invites

I the Indians within 20 Miles round, to a great

eaft, which he provides for them. The Men who Prefents
>me to the Wedding bring their Axes along withbrou&ht-
«em, to work with : The Women bring about
df a Bu£hel of Maiz : The Boys bring Fruit and
oots : The Girls Fowls and Eggs 5 for none come
npty-handed. They fet their Prefents at the
loor of the Houfe, and go away again, till all the
-ft of the Guefts have brought theirs •, which are

II received in, and difpos'd of by the People of the
loufe.

Then the Men return firft to the Wedding, and uarmge
le Bridegroom prefents each Man with a Calabafh ^^°'
f ftrong Drink, and conducls them through the ' *
loufe one by one, into fome open Place behind it.
[he Women come next, who likewife receive a Ca-
ibafli of Liquor, and march through the Houfe.

Then

Working
for the
r,ew
pie.

3 64 Mr, WAFERV Ttefcription

Then come the Boys, and laft of all the Girls
who all drink at the Door, and go after the reft.

Then come the Fathers of the young Couple
with their Son and Daughter : The Father of th
Bridegroom leads his Son, and the Father c
the Bride leads his Daughter. The former make
a Speech to the Company ; and then dances a
bout with many Antick Geftures, till he is all o;
a Sweat. Then kneeling down he gives his Son t
the Bride ; whofe Father is kneeling alfo and hold
her, having danc'd himfelf into a Sweat, as the c
ther. Then the young Couple take each other b
the Hand, and the Bridegroom returns the Brid
to her Father \ and thus ends the Ceremony.

Then all the Men take up their Axes, and rui
Cou.mouting and hollowing to a Trad of Woodland
which before is laid out for a Plantation for th«
young Couple. There they fall to work, cutting
down the Woods, and clearing the Ground as faf
as they can. Thus they continue about feven Days
working with the greater! Vigour imagineable
And all the Ground which they clear, the Womei
and Children plant with Maiz, or whatever elfe 1
agreeable to the Seafon. They alfo build a Houfc
for the new-married Couple to live in.

The feven Days being ended, and the younc
tiageFeaftMan fettled with his Wife in his new Houfe, the
Company make merry there with Chichah-Co-pah,
the Corn-drink before defcribed, of which they are
fure to provide good Store. They alfo make Provifion
for Feafhng ; and the Guefts fall too very heartily.
Hard When their Eating is over, the Men fall to harcl

Drinking. Drinking : But before they begin, the Bridegroom
takes all their Arms, and hangs them to the Ridge-
pole of the Houfe, where none can get at them but
himfelf: For they are very quarreifome in their
Drink : They continue drinking Night and Day,
till all the Liquor is fpent \ which lafts ufually 3

The Mar-

prevent
quarrell

of the l&hmus of America; $6$

| Days. During which fome are always drink-
, while others are drunk and fleeping : And
ai all the Drink is out, and they have recover'd
ir Senfes, they all return to their own Homes,
rhey have Feafting on other Occafions alfo -, as other
>r a great Council held, or any other Meeting jFeafts and
ich they have fometimes only for Merriment. Meals.
ie Men conftantly drink to one another at Meals,
aking fome Word, and reaching out the Cup to-
rds the Perfon they drink to. They never drink
their Women ; but thefe conftantly ftand by
i attend them while they are eating-, take the
ip of any one who has drank, throw out the Re-
tinderof the Liquor, rinfe it, and give it full to
other. The Women at all Feafts, and in their
m Houfes, wait on their Husbands till they have
ine ; and then go and eat by themfelves, or with

ie another. ,11

The Men, when they are at home, trouble them- The Mens
ives little with any Bufmefs ; but that they may not Employ-
k quite idle, they will be often making them Cups
id Baskets, Arrows and Heads for them, Lances,
ets, and the like.

The Men make alfo a Sort of Pipes of fmall nol-TheirRe.
w Bamboes, and fometimes of a fingle Reed, creation,
hey cut Notches in it, and blow it ftrongly, ma-
ins a whining Noife, but without any diftmct
rotes : And they frequently entertain themfelves
ith fuch Inftruments, as they us'd in their Pawaw-
g. They will do any thing to make a Nolle,
hich they love much ; and they keep every one a
lumming at the fame Time to themfelves.

They hum alfo when they dance, which they do Dancing,
lany Times 30 or 40 in a Ring, Men only toge-
her. They ftretch out their Hands, laying them
►n another's Shoulders. Then they move gently
ide-ways round in the fame Circle ; and fhake all
7 the

«M Mr. WAFERV Ttefcription

the Joints of their Bodies with a wrigling anti<

Gefture, as they move along the Ring.

_ They pipe and drum often, even at workii

Times s but their dancing they ufe chiefly wh.

they get together to make merry. When th<

have danc'd fome Time, one or other of the Cor

pariy goesoutof the Ring, jumps about, and pla

antick Tricks, throwing and catching his Lane

bending back towards the Ground, and fpringir

forward again, with many other Motions, like oi

Tumblers ; but with more Activity than An

And when One is tired with his Tricks, anoth.

Leps out •, and fometimes two or three together A

foon as ever 'tis over, they jump into the River, a

in a violent Sweat as they are. and there warn their

felves clean ; and when they come out of the W-

ter, they ftroke it off from their Hair and Bodi!

with their Hands. A Dancing-bout, if the Meet

ing be large, lafts fometimes a whole Day, feMor

leis than 5 or 6 Hours • and 'tis ufually after havin

a ftiort drinking Bout : But they don't dance afte

they have drank very hard.

Thefe, and the Huntings and Shooting at

Mark, are their chief Divertifements ; for boL

Men and Boys will be letting fly at any thino- the^

fee though for nothing but Exercife or Tnal 0

The Wo- Skill. The Women have Dancings and Merri

"erfioM1" mentsbyth^felves, when their Husbands Paflime

rcraou. are over . for they never feaft nor play togethe

with the Men : But they will drink by themfelve

till they are fuddled.

Their care The Women take great Cafe of their Husband'

of their when they have made themfelves drunk. For wher

Sands ?ey Perceive him in' f«ch a Condition that he car

bear up no longer, they get 1 or 2 more Womer

to affift them to take him up, and put him into hi<

Hammock ; where as he lies fnoring, they Hand by

and fpnnkle Water on his Body to cool him, wafh-

of the Ifthmus ef America. 3^7

g his Hands, Feet and Face ; ftroking off that
'/ater with their Hands as it grows warm, and
irowing on frefh. I have feen 10 or 12 or more,
ing thus in their Hammocks after a Feaft, and
le Women ftanding by to look after them.
The Men never ftir abroad upon the moil ordina- Hunting
f Occafion, if it be but juft without the Door toExpediu-
lake Water, but they take with them fome or o-OGSi
ler of their Weapons, their Bow and Arrow,-
,ance, Hatchet, or Macheat or Long-knife, Their
10ft frequent Expeditions in Time of Peace, are to

0 a Hunting. For this is their way of fupplying
nemfelves with Flefli ; and they go out as often as
: fails at home. They fometimes go out a Family
r two only by themfelves ; but they have often
irger and more folemn Huntings, of a great many

1 Company together : And there is feldom a Coun-
il held, or Feaft, but there is fome hunting Match
oncluded on beforethey part ; and a Time fet for
very one to appear with their feveral Neceffaries,
t the general Rendezvous.

A. hunting Expedition lafts fometimes 3^ or 4,
bmetimes 10, 12, 17 or 18 Days, according as
hey meet with the Game, and as the Courfe is
vhich they iteer to find it : For fometimes they will
ange to the Borders, to vifit or traffick with their
Neighbouring Indians; And they will hunt all the
vay as they go and return. They hunt more or
efs at all Seafons of the Year •, never regarding
vhether their Venifon be in Seafon or not. They
:ake with them one or two Dogs a piece, to beat
ibout -, and there go as well Women as Men.
When I went with them a hunting a young Woman
was appointed me to wait on me, and carry my
Basket of Provifions.

The Women carry in their Baskets, Plantains, Provifions
Bonanoes, Yams, Potatoes and Caflava-roots, rea-
dy roafted •, but in the Woods, among the ruin'd

Planta-

368 ' Mr. WAFER'/ T)efcription

Plantations, they often meet with green Plantains
which they drefs there, and with thefe Roots : So
that if they go defignedly among fuch Plantations,
they carry the lefs with them. They carry alfo
fome parch' d Maiz in Meal or Flower, and fome
ripe Plaintains raw to make Miflaw with. This is
all their Provifion. Every Woman carries a Cala-
bafh ; and there are one or two Pipkins among
them all. The Men carry Bows and Arrows, a
Tamahock or little Axe, and a Macheat. All go
Barefoot, and are often fcratch'd in the Woods,
but matter it not. They hunt Pecary, JVarree,
TheGatne £haums, Chkaly-Cbicalees, Corrofou's, or any other
Beaft or Bird they meet with, except Monkeys and
Deer. The Fowls, and what will not be fo eafily
preferv'd, they eat prefently. They lodge all
Night at any place where they happen to be at Sun-
fet, fo it be near a Brook or River, and on the Nap
of the Hill. They hang up» their Hammocks be-
tween two Trees, and cover themfelves with a
Plantain-Leaf, for Shelter from Rain, Wind, &c.
with a Fire all Night by the Hammock. They ne-
ver hunt after Sun-fet ; and begin not again till
Sun-rife. Their chief Game are the Pecary and
Warree ; neither of which are fwift of Foot. They
go in Droves, often 2 or 300 > fo that if the In-
dians come upon them unawares, they ufually kill
fome by random Shot among them. But elfe, they
are many Times a whole Day without getting any ;
or fo few, conlidering how many they ftart, that
it feems a great Toil to little Purpofe. I have feen
about a thoufand ftarted, in feveral Droves, when
I was a hunting with them ; of which we kill'd but
two, as I remember. Sometimes when they are
fhot, they carry away the Arrows quite. When
the Beaft is tir'd, it will ftand at a Bay with the
Dogs ; which will fet him round, lying clofe, not
daring to feize, but mapping at the Buttocks ; and

when

' of the Ifthmus of America/ 369

hen they fee their Matter behind a Tree ready to
toot, they all withdraw to avoid the Arrow. As
>on as an Indian hath fhot a Pecary or Warree, he
ms in and lances them •, then he unbowels them,
irowing away the Guts, and cuts them in two a-
-ofs the Middle. Then he cuts a piece of Wood
tarp at both Ends •, fticks the Forepart of tha
eaft at one End, and the Hinder-part at the other.
3 each laying his Stick a-Cfofs his Shoulder, they
3 to the Rendezvous, where they appointed the
/omen to be ; after which the£ carry their Meat
Lome, firft barbecuing it that Night.

When they take a Bead or Bird, they pierce it
ith the Lances, or moot Arrows into it, to let
jt the Blood. Then they quarter it (firft cutting
EF the Head •,) and if it be a Pecary they.fcald oti Curing
ic Hair with hot Water y if a Warree, they flea it. the Meat.
rom fome of the Birds they ftrip the Feathers on-
-, from others the Skin alfo : And this not regular-
', while the Carcafs is whole, but Piece-meal, af-
:r they have difmember'd it ; efpecially in their
ournies.

If they intend to preferve any, having little Salt,
ley ered four forked Sticks 8 or 9 Foot afunder,
n which they lay two parallel Staves that fhall be
Dove a Foot from the Ground, and fo make a
arbecue. * A-crofs thefe Staves they lay the pieces
f the Beafts or Birds ; and fpread underneath a
m live Coals, to make which they burn a Parcel
f Wood oh purpofe; and turn the fame pieces,
nd renew this fmall Fire for 3 or 4 Days, or a
Veek, till the Meat be as dry as a Chip, or like
ur fmoak'd Beef. This they do abroad if they
ill a great many Pecary, Birds,. &c. and bring the
ieces home ready dried: And if there be much of
:, the Men help the Women to carry home the Ve-
ifon. Thefe pieces will keep a great while -, and
rhen the Stock is almoft out, they go again a hunt-

Yol, E Bb .mg.

370 Mr. WAFER 's Ttefiripthn

jng. They make a Barbecue at home alfo, heap
ing up thefe dried pieces a-crofs, and often puttinj
fome Embers underneath, to keep them from gi
ving> or growing mufty in that moift Countr>
From thefe pieces they cut off Bits for ufe as the
want them.

Their If they take any Parcels of their dried Flefh, o

Cookery ;any new]y kiIled> ^ ^ fe <mQ ^^ .^^ an<

throw them into the Pitkin ; putting into it fome c
the Roots and green Plantains or Bonano's, or an
other Eatable, and a great deal of Pepper ; ftewinj
all together by a fimmering gentle Heat, neve
boiling it. The Veffel ftands thus clofe cover',
for 7 or 8 Hours ; far 'tis fet on very early in th
Morning, and they flay till all be brought toPul]
or Mafh. This is for fet Meals ; for Plantains an<
Bonano's they eat all Day ; but this fet Meal o
Flefli they eat but once, about Mid-day only. Th
Mam they pour out into a large Earthen Difh o
Calabafh, fetting it on the great Block, which is ii
every Houfe as a Table, fitting round oa littL
Blocks as on Stools. But at great Feafts, for larg.
Companies, they make a great Barbecue, io, 12
or 20 Foot long, or more, as the Company is, an<
broad proportionably : They fpread on it 3 or <
Breadths of Plantain-leaves for a Table-Cloath
Every one has a Calabafli of Water ftanding b)
him at his Right-Hand, on the Ground. In eating
they dip the two Fore- fingers of the Right-Hanc
bent Hook-wife, and take up therewith out of th<
Difh, as with a Spoon, as much as they can, ftro
king it a-crofs into their Mouths. At every mouth-
ful they dip their Fingers into the Calabafh of Wa-
ter by their Side, whether for Cleanlinefs or Cool
ing, I know not ; for they eat their Meat e^Ceffivc
hot, as well as violently p§pper'd. They 'eat no-
thing with it as Bread ; but when they have a Lump
Gf Salt (which is rargj at every 3 or 4 Mouthfuls

they

and man
ner of
Eating.

Th
Co

and
ner

Eat

&f the Ifthmtis gf America. 371

they ftroke it over their Tongue* to give a Relfflj,
and then lay it down again.

The Indians, when they travel, guide themfelves Th.'irTra;
either by the Sun, when it mines, or by fleering to- veiling. •.,
wards fuch a determinate Point, obferving the
bending of the Trees, according as the Wind is.
If they are at a lofs this way, they notch the Barks
of Trees, to fee which Side is thickeft •, which is
always the South, or Sunny-fide j and their way lies
generally through Woods. They go alfo through
Swamps, Boggs, Rivers, £sV. where there is no
Sign of a Path, and are often forced to turn afide 5
yet will keep their way pretty direct for feveral
Days together % clearing their way through Thick-
ets with their Macheats, efpecially if of hollow
Bamboes ; for there is no getting through without
it. They fwim over Rivers* Men, Women and
Children, without felling Trees, as we did there.
But down the River they ufe either their Canoas, or
Bark-Logs made of Light-wood.

. When any enquire the Way of them, as We had Shewing
feveral Times occafion to do in palling and repaf-theWay
fing the Ifthmusi their ulual Method of informing ?ndsjt^c
them as to the Bearing of Place they enquire after, y s
is by pointing towards it ; and as to the 2tme in
which they may hope to arrive there, by pointing
to fome part of the Arc the Sun defcribes in their
Hemifphere '. For according as they point higher
or lower* either to the Eaft or Weft of the Meridi-
an, they fuggeft the Time of the Day, Morning
or Afternoon, in which you may hope to arrive at
the River, Plantations, or whatever 'tis you enquire
after. So the Middle diftance between the Eaftern
Limb of the Horizon, and the Meridian, fignifies
9 a Clock in the Morning , f ths of the South-weft
Arc of the Sun's diurnal Courfe denotes 4 in the
Afternoon, Cffc. If the Time they would intimate
fee not of Hours but Pays, they turn their Faces
B b 2 South-

Mr. W A F E R 's Ttefcriphn

Southward, and deferibing with their Hand the Arc '
of the Sun's jdiurnal Courfe from Eaft to Weft,
when they have brought their Hand to point to the
Weftern Horizon, they then bring it to the Side
of their Head ■■> and laying down their Head on
that Side upon it, and fhutting their Eyes, counter-
feit for a Moment their being afleep. Then re-
peating the Motion with their Hand, and the inter-
vening deeping Times, they make you underftand
that there will be fo many deeping Times or Nights-
before you arrive at the Place you feek.
Compma- I obferv'd among them no Diftinclion of Weeks,
of Time, or particular Days, no parting the Day into Hours,
or any Portions, otherwife than by this Pointing :
And w-hen they u-fe this, or any other Sign, yet
they fpeak at the fame Time, and exprefs their
Meaning in their own Language, tho' to Europeans
who underftand it not. They reckon Times paft
by no Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, but the
Moons : For Lacenta fpeaking of the Havock the
Spaniards had made to the Weftward, intimated
'twas a great many Moons ago,
Numbers Their Computation is by Unites and Tens, and
ilnii?lcu Scores, to an Hundred ; beyond which I have not
heard them reckon. To exprefs a Number above
this, they take a Lock of their Hair, little or great
fin Proportion to the Number they would intimatej
and hold it up in their Hands, forting it gradually
with their Fingers, and making it. To exprefs a
thing innumerable, they take up all the Hair on one
Side of the Head, and ihake it.

When we went into the South Seas under Captain
Sharps we were in Number about 3 36, as I remem-
ber -, and a pretty many of the Indians of the 1ft h-
mus bore us Company in our March. They were
willing to take Account of our Number as we
march'd ; fo one of the Indians fat in the Path, and
kaving a little Heap of Maiz-grains by him, fop

every

lations.

• of the Ifthrmis of America.""

every Man of ours that pafs'd by him he put one
Grain into his Basket. When he had thus taken a
great Part of our Number, one of our Men in
patting by, gave his Basket purpofely a Tofs, and
threw out his Corn, and fo fpoil'd his Account.
This feem'd to difpleafe them : Yet one of them
got a little before, and fitting clofe in the Wood,
at a fmall Diftance from the narrow Path, which
we were to pafs one by one, he there took our
Number in Grains of Maiz. But when he had ta-
ken his Account, they were put to it to caft it up:
For 2 or 3 Days after, in the Progrefs of our
March, coming among fome of the Southern Indl-
dians, we faw fome 20 or 30 of the graver Men got
together, and trying their Skill to compute the
Grains in the Basket ; which when they had laid up-
on a Plantain-leaf, feveral of them indeavour'd to
tell one after another : But when they could tell no
further, (the Number probably exceeding their A-
rithmetick) and feem'd to grow very hot, and ear-
neft in their Debates about it, one of them ftarted
up, and forting out a Lock of his Hair with his
Fingers and making it, feem'd to intimate the Num-
ber to be great and unknown; and lb put. an end
to the Difpute. But one of them came after us,
and enquir'd our Number in broken Spanijh.

'Their Capital Numbers, One, Two, Three, they
name thus :

■

111

■

1. Conjiigo.

2. Poquab.

. 3. Pauquab.

4. Pakeqxab,

■ -

5. ■ Eterrahi

6. hdricah.

7. Coogolz1:.

K, Paitkopdb.

9. Pahkopah.

Nutnerai

Names.

%o. Jnivego,

57+ Mr. WAFERS T>efcriptfo®

10. Anivego.

ii. Anivego Cmjugo,

12. Anivego Poquah.

13. Anivego Pauquab, &c,
20. 2W<s Boguab,

40. ?W# Guannab.

And fo on to 100,

Under 10 they content themfelves with naming
the particular Number at once ; which they do rea-
dily. But at the fame Time that they name Anivego ,
or 10, they dap together their expanded Hands.
And for 11, 12, 13, fcfr. to 20, they clap toge-
ther their Hands, and fay Anivego ; and then fepa-
rating them, they itrike in order their Fingers of
the Left-hand, one by one with the Fore-finger of
the Right, faying, Anivego Conjugo, Anivego Poquab,
Anivego Pauquab, &c. to the Number they would
exprthy if under 20.

When they would exprefs 20, they clap their
Hands twice, (once at every ioj and fay Toola Bo~
guah. Toola feems to fignify the fame with them,
as Score with us. For 21, they fay Toola Boguab Con^
jugo ; 22, Toola Boguab Poquab, &c. To exprefs 30,
they clap their Jiands thrice, and fay Toola Boguab
Anivego, (20 and 10 ) for 31, Toola Boguab Anivego
Conjugo, f 20 and 1 1 r) and fo on to 40 j when again
they clap their Hands 4 Times, and fay Toola guan-
nab, implying another Score; 41, Toola guannab
Conjugo, &c. 50, Toola guannab Anivego, (two
Score and Ten ;) 51, Toola guannab Anivego Conju-
go, (Two Score and Eleven, &c.) The Name of
the other Scores to 100, I know not; and there
are few of them can reckon fo far : For while I
was among them, I was induftrious to learn their
Numbers, and 'twas a Diverfion I had with them ;
for fchey liked well my trying to imitate them ; and
would be very merry upon it ; But 'twas not every

one

of the Ifthmus of America; 375

one could readily carry me much farther than I have
now reckoned, or fet me right if I was out.

Their way of Reckoning thus from Score to Reckon-
Score, is nl more than whit our old Englijh way^
was: But there faying inftead of 31, 9 1, Une
Score and Eleven, One Score and Twelve, is much
like the High-landers of Scotland and Ireland, reck-
oning Eleven and Twenty, Twelve and Twenty
&r So for 53. the High-landers fay Thirteen and
two Score, as the Darien Indians would, two bcore
and Thirteen, only changing the Pte» In rnv
Youth 1 was well acquainted with the> High-Land,
or primitive Iri/b Language •, both as it is fpoken
in the North of Ireland, particularly at the Navan
upon the Boyne, and about the Town of Virgim
upon Lough Rammer, in the Barony of Cafile Raghen,
in the County of Cavan •, and alfo in the High*
lands of Scotland, where I have been up and down
in feveral Places. Their way of Reckoning may
be a Curiofity to fome •, for which Reafon I have
here inferted a Table of it ; fpdt not according
to the Orthography, but xhz Pronunciation.

1. Hean.

2. Dz.

3. Tree.

4. Caher.

5. Cooig.

6. Shoe.

7. Shaucht.

8. Oaf&f.

9. JV03X?.

10. d*&.

11. Heanegg.

12. D«*<gg.

13. Treedeegg.

14. Caherdeegg.

15. Cooigdeegg,

injh and

Scotch
Highland-
ers Num-
bers.

Bb 4

16. Shaedttgg*

17*

Mr. W A FER'j Defcriftkn
1 6. ' Sbaedeegg.
jy. Schaucbtdeegg.

1 8. Oachtdeegg.

19. Nnyedeegg. .-

20. iift A Score.

21. Hean augus feb Briefly
[ausfeh j augus fignifies and.

kii Ds> augus f eh. Two and a Score

23. Tre augus feb.' Three, &f*.

30, Deb augus f eh: Ten and a. Score.

3 r- Heaneegg augus f eh. Eleven and a Score,

32. DZeegg augUs. feb,

40. Toylht.

41. //<?## #«£#.$■ //6s yoyibt.
43. D<3 ^agaj /&» Jfly&f.
50. D*& tf«g«j «B? yfyyifi/s
5f. Heaneegg tlf yoyibt.

52, Zfegg flgggg f£> wjfWl^/.

60.
6r.

70.

80.

90.

ioo.

200,

IOOO,

'Tree febth.

Hean augus Tree febth.

Deb augus Tree febth.

Car eh febth.

Deb augus Careh-fehth.

Ccoig febth -, or Caed, a Hundred,

Oychead.

Meelah.

1 000960, Meelioon.

Man My Knowledge of the High-Land Language

Sn' ?*?* mj Che more €aPabIe of Earning the Danen
corapar'd lfdl<W$ Language, when I was among them. For
with there is fame Affinity, not in the Signification of
theirs. the Words of each Language, but in the Pronun-
ciation, which I could eafily imitate'; both being
fpoken pretty much in the Throat, with frequent
Afpirates, and much the fame fharp or circumflex
Tang or Cant. I learned a great deal of the Dari-
en Language in a Month's Convention with them ;

for

of the Ifthmus of America^ ijy

r I was always asking what they call this and that :
iid Lacenta was continually talking with me ; who
ake alfo a few Words of broken Spani/Jj. I took
> Care to retain any of the Indians Language ;
it fome few Words that I ftill remember, I have
re put as a Specimen.

Mtab, Father. Indian

'aunab, Mother. Words.

wnab, Woman.

oopab, Brother. |

'damafoquab Roopah ? How do you Brother ?

eenab, a Girl.

ee, the Moon.

baunabj Go.

'oaunab Weemacah ; Make hafte, run, .

wnnorung , big, a great Thing.

e-zbah, ugly. ,

aecba, foh ! ugly !... -

ecbab Malooquab, (an Expreflion of great Diflike. J

?tcbab, Sleep.

zupah, a Hammock.

itcbab Caupah ? Will you go fleep in the Ham-
mock ?

a poonah cetab Coupah ? Woman have you got
the Hammock ?

"oolah, Water. .

oolab Cop ah ? Will you drink Water ?

hicha-Copah^ Maiz-Drink.

famaubab, Fine.

ab, Pepper.

\upab eenab ? What do you call this ?

Mr,

37S

Mr. WAFERV Voyages, &c;

kSNIt. Waf rrV, Voyages, &c

TheRela- I-TAving thus gone over the IJlbmus, and made
tionof A *■ fuch Obfervations about it as occurr'd to me.
thevoy- I (hall now refume the Thread of my Voyage,

tmued?" wnicn * broke in the Soutn Sea> at RealeJa on the
Seep.294.Coaft of Mexico, where I parted with Mr. Dampier:
Harbour after my fecond being with him in thofe Seas. Cap-
of ReaUja.t3i[n $wan 'm ^ Cygnet, was going to the Weft-
ward ; and Mr. Dampier, chofe to go with him. ]
flaid with Captain Davis in the Batchelors Delight ;
and he was for going again to the Southward.
See Dam- So we left them in the Harbour of Realeja, when
^r'sVoy-we fet out Aug, 27. 1685. with three other Veffeh
j8pS,223. *n our Company. But our Men growing very fick
' when we were got out to Sea, we foon put into the
Gulphof Gulph of Amapalla. There we lay feveral Weeks
Amafallaat a fmall Ifland, on which we built Huts for our
lick Men, whom we put afhore. In our 4 fmall
Ships, we had then above 130 fick of the Spotted-
Fever, many of whom died : Yet tho' I attended
them every Day, I thank God I efcap'd the Infect-
ion. But 'tis not my Intention to particularize as
to all the Places or Occurrences we met with ; for
I kept no Journal : But fome fuch Things as I took
more particular Notice of, and thought worth re-
marking I fhall briefly fpeak of as I go along.

Being in great want of Provifion while we lay
here, we went afhore, in order to fupply our Ne-
cefllties at a Beef-Eftantion on the Continent, at the
South of the Cod of the Bay, which lay from the
Landing-place about three Miles. In our way we

were

re forced to pafs a hot River in airmen Savan- Hot Rivet

frl although we made fome Difficulty at It by Rea-

3 of its Heat. This River iffued out from under

Hill : But it was no Vulcan, tho» there are feve-

l on this Coaft. I had the Curiofity to wade up ,

3 Stream as far as I had Day-light to guide me :

he Water was clear and {hallow, but the Streams

ider the Hill were like thofe of a boiling Pot, and

f Hair was wet with them. The River without

e Hill reek'd for a great way. Many of our

[en who had the Itch bath'd themfelves here, and

■owing well foon after, they imputed it to the Sul-

luroufnefs, or other Vertue of this Water. In

is Place are a Multitude of Wolves which are the F^c

Dldeft that ever I met with : for they would come

, near, as to be almoft ready to pull the Flefli out

F our Hands-: Yet we durft not moot them for

•ar the Noife of our Guns mould call more to

icir Affiftance ; and we went but ftraghng up and

own. ,. ,,

Our Men being tolerably well recover d, we
ood away to the Southward, and came to the
land Cock in 5 Deg. i* Min. N. . Lat. 'Tis foI-P-
ailed from its Coco-Nuts, wherewith 'tis plentifully

or'd. 'Tis but a fmall Ifland, yet a very |M*i|M
,ne j For the Middle of the Ifland is a fteep Hill,
mroinded all about with a Plain, declining to the
ie* This Plain, and particularly the Valley where
>ou* go afliore, is thick fct with Coco-nut Trees
*hkh flourifh here very finely, it being a rich and
ruitful Soil. They grow alfo on the Skirts of the
Silly Ground in the Middle of the Me, and fcatter-
ag in Spots upon the Sides of it, very pleafantly.
Jut that which contributes moft to the Pleafure of
rhe Place is, that a great many Springs of dear and
nveet Water rifing to the Top of the Hill, are
:here gathered as in a dee£ large Bafon or Pond, the
Top fubfiding inwards quite round i and the w»

3 So Mr-. WAFER', Voyages, Sec.

flnJf"8 hy-*is Means no Channel whereby t<
flow along, as m a Brook or River, it overflow/th
Verge of its Bafon in feveral Places, and runsTick
hng down m many pretty Streams. In fome Place
or , S overflowing, the rocky Sides of the 2
* k a Pi u " perpendicular, and hanging over th<

ss*. r o"t oefeaB' ,the Yaterp°urs d°w^ ssssa

!L c °f a B"*«' fo as t0 'eave a Space dry under
the Spout, and form a kind of Arch of Water
which together withthe Advantage of the ProfpS'
the near adjoining Coco-nut Trees, and the ffi

Smite Ch*f^ingWa"[g-es£„eAirinthlhoC
J: "mate, makes it a very charming Place and de
l.ghtiul to feveral of theSenfes at once! '

Our Men were very much pleas'd with the En-
terta,„mentthls Ifland afforded them :, And they a"
io^lldhere all their Water-Casks; for here is ex
cKLl *^**to** *m thofe i tie
mftlfl ^tm below m the Plain, and the Ship lay
J ft its Outlet into the Sea, where there was verv
pod Fading: So that 'tis as commodious a Wal7-
mg-place as any I have met with

! Nor did we fpare the Coco-nuts, eatine what we
would, and drinking the Milk, and SJS

our Men went afhore every Day : And one Dav a

ve;ngmeerrf Vh^ ^ * «"^ TemfX
«rS m.f 7r y Went a(hore and c« down a
great many Coco-trees ; from which they <mher'd

Th u' a"n !^ ab0Ut 2° GaUons o/tfe Mi k

Kin? and O ^ &" and dtank Healths ta the
King, and Queen, 6rV. They drank an exceffive

«*** 855? ;thy:ti0'tid fT-end ; 5?is3nS2

nefs with SSSTrhri^ M L!qU°r had f° chilled aud be-

drinking ""mi>d their Nerves, that they could neither <*o
Coco- "or ftand: Nor could they return on board the
-JJIfc Snip, without the Help of thofe who had not been

?arra,r

Mr, WAFERS Voyages, &c. $ g i

rakers in the Frolick : Nor did they recover fa
er 4 or 5 Days Time.

rom hence we flood on ftill to the South, and r Gan^
e to one of the Gallapago-I&znds, lying underpays.
Line. Upon one of thefe Illands we found axan dTor-
it many very large Land-Tortoife, of that Sorttoife.e?*.
ch we us'd to call Hecate. Upon this Wand is
Water to be found, but in one Place, whither
)ferv'd thefe Animals frequently go to drink %

they go not into the Water.
\.t this Ifland there was but one Watering-place,
. there we careen'd our Ship. Hither many Tur-
Doves and other Birds reforted for Water ;.
ch were at firft fo familiar with us, that they
aid light upon our Heads and Arms ; infomuch
t for feveral Days we maintained the Ship's Com-
ty with them \ But in a little Time they began to
fo fhy, that we could kill none but what we fhot.
r;> are alfo Guana's very plentiful, which are very Guano u
xt Food. There grows a Sort of Wood in this,
: very fweet in fmelL JTis but a low Tree, not
ubby, but like a Pear-tree, tho' thicker ; and
1 of very fweet Gum. While we lay here at the
llapago\ we took in at one of the Illands there
o Packs of Flower, which we had formerly left
:re upon the Rocks ; but the Turtle-Doves hadp^^
soured a great deal of the Flower, for the Bags left there
expos'd to the Air.

When we left the Gallapago's we went cruifmg up Crmfing
i down about feveral of the Illands and Coatts of on the
ru °, the Particulars of which I mall not trouble^0™05
i Reader with. We had Engagements at Guvra,
tacha, and Pifia ; and the two laft very fharp ones,
t we took the Towns. There was with us then m
)mpany Captain Knight only i for the other two
>ffels that came with us from Amapallay had left
' at the Tiland Cocou ' Twas July 1686- when we

>- were

3 S2 Mr. W A F E R s Voyages, &c

were at Pifta, and Capt. Knight and we kept Com-
pany almoft all that Year.
Mo&keys Among other Places we were at the Ifland Gorgo>
and Oy- nia, where we clean'd ; and I took notice of feve-
gZoL ral.Monkeys there who lived partly upon Oyfters,
which they got out of the Sea at low Water,
Their way was to take up an Oyfter, and lay it upon
a Stone, and with another Stone to keep beating
of it till they had broke the Shell in pieces.

We were together alfo at La Nafea, which is a
2*mfea fmall Port, in the Lat. of 15 S. It affords Abun-
Wme- dance of rich ftrong Wine, fas Pifca and other Pla-
ces on that Coaft alfo do) tafted much like that of
Madera. 'Tis brought down out of the Country
to this Port, to be fhipt for Lima, Panama, or o-
ther Places. It lies here fometimes many Years:
ftopt up in Jars, of about eight Gallons apiece : But
the Jars are under no Shelter, but ftand expos'd to
the hot fcorching Sun •, being plac'd along the Bay,
and between the Rocks, every Merchant having
his own mark'd. We took in Store of this Wine.
Cequimfo. We were alfo together at Coquimbo, a large
Town with nine Churches in it, lying in about 29
S. Lat. Here we landed upon a deep Sand, in a
large Bay, which had a fmall River that ran through
the Country, and made its way out 3 Mile below
the Town. In this River the Spaniards get Gold
Its Gold higher up in the Country ; and the Sands of the Ri-
ftim. ver by the Seaj as the whoje Ba^ are aI1 bcfpang_

led with Particles of Gold ; infomuch that as w«
travelled along the Sandy Bays, our People were
covered with a fine Gold Dull ; but too fine for
any thing dfe ; for it would be an endlefs Worjt to
pick it up. This Obfervation I have made inibme
other Places along the Coaft, where any of thefe
Gold Rivers make their way into the Sea through
Sandy Bays ; for there the Sand is in a manner gild-
ed by them ? But all that is worth looking after is

Mr. WAFERS Voyages, Sec. ' 383

ip near the River's Head, or towards the Mountains
hey fall from, where the weightier Grains lodge -,
or none but this meer Dufl of it is waflVd down to
he Sea.

We went after this to the Ifland of John bernan-\. j0hn
h, where wecareen'd; and there Captain Knight Fernandf
eft us, making the beft of his way round "Terra del
Vuego to the Weft-Indies. But we were for coafting
t back again toward the Line : having with us a
3ark we had taken off Pifia.

Going off therefore from John Fernando's we
lood yet further South in going over to the Conti-
:inent, to the Latitude of 39 S. as well to gain a
Wind as to have the more of the Coaft before us.
We fell in firft with the Ifland of Mocha, which \ksl. Mocha*
n about 38 Deg. 20 Min. S. and wanting Water
md Provifion we came to an Anchor, and put a-
(hore there, about the Middle of December, 1686.
md ftay'd 5 or 6 Days. Here we were very well
relieved, for the Ifland afforded both Water and
frefli Provifion for our Men, all the Time we ftay'd.
The Land is very low and flat, and upon the Sea-
coaft fandy •, but the middle Ground is good Mould,
md produces Maiz and other Wheat, Barley, with
Variety of Fruits, &c. Here were feveral Houfes
belonging to the Spanijh Indians, which were very
well ftor'd with Dunghil-Fowl. They have here al-
fo feveral Horfes : But that which is moil worthy of
Note, is a Sort of Sheep they have, which the In- Its Sheep;
habitants call Camera de "terra. This Creature is
about 4 Foot and an half high at the Back, and a
very (lately Beaft. Thefe Sheep are fo tame, that
we frequently ufed to bridle one of them, upon
whofe Back two of the luftieft Men would ride at
once round the Ifland, to drive the reft to the Fold.
His ordinary Pace is either an Amble or a good
Hand-gallop ; nor does he care for going any other
Pace, during the Time his Rider is upon his Back.

His

384 Mr. WAFERS Voyages :, &c\

His Mouth is like that of a Hare ; and the Hair-lip
above opens as well as the Main-lips, when he bites*
the Grafs, which he does very near. His Head is
much like an Antelope, but they had no Horns
when we were there; yet we found very large
Horns, much twitted, in the Form of a Snail-mell,
which we fuppos'd they had fhed : They lay many
of them fcattering upon the fandy Bays. His Ears
refemble thofe of an Afs, his Neck fmall, and re-
fembling a Cammels. He carries his Head bend-
ing, and very {lately, like a Swan •, is full-chefted
like a Horfe, and has his Loyns much like a well-
fhap'd Grey-hound. His Buttocks refemble thofe
of a full-grown Deer, and he has much fuch a Tail.
He is Cloven-footed like a Sheep, but on the In-
fide of each Foot has a large Claw, bigger than
ones Finger, but fharp, and refembling thofe of an
Eagle. Thefe Claws fland about 2 Inches above
the Divifion of the Hoof-, and they ferve him in
climbing Rocks, holding fall by whatever they
bear againft. His Flefh eats as like Mutton as can
be : He bears Wool of 12 or 14 Inches long upon
the Belly •, but 'tis fhorter on the Back, fhaggy,
and but inclining to a Curl. 'Tis an innocent and
very ferviceable Beafl, fit for any Drudgery. Of
thefe we kill'd 43 ; out of the Maw of one of
which I took 13 Bezoar- ft ones, of which fome were
ragged and of feveral Forms ; fome long, refem-
bling Coral ; fome round, and fome oval, but all
green when taken out of the Maw : Yet by long
keeping they turn'd of an Aih-colour ; and I have
fome of them now by me.

The Spaniards told us, that thefe Creatures are
extraordinarily ferviceable to them at the Mines of
Potofi, (which lie a great way up in the Country) in
bringing the Silver from thence to the Cities that lie
toward the Sea ; between which Cities and the Mines
are fuch cragged Ways and da/igerous Precipices,

that

Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &c. 385

:hat it were almoft impofiible for any Man, or any
)ther Beaft to carry it. But thefe Sheep being la*
ien, and led to the Precipices, their Mailer leaves
:hem there to themfelves for above 16 Leagues,
ind never meets them till he himfelf has alfo fetch'd
t Compafs about $7 Leagues round. This their
>urenefs of Foot confifts folely in their aforefaid
Claws, by which they hold themfelves fo faft upon
;he leaft Footing, that they can go where no other
Seaft can. The Spaniards alfo inform'd us, that at
1 City they named, which has no Water within a
League of it, thefe Beafts, being bred up to it,
^vere wont to be laden with two Jars, like Panniers,
jpon their Backs, and away they would go, with-
out Guide or Driver ; and when they came to the
River, would lye down and rowl themfelves in the
Water until both the Jars were full, and then of
iheir own Accord, would return home with their
Water. The Spaniards added, that this Creature
will not nor can be forc'd to work after Day-light :
And we found them obftinate enough •, for when
once lain down, no Beating mould make them rife •,
but they would lie and make a whining or groaning,
:hough they were not tir'd, being but newly ta-
ken up.

We went from Mocha to the Continent, and kept
failing and touching along the Coaft of Chili, often
fending ourCanoas alhore, till we came to Copaya-R.ofco-
po, in the Lat. of about 26 S. We wanted Water, m*f-
md fo got afhore to fee if we could find the River
that bears the Name of the River of Copayapo. As
foon as we came afhore we afcended a Hill, in
hopes to defcry that River from the Top thereof ;
but contrary to our Expectation, when we came to
the Top, we had yet another fteep and very high
Hill to climb, and another after that •, infomuch
that before we reach'dthe utmoft Heighth, I fainted
for want of Water : But refrefning my felf with that

Vol. Ill, Cc of

Coaft.

386 il/r. W A F E R V Voyages, &c.

of my own, I at laft came to the Top of the third

Mountain, where we fat down and refted our felves

Sea-fhells under the Shade of a vaft craggy Rock. The Place

tops of where we fat was covef,d with Sand and Sea-fhells of
Hills.- divers Shapes and Forms; tho* indeed, which I
No shell- wonder'd at, there were no Shell-fifli on the Shores
fifc on the all along this whole Coaft. I have landed at many
Places of it, but could never find any. When we
had refted our felves in this Place, which was as
near as we could compute 8 Miles from the Sea, and
at lead a Mile in perpendicular above it, we looked
round us to fee for the River ; but to our great
Grief could difcover none. All this Land, as well
high as low Ground, is cover'd with Sand and Sea-
fhells, many of which are of the Shape of a Scar-
lop-fhell ; and thefe in vaft Quantities, in fome
Places, efpecially at the Feet of the Rocks, from
whence they are crumbled and driven down by the
"Winds : For in the very Mafs of the Stones of
Rocks there were, as I remember, of the very fame
Sorts of Shells. We were told by the Spaniards,
that at one Time of the Year, the Sun melting the
Snow that lies upon the Top of Mountains that are
a great way up in the Country, makes the River
that we looked for overflow. It may as well poffi-
bly be from Rains falling on thefe Mountains far
within Land ; for I never knew it rain on all the
Sea-Coaft of Chili and Peru ; but we could fee
Clouds hovering over the Tops of the Mountains
within Land, as we fail'd along the Coaft : And
once at Ark a we could not fee the Mountain's peek-
ed Top for Clouds that hung about it ; though at
another Time we faw it plain enough ; the Rains
then probably, being gone off from the Hill-Coun-
try : But as for Arica it felf and its neighbouring
Sea-Coaft, we were told by old Spaniards. Inhabi-
tants there, that they never had any Rain. I have
alfo been at one Time qf the Year alhore at the

River

No Rain
on the
Coaft.

il/r.WAFfiRV Voyages, &c. 387

River of Ylo, but could find little or no Water :
Yet at another Time of the Year there was Water
enough ; although I never knew of any Rain on
that Coaft, and the Spaniards told us, it never
rain'd there, unlefs far within Land : Yet they have
very great Dews. At Copayapo the Coaft is barren Barren
and defolate, and fo on each Side all along both Chi- Land.
H and Peru ; nothing is to be feen but^ bare Sands,
and naked Rocks, unlefs in a Valley now and then :
No Trees, Herbs, or other green Thing. Nor
did we fee any Sort of Fowl, nor Beaft or other li-
ving Creature : No People, nor fign of any j un-
lefs here and there a poor Town or Village, at as
forry a Port, with fcarce Water enough, at moft
of them, to admit a Cock-boat, unlefs at a Flood:
Elfe little or no Water, nor any Thing for Accom-
modation or Ufe.

Getting no Water at Copayapo, we Were fore'd
to put to Sea again, and flood along the Coaft to A-
rica, which is a Town of Peru, handfomely feated ArUat
in the bending of that Coaft, in the Lat. of between -,he Port
1 8 and 19 & Hither the Silver of Potofi is 'brought ^wSqI
down to be fhipt off for Pana?na, for the Harbour p0tofi.
is tolerably good, having a Road made with a little
Ifland lying before it, breaking the Swell of the Sea,
which is here very great and continually rowling
in upon the Shore, though fmooth as the Surface
of a River, here being little or no Wind to curl
the Waves. It dafhes fo violent againft the Shore, The^*-'
which is all along a high bold Coaft, though no- des.
thing fo high as the Mountains far within Land,
that there is fcarce any Landing hereabouts but joft
at Arica it felf. There is a little' River which Arica
ftands upon, and we would have taken in Water
there ; but there was no getting at any frefh, for
its Outlet Was among little craggy Rocks, and the
Sea-water dafh'd in among it. We landed here, and
ranfack'd the Place, meeting with little or no Re-
C c 2 fiftance %

388 Mr. WAFER'/r^«,.&c.

finance ; we got a few Hogs and Poultry, Sugar
and Wine ; and faw a whole Houfe full of Jefi-
its Bark, as I have faid already. I was here al-
fo formerly with Captain Sharp, when we had fo
fmart an Engagement that we loft a great Number
of our Men j and every one of our Surgeons was
kill'd befide my felf, who was then left to guard
the Canoas.
R. rlo : We went henee a little further to Leeward, and
water'd at the River Tio, where we got Oil-Olive,
Figs, and Sugar, with feveral Fruits ; all which
grow there very plentiful. There is an Oil-work,
and 2 or 3 Sugar -works. There are extraordinary
good Oranges, of the China Sort. 'Tis the iineft
A fine Valley I have feen on all the Coaft of Peru ; very
Valley, fertile and well furnifh'd with a Multitude of Vege-
tables : Though it has no Moifture but that of the
little River, (which they carry winding yp and
down among their Grounds in artificial Channels;
and the great Dew which falls every Night. The
Valley is the pleafanter, and fo are all thofe of Pe-
ru and Chili > for the difmal barren Mountains that
lies all about, and ferve as a Foil to them : They
are moftly fandy or black Rocks, like Cinders or
Iron-ftones for Colour.

In failing along upon this Coaft we were fome-
times put to it for Food as well as Water; and
once were fo Hunger-pinch'd, that meeting with
fome Sea-crabs on the Coaft, one of our Men,
Mr. Smallbones, eat them raw, and even Sea-weeds :
But others of us, whofe Stomachs would not ferve
for that Food, looking- about found a lean gall'd
Horfe graifing in a little Spot at the Foot of the
HilU which we prefently khTd, cut in pieces, and
making a Fire with Sea-weeds, eat the Flefh while
9twas hardly warm, leaving none, but carrying the
very Guts aboard.

I mail

Mr. W A F E R 's Voyages, &c. 3 H

I mall not purfue all my Coafting along this Shore
with Captain Davis i but two Particulars more 1
muft not omit : The one is, that we put afhore at
Vermejo, in 10 Deg. S. Lat. There we landed a-
bout 30 Men f of whom I was onej to fee for Wa- _
ter, or any other Refrefhment that we wanted, nrmj..
After we were landed, we marched about 4 Miles
up a fandy Bay ; all which we found covered with
the Bodies of Men, Women and Children ; which
lay fo thick, that a Man might if he would, have
walked half a Mile, and never trod a Step off aDeadBo-
dead human Body. Thefe Bodies to Appearance,^ .
feem'd as if they had not been above a Week dead 5 Numbers.
but if you handled them, they proved as dry and
light as a Spunge or piece of Cork After we had
b?en fome Time afhore we efpyed a Smoak; and
making up to it, found an old Man, a Spamfi In-
dian, who was ranging along the Sea-fide, to fand
fome dried Sea-weeds, to drefs fome Fifli which his
Company had caught; for he belonged to alum-
ina Boat hard by. We asked him many Queftions,
mSpanifh, about the Place, and how thofe dead Bo-
dies came there ? To which he returned for anfwer,
that in his Fathers Time the Soil there which now
yielded nothing, was green well- cultivated and
fruitful : That the City of Wormia had been well
inhabited with Indians: And that they were fo nu-
merous, that they could have handed at lfn, from
Hand to Hand, 20 Leagues from the Sea, until it
had come to the King or Tanca's Hand : That the
River was very deep, and the Current ftrong : And
that the Reafon of thofe dead Bodies was, that
when the Spaniards came, and block'd up and
laid Siege to the City, the Indians rather than lie
at the Spaniards Mercy, dug Holes in the Sand,
and buried themfelves alive. The Men as they
now lie, have with them their broken Bowsi and
Cc 3 th*

$4»ta.

3 9o Mr.WAVEK's Voyages, &c.

the Women their Spinning-wheels, and DiftafTs
with Cotton-yarn upon them. Of thefe dead Bo-
dies I brought on Board a Boy of about 9 or io
Years of Age with an Intent to bring him home
for Englavd: But was fruflrated of my Purpofe by
the Sailors ; who having a foolifli Conceit, that the
Compafs would not traverfe aright, fo Jong as a-
ny dead Body was on Board, threw him over-board
tojny great Vexation. *

This Place is a deep fandy Ground, of little Hills
and Valleys of Sand. 'Tis like the reft of this part
of Peru without Rain ; but it has Dews, and there
was the Channel of a fmall River ; yet 'twas dry
when we were there, % -

The other Particular I would fpeak of, is of our
touching at a Place called Santa, a fmall Town in
tneLat. of 8 Deg. 4oMin. S. Here I went afhore,
ana lo up to the Town, which was 3 Miles or there-
aoouts from the Sea. In our Way to the Town we
«•• * S°nS 1 f^€Hl11 * and ™ a Valley between the
Sore f and ^ T°Wn WC faW 3 fma11 ShiF of about
by an 6° °r \°° Tuns a.piece lodg'd there, and very rui-
Earth- nous- Jt caufed in us great Admiration, and we
quake w^e puzzled to think how thofe Ships could come
tnere : But proceeding toward the Town,, we faw
an Indian, whom we called, and he at the firft Mo-
tion came to us. We asked him feveral Queftions,
and among the reft, how thofe Ships came there?
He told us, that about 9 Years before, thefe 2
Snips were riding at Anchor in the Bay, which is
an open Place about 5. or 6 Leagues from Point to
Wane* and that an Earthquake came, and carried
the Water out of Sight; which flayed away 24
Hours, and then came in again, tumbling and
rowlmgwith fuch Violence, that it carriecf thefe
Ships over the Town, which then flood on the Hill
which we came over, and lodged them there; and

that

Mr. WAFER'* Voyages, &c. *$}

that it deftroyed the Country for a confiderable way
along the Coaft. This Report when we came to
the Town, was confirmed to us by the Panfh-Pneft,
and many other Inhabitants of the Town

We continued thus rambling about to little Pur-
pofe, fometimes at Sea, and fometimes amore •, till
havino: fpent much Time, and vifited many Places
we werePgot again to the Gallapago's, under the iLGg*
Line ; and were then refolved to make the beft ofP-i
our Way out of thefe Seas. >

Accordingly we went thence again for the South-
ward, intending to touch no where till we came to
the Ifland of John Ferdinando, In our way thither,
about 4 a Clock in the Morning, when we were in
the Lat. of i2Deg. 30 MSn. S. and about 150
Leagues from the Main of America, our Ship and^rih ^
Bark felt a terrible Shock 5 which put our Men in-* ^
to fuch a Confirmation, that they could hardly tell
where they were, or what to think;, but every one
began to prepare for Death. And indeed the Shock
wat fo fudden and violent, that we took it for
granted the Ship had ftruck upon a Rock : But
when the Amazement was a little over, we caft the
Lead, and founded, but found no Ground •, io that
after Confutation, we concluded it mult certainly
be fome Earthquake. The Suddennefs of this Shock
made the Guns of the Ship leap in their Carnages,
and feveral of the Men were Oiaken out of their
Hammocks. Captain Daw, who lay with his Head
over a Gun, was thrown out of his Cabbin 1 he
Sea, which ordinarily looks Green, feem'd then of
a whitifh Colour ; and the Water which we took
up in Buckets for the Ships ufe, we found to be a
little mixed with Sand. This at firft made us think
there was fome Spit of Sand ; but when we had
founded, it confirmed our Opinion of the bartn-Earth-
quake. Some Time after we heard News, Aat atq^e*
that very Time there was an Earthquake at C^£h*

392 Mr. WAFER S Voyages, tkc.

which is the Road for Lima ; and that the Sea eb-
bed fo far from the Shore, that on a fudden there
was no Water to be feen : And that after it had
been away a confidence Time, it returned in row,
ng Mo™ of Water, which carried the Ships in
tr. Road of Callao a League up into the Country,

S'B \ 'T htT w,tTh the Fort> "nd drowned
Man and Beait for 50 Leagues along Shore ; do-
mg : ^'fcnief even at £to, though 6° Miles within
i-and from the Town of Callao. This feems to

theVF^S TChKfU,Ch an,°ther Earthq^ke as that,
the Lffefts of which we faw at Santa.

I , ... ™ving recover'd our Fright we krnr ™ tr. fK„

J^Jf- Southward. Wefteer'd Sou&^eS Uk£

crly, until we came to the Latitude of 27 Deg. 20

Mm. S when about 2 Hours before Day/we fell in

with ;a fmall low, fandy Ifland, and heard a great

roarmg Noife, like that of the Sea beating upon the

Shore, right a-head of the Ship. Whereupon the

bailors, fearing to fall foul upon the Shore before

to&nH r ^%ta}* to Put the ShiP about, and
to ftand off till Day appeared j to which the Captain
gave his Confent. So we plied off till Day, and
hen flood m again with the Land ; which proved
to be a fmall flat Ifland, without the Guard of any
Rocks. We flood in within a Quarter of a Mile
of the Shore, and could fee it plainly ; for 'twas a
clear Morning, not foggy nor hazy. To the Weft-
ward, aoouc 12 Leagues by Judgment, we faw a
Kange of high Land, which we took to belflands,
for there were feveral Partitions in the Profped. This
Land feem'd to reach about 14 or 16 Leagues in a
Jvange, and there came thence great Flocks of
*owls. I, and many more of our Men, would
nave made this Land, and have gone afhore at it ;
m1 If CaP<-am would not permit us. The fmall
ihmd bears from Cafajapo almoft due Eaft 500

Leagues ;

Mr. WAFERS Voyages, Sec. 395

.cauges ; and from the Gallapago's, under the Line,

00 Leagues.

When we were arriv'd again at John Fernando's, 1. Mocha
hich was at the latter End of the Year 1687, we laid watte;
ean'd our Ship there, having quitted our Bark,
id flood over to the Main ; intending to get fome
f the Sheep of Mocha, for our Voyage round Ter-

1 del Fuego. But when we came there, the Spant-
'ds had wholly deftroyed, or carried away the
leep, Horfes, and all other living Creatures. Wei. Santa
ent then to Santa Maria, an Ifland in 37 Deg. S. Maria

1 Expectation of frefh Provifion -, but this Ifland aIfo'
as likewife deftroy'd : So we were forc'd to con-
:nt our felves with fuch Provifion as we had
rought from the Gallapago's ; which were chiefly-
lower, Maiz, Hecatee, or Land-Tortoife falted,
id the Fat of it tried, or made into Lard or Oil,
F which we got there 60 Jars. The Spaniards had
t Dogs afhore at John Ferdinando's, alfo, to de-and>£»
roy the Goats there, that we might fail of Provi- Fernanda's
on :. But we were content with killing there no
lore than we eat prefently ; not doubting but we
lould have' found Sheep enough at Mocba, to vic-
jal the Ship.

Three or four of our Men having loft what Mo-Someftay
zy they had at Play, and being unwilling tore-afo°reat
irn out of thefe Seas as poor as they came, would ^ J|//r"
eeds ftay behind at John Fernando* $, in Expedtati-
n of fome other Privateers coming thither. We
ave them a fmall Canoa, a Porridge-pot, Axes,
lacheats, Maiz, and other Neceffaries. I heard
nee. that they planted fome of the Maiz, and
im'd fome of the Coats, and liv'd on Fifh and
owls ; of which there is one Sort grey, and about
le Size of a fmall Pullet, that makes Burrows
1 the Ground like a Rabbit 5 lodging there in the
fight, and going out to catch Fifh in the Day :
or 'tis a Water-Fowl, and eats a little fifhy, yet

prcttf

394 Mr. WAFERV Voyages, &c.

pretty well tailed after a little burying. I hean
alfo that thefe Men were taken by a Privateer- Vef
fel which came thither a Year or two after ; an<
that one of them is fince come to England.

We were now ftanding out to Sea again, to dou
Terra del ble Terra del Fuego: We were in a terrible Storn
Zmgo. for about 3 Weeks before we came off Cape Horn

cfj^m We did not fee CaPe Horn-> beins a great way to th

South of it, and in the Lat. of 62 Deg. 45 Min. S
nor did we well know what Courfe to fleer, having
but very indifferent Seamen aboard. It was nov
about the Heigth of Summer here -, for I remembe:
that upon Cbriftmas day, 1687. we were juft cleai
of the Storm, and in the Latitude we mention'd,
off Cape Horn. Running hence to the Northward
Mauds of again, being now got out of the South Sea, we mei
Icc- feveral Iflands of Ice ; which at firft feem'd to be rea
I^and. Some of them feemed a League or two ir
length, and fome not above half a Mile. The big-
geft feem'd, as we fail'd by them, which we did be-
fore the Wind for feveral Days, to be about 4 01
500 Foot high. We founded near them, but found
no Ground ; fo that it may reafonably be conclu-
ded they were afloat •, and perhaps reached as deep
into the Water, as their Heighth was above it. We
faw no fuch Wand of Ice as I went into the South
Sea with Mr. Dampier ; neither did I ever hear that
Capt. Sharp met with any in his Return out of that
Sea. Thefe Iflands appear'd to us fo plain at
Night, that we could eaflly fee how to fteer clear
of them : But there were fome which lay under
Water, which we could not poffibly Ihun, but
fometimes they would ihake our Ship: Yet they
never did us much Damage. From thefe Hills of
Ice came very cold Blafts of Wind j infomuch that
our Men, newly coming out of a hot Country,
could hardly endure the Deck.

Mr. WATERS Voyages, &c. 395

In all our Pafiage round 'Terra del Fuego, the
Weather was fo ftormy for 3 Weeks, that we lay
o the Southward of Cape Horn, and the Sun and
itars fo obfcur'd, that we could take no Obferva-
ion of our Lat. yet, by our Reckoning, we were
ri very near 63 Deg. S. Lat. which is the fartheft
o the South that any European, probably, ever
?et was, and perhaps any Man. When we were in
Lat. 62. Deg. 30 Min. we began to think of fhift-
ng our Courfe to the Northward again, toward the
fitihiopick and Atlantick Seas ; and we foon brought
>ur felves to fland E. N, E. and E. and by N.
,nd kept much thofe Courfes for a great way...
[n our PafTage, we had allow'd for 3 Points Weft-
:r]y Variation : But when we came to have a good
Dbfervation we found that we had gone to theMifreck-
Eaflward, making our way E. and by S. Weeing the
mind therefore that we had miitaken the Variation atla 10cu
:>f the Compafs, fo that we concluded the Varia-
:ion to be Eafterly, and fteer'd away N. N. E. and
NT. E. and by N,

By this Means, when we came Into the Latitude
:>f the River of Plate, along Which we intended to
run, we reckoned our felves to be about 100
Leagues off Land ; and Hood in directly for the
Shore, not doubting but we fhould find it at that
Diftance. But we were then really 500 Leagues
pfF-, and having run fome hundreds of Leagues to
the Weft in the fame Latitude, and yet finding no
Land, our Men were out of Heart, fearing we
were ftill in a wrong Courfe, and being all in Dan-
ger of perifhing at Sea, through want of Provifi-
ons ; having little Food, and lefs Water. It pleas'd A feafoB-
God, during this Exigence, to fend us a Day's able Rain.
Rain, which fell very plentiful ; and we fav'd of it
feveral Casks of Water, which was a great Refrefh-
ment to us, and made our Men pluck up their
Jforts ft>r ftwe Time, But having run 450 Leagues

in,

396 Mr. WAFERS Voyages, &c.

in this Latitude, and ftiil finding no Land, which
they had expected to have ken in 100, this bred a
frefh Commotion, and we had like to have been al-
together by the Ears upon it. The greateft pare
were for changing their Courfe, which they thought
Deliver- muft needs be wrong : But Captain Davis, and
**&m*Mr' KmU theMafter> begg'd of them for God's
of peril- Salte to keeP the fame Courfe two Days longer,
ing at Sea. which they did, though we had but a fmall Wind:
And in that Time a Flight of Locufts and other
Infects coming off with a Flurry of Wind from the
Weft, affur'd us there was Land there, not far off.,
Had not this providentially hapned, we fhould have
chang'd our Courfe, for the Men would not be per-
fwaded to the contrary •, for a great many of them
were fo ignorant, that they would not be perfwa-
ded but that they were in the South Sea : And had
we chang'd this Courfe, we mould have flood out
to Sea again, and muft have perifh'd there.
Coaflby The Land we made, following the Direction -of

*fa» °f the FIurry and the Locufts> and String the Point
they come from by the Compafs, was a little to the
North of the Mouth of the River of Plate. We
put afliore here to get Water and frefh Provifion,
of which this Country afforded Plenty : And here
our Men having with them their Fufees, fpy'd a

fea-fwine.Herd of Sea-Swine, as we call them, upon a Point
of Land ; and were thereupon refolved to kill fome
of them to bring on board. In order thereunto
they contrived, that fome Men fhould flop the
Pafs that led up to the Mountain, whilft others
went in among them, and with their CutlafTes did
what Execution they could. But ftill as the Men
came near them, the Herd walked toward the Sea,
contrary to our Mens Expectation s for they hither-
to took them to be Land-Swine. There they flood
on the Shore, flaring at and admiring our People :
But when the Men came near enough, and were

Mr. W A F E R 's Voyages, &cJ $ 97

ift going to ftrike among them, the whole Herd
jmp'd into the Sea, leaving the Men in Amaze-:
nent, and forely vex'd at their Difappointment.
Jut at another Time they fhot and brought ori
Joard two of them which eat like Land-pork, ex-
ept fome fifhy Tafte it had. They were fhap'd
nuch like Swine, and had fnort Hair more briftly
han that of Seals ; and like them had finny Stumps
o fwim with, and were of a black Colour. The
Country hereabouts is well water'd, but without
my Inhabitants. Here is notwithftanding Abun-
lance of black Cattle, of which for feveral Scores
>f Leagues we obferv'd many Herds y with Deer
ilfo and Eftridges.

We faw a great many of thefe Eftridges, and EfirUgu*
bund Abundance of their Eggs on the Sand : For
:here me drops her Eggs upon the Ground, and
tis faid fhe never takes any farther Care of them -,
3ut that they are hatched by the Sun, and the
foung one fo foon as hatched follows the flrft Crea-
:ure it meets with. I my felf had fometimes a great
nany young Eftridges following me. They are a ,
rooliih Bird •, and will follow a Deer or any Crea-
:ure. The old Birds are here very large : I mea- -
fur'd the Thigh of one of them, and thought it
little lefs than my own. We have had feveral of
them on Board, and fome we eat •, but the old
ones were very rank, coarfe Food. Some fancy
that the Eftridge eats Iron : I believe juft as truly as
Poultry eat Pebble Stones, not as Food, but for
Digeftion, and toferveas Mill-ftones, or Grinders,
to macerate their Food in the Maw. The Eftridge
will indeed fwallow Nails or Stones, or any thing
you throw to it •, but they pafs through the Body as
whole as they went in.

Putting off to Sea again, we coafted along Brafil, Brafil
and thence toward the Caribbee-lfiznds ; where
meeting with one" Mr. Edwin Carter, in a Barba-
dos!

39 8

The A.
arrives in

Penjilva-
nia :

^ni Vir-
ginia.

Conclu-
fion.

Mr. WAFER'/ Voyages, &c.

does Sloop, I and fome others went aboard him.
and had of him the News of King James's Procla-
mation to pardon and call in the Buccanniers. Sc
we went in his Ship to the River de la Ware, and ur
into Pelfilvania, to the City of Philadelphia^ when
I arriv'din May, 1688.

There I ftayed fome Time -, after which I came
down the River de la Ware, as far as jipokunmmy
creek, with Capt. Davis and John Hingfon, who
was left with me on the Ifthmus : There we carted
our Chefts, with other Goods, over a fmall Neck
of Land into Bohemia River, which leads down the
great Bay of Chifapeck to Vomz-Comfort in James-
River in Virginia. There I thought to fettle : But
meeting with fome Troubles, after a 3 Years Re-
sidence there, I came home for England in the
Year, 1690.

The Natural Hiftory 399

4n Additional Account of feveral Beafts,
Birds, Fifties, Reptiles, &c. and particular-
ly many Trees, Shrubs, and Herbs, with
their Names, Ufe, Vertues, &c. as has
been obferv'd in thofe Farts. Communicated
by a Member of the Royal Society.

&##$#$##%###%*%#%##$%%%#*##

CHAP. I.
Of the Beasts.

u TP HE great Armadillo. Thefe live chiefly
A under Ground in watry Places ; they eat
Rabbits, dead Birds, &c.

2. The letter Armadillo. This is excellent Meat.

3. Round-headed Armadillo. This differs from
the two laft, in having but four Lifts round his Bo-
dy, the others have as many more.

4. Great Ant-Bear . His Food is Pifmires, which
he fucks in with a long Chameleon-like Tongue.

5. Small Ant-Bear. About the Bignefs of a Ra-
coon, he lleeps all Day, with his Head between his
Fore-Legs : His FJefti fmells like a Fox.

6. The Musk-Boar. He has fhort Ears, and no
Tail, eats like our Hogs, but is not fo fat.

7. The Bofchratte. A long Gender Animal with
a Woolf-like Head, its Hair mines, is white tipt
with black •, they live on Fowl

8. Wild-Cats. Here are of them of divers Colours ;
they live on Fowl which they greedily devour, af-
ter

40 o of thefe Tarts.

ter ftripping them of their Feathers ; they are not
to be tamed.

9. The Goat. Whilft a Month or two old, they
are finely fpotted with white, which wears out as
they grow older.

10. The Monkey Hare. He is covered with
brown Briftles, anekfeeds fitting like a Squirrel, is a
very fwift voracious Animal.

11. The Elephant Hog. Has a long flit Snout,
which he extends or contracts at Pleafure : He is
an excellent Swimmer.

12. The River-Hog. Feeds on Grafs and divers
Fruits, can fwim and dive well ; they make a hideous
Noife in the Night, braying like an Afs.

13. The Black Monkey. Is as big as a JVoolf, a
a fnappifh Animal, and not eafily tamed.

14. Satyr Monkeys. Are bigger than the laft, and
black like them, with very long Beards,; thefe are
very leacherous, and often fall foul on the Negro
Womem

15. The Shrew Moufe. Thefe are brown, with
three black Lifts along the Back, the Cats and they
are very friendly.

16. The Otter. Is black all but the Head,
which is brown, and a particular yellow Spot on his
Throat.

1 iy. The great Pongie. Is of an Afh Colour,

with a Mixture of black, their Tails are brown,
and near a Foot and half long.

18. The lefer Pongie. Is a very fmall Ape, in
length not above fix Inches, but his Tail ten, his
Head no bigger than a fmall Apple, has a fharp
Voice, and leaps nimbly ; they are very tender,
and cannot endure cold.

19. The Porcupine. Climbs Trees flowly, and
in coming down frequently holds by the Tail (Tor
he cannot leap J to prevent falling ; they are very
good Meat, efpecially roafted,

20. The

of theje Tarts*

20. The Pojfum. Is a ftrange Animal, and faid
to breed its Young at its Paps-, it having a double
Belly or Pouch, whofe Orifice may be ft retched a-
bove two Inches wide ; it climbs Trees and catches
Birds.

21. The Rackoon. Runs From Tree to Tree and
eats its Fruit ; they love alfo the Flefh of Sheep and
Fowl.

22. The Black Rackoon. Their Hair very ftiort,
rough and knotted.

23. The Collar & Rabbit. This is bigger than the
long Nofed, and is diftinguifh'd from the Common
by a white Ring about its Neck.

24. The Hog Rabbit. Is grofs and fat, with Hair
fhort, hard, and dark, fpotted on the Edges with
grey.

25. The Long-nofed Rabbit. Has fhort round
Ears and a long Snout, lives and eats like ours.

26. The Spotted Rabbit. Thefe have round Ears,
with white, black, and reddifh Spots : When tame
they grunt for their Food.

27. The Sloath. Is a very flow-paced Animal, ta-
king a whole Day in going fifty faces : he is about
the Bignefs of a middling Fox ; living on Trees,
eating the Leaves, but never drinks.

28. The Jlrip'd Squirrel. Is a pretty tame Crea-
ture, of a pale yellow, mixt with brown, having a
white Lift on each Side.

29. Tygers. Here are of two or three kinds, all
very fierce ; but their Flefh good Meat,

401'

Vol. III.

CHAP.

402

The Natural Hiftory

chap. 11.

Of the Birds.

1. THE Hunch-back. A Water Fowl, with a
* Duck's-bill, its Head black, Belly white,
Back brown.

2. The Spoon- Bill Its Back and Wings Flefh co-
loured, the reft white ; is good Meat.

3. The greater Bill-Bird, or Toucan. Its Bread
bright Gold, the Belly or Thighs red, Tail black
tipt with red.

4. The leffer Bill-Bird. The Body and Breaft
moftly yellow, with a red Circle crofs the laft.

5. The Cbriftmas-Bird. Is almoft as big as a
Pidgeon, it has about the Throat many Inch-long
black Watles ; it never cries but in December and
Beginning of January, but then may be heard a
great way off.

6. The King-Bird. An elegant Sort of Bird of
Paradife.

7. The Muftacho-Bird. He has on each Side eight
or ten thick Bridles franding both forwards and fide-
ways ; the Tail eight Inches, the two outfide Fea-
thers longer than the reft.

8 . The Unicorn-Bird. Has a Horn on his Head
above two Inches long, which is faid to be a great
Counter-poifon. The Female bigger than a Swan,
and the Male twice that Bignefs.

9. The Tellow-Breaft. About the Bignefs of a
Sparrow, partly yellow and Steel-blue ; thefe are
kept in Cages, and love to be five or fix together.

10. The Green-Cap. Is of the Chaffinch Size,
partly yellow and Steel-blue, but when it flies it ap-
pears ftreakc with black and yellow.

11. The

of thefe Tarts, 403

11. The Chaffinch. Has a Mixture of Afli-colour
and Sea-green ,; which laft in the Backs and Wings
fhines wonderfully in the Sun.

12. The Chatt. Has a black Tail with white
Tips.

13. The Curlew. His Head and Neck fprinkled
with white, the reft brown. It's pretty good Meat.

14. The greater Curlew. Is about the Bignefs of
a Goofe, moftly black. It's good Meat roafled.

15. The leffer Curlew. Is no bigger than a Hen,
found with the laft about Rivers.

16. The Scarlet Curlew. Is both a Land and
Water-Fowl ; and feeds as well on Flefh as Fifh.

17. The Silk-Diver. From the Softnefs of its
Feathers, its Neck a Foot long, and very (lender.

18. The Black- tufted Duck. The Shoulders of
the Wings white, the reft black, with a fhining
green Glofs : They are good Meat. Thefe fettle on
high Trees.

19. The bfock-\egg9d Duck.

20. The red-legg'd Duck. The Feet of thefe
when roafted dye both Hands and Linnen red.

21. The crefted Eagle. His Cry is like a Hen
that has loft its young.

22. The Pied-tail Eagle. Its Tail nine Inches
long ; the fix firft are white and the Tip, the reft
black.

23. The Bu 11- fine h. Head and Neck of a bloody
red, the Tail black, and three Inches long.

24. The Steel-finch. His Feathers black, with a
fhining Glofs like poliftit Steel.

25. The Yellow finch. His Wings and Tail of a
greenifh yellow mixtwith brown, the reft all yellow.

26. The Ruffet Kings Fifher. Is known by a
white Ring about his Neck.

27. The Gip. From its Note, of a Lark's Size -s
it's variegated with red, brown, and white.

D d 2 28. The

4<>4 Tffe Natural Hifiory

28. The Hook-bill' d Goofe. Is moftly black and
white, with a Hew of green ; it's very common a-
bout Rivers.

29. The Yellow-hammer. Is of the Lark's Size,
moftly yellow and black, except Tail and Wings'
which are brownifh ftreakt with green.

30. The Black-Head. Its Breaft and Belly of a
Mixture of white and yellow ftreakt with black
Lines.

31. The Blue-headed Water-hen. A beautiful
Bird, about the Bignefs of a Pidgeon, its Feathers
green and black 5 they are very common in moor-
ifh Places.

32. The Horn-wing' d Water-hen. Like the laft
in Shape and Bignefs, but fhort in Colour v it hath
on the Infide of each Wing a ftreight Horn or
Spur for its Defence.

33. The Black Horn-wing' d Water-Hen. Like the
laft, but moftly black, the reft green and brown,
the Horns are yellow.

34. The Red-headed Horn-winged Water-Hen,
Its Bill yellow and Spurs Saffron-coloured.

35. The Crejled- Heron. Is moftly grey and
white, from its Creft hang two black Feathers each
five Inches and a half long. The Meat is good.

36. The Notch-bill Heron, The Quill Feathers
are half black and green tipt with white.

3 J. The Pidgeon Heron. From its Bignefs, the
Body being fcarce 4 and the Neck 7 Inches long.

38. The White Heron. Its whole Body Milk-
white.

39. The White-Heron, with a Saffron- bill. His
Neck near one Foot and half long, and Bill 5 Inches.

40. The Yellow-Speckled Heron. The Back and
Wings are black, fpeclded with yellow.

41. Short-bill' d Hum?ning-Bird. Like Numb. 45.
but more beautiful ; near the Vent is a large Spot
of pure white,

42. The

of thefe "Parti.

. 42. The Grey Humming-Bird. Is of an Afh co-
lour, with here and there a Mixture of fhining red.

43. The Green-Golden Humming-Bird. For Shape
and Bignefs like Numb. 45. its Tail an Inch long*
pretty broad, and blue like polifht Steel.

44. The Rubine-headed Humming-Bird. This is
the molt beautiful of all, the Head and Throat be-
ing of an admirable Rubine furpaffing Defcription.

45. The Blew-tail'd Humming-Bird. It's wonder-
fully mixt with green, gold, flame colour, and
yellow, which Same admirably in the Sun ; its Tail
blue like polifht Steel.

46. The Brown-Tail9 d Humming-Bird. The Tail
an Inch long, of a fine brown, with a glofs of blue
about the Edges.

47. The Fme-TaWd Humming-Bird. His Body
moft Gold, half Fire-colour, and a little green,
his Tail handfome, broad, and an Inch and a half
long, of party-coloured Feathers, fome like the
Body, others half white and green.

48. The Fork-Tail' d Humming-Bird. This is Jef-
fe/then Numb. 41. and 45. and is known by its
forked Tail which is three Inches long.

49. The Tip-Tail' d Humming-Bird. This is the
leaft of all, yet its Bill is an Inch and a half long,
its Tail ends with its Wings, is of a greenifh black
with white Tips.

50. Jacu. A Sort of Pheafant fo call'd from its
Note.

51. The Kite. Its Feathers tawny, with white
and yellow Specks.

52. The White-breafled Kite. Like the lafl, but:
Bread and Belly white.

53. The Sea-lark. Has a white Ring about his.
Neck, and near it a Semicircle of dark grey ; it's
frequent on the Sea-mores, and Salt River Banks.

54. The Red-Maccaw.

405

Dd3

The

4-06

The Natural Hi/lory

55. The Yettow-Maccaw. Thefe are two Sorts
of large Parrots.

56. Meeuwe. Is as big as a Hen, and lays Eggs
in the Sand, which are like them, and well tailed,
but their Flefh is not efteem'd.

Sy. The Tit-Moufe. Is wholly black and blew.

58. The Green-headed "Tit-Moufe. Has a black
Spot above the Bill, and Circle of black encompaf-
fes the Beginning of the Back.

59. The Scarlet-headed Tit-Moufe. The Body,
Wings, and Tail mining black, the Thighs white
with Scarlet Spots.

60. _ The Great Wide-Mouth. Is as big as an Owl ;
when it gapes one may eafily put in one's Fift.

61. The Lejfer Wide-Mouth. Is no bigger than
a Swallow j it's black, fpeckled with white.

62. The Black and Red Hang-Neff. This and
the next build their Nefts at the Ends of the Boughs
of Trees.

63. The Black and Yellow Hang-Neff.

64. The American Oftrich. Its whole Body is
covered with grey Feathers. The Flefh is sood
Meat.

6$. The Heart-Owl. The Feathers ha ye a Mix-
white and pale yellow, fpotted with brown.

66. The Tricolour Horn'd Owl. Thefe are as big
as Geefe, finely mixt with black, white, and yellow!

67. The Little Tame-Owl It's of the Bignefs of
aTbroflle; and plays with Men, making divers an-
tick Faces.

68. The Black Parrot. Has an eretf: Tail fix
Inches long, common in Woods, it has but one
Tone, which it raifes in the Middle.

69. The Black and Red Parrot.

70. The Red-breafied Parrot. His Head, Breaft,
and Shoulders, viz. the Top of his Wings red,
the reft green,

ture oi

yi. The

of thefe "Parts.

71. The Blewijh-grey Parrot. Is very large,
and feeds on the Marocock Fruit.

72. The Blew-crowtfd Parrot. Is of many Co-
lours, viz. yellow, green, faffron, and blew. _

73. The Tripple-crown'd Parrot. His Creft is
blue with a Glofs of Black, and a yellow Spot in
the Middle. ttt. - ;

74. The Yellow-crown- >d Parrot. With the yel-
low is a Mixture of white.

j$. The Greater-green Parrot.

76. The Leffer-green Parrot. .

77. The Oe-Parrot. From its Cry. His Wings
above green with blue Tips, below fcarlet. .

78. Tellow-bellied Parrakeet. The Shape and Tail

like Numb. 74.

79. Blew-edged Parrakeet. As big as a Lark, the
whole Body light Green, the Beginning of its
Wings and the Borders of its Feathers are blue.

80. The Green Parrakeet. Thefe will grow tame,
learn to talk, and bear Handling.

8 r . The Brown-headed Parrakeet. Is a beautiful

Bird. t , _ L

82. The Scarlet-headed Parrakeet. Its Body 01
a pale yellow, this builds on Trees in forfaken Ant-
hills.

83. The Yellow-headed Parrakeet. His Back,
Wings, Tail, and Belly, are green.

84. The Long-tail'd Parrakeet. Is aoout the
Size of a Sparrow, all green.

85.. The Short-tail'd Parrakeet. Otherwife like
the yellow-bellied, Numb. 78.

86. The Yellow Parrakeet. Is all yellow except
the Tips of the Wings which are green ; has a long
Tail, and is eafily tamed.

87. The Partridge. Like ours, but of a dark
yellow, fpotted with brown.

407

Dd 4

88. The

The Natural Hiftory

88. The Great Partridge. Has as much Flem as
two ordinary Hens, and is well tafted, its Eess
are of a blueiih green. &e>

89. The Bare-Neckt Pelican. The greateft Part
of the Neck is one half white, the other black and
bare.

90. The Feather-Neckt Pelican. Has long Fea-
thers hanging about his Neck. The Flem is well
tailed.

91. The Crefted Pheafant. His Bill Saffron-co-
loured, its Head -covered with twifted fpiral curl
Feathers, which it raifes on Occafion.

92^ The Turky Pheafant. Is moftly black, roofts
on high Trees, and is eafily tamed. The Meat
good and iavoury.

93. American Sparrow. Is all red except the
Wings, Top of the Head and Tail, which are
black, the laft three Inches long.

94. The Black Sparrow. Has on his Head a
bloody Spot, moil of the Feathers on the Back and
part of the Wings have a blue Cad, the reft as
black as a Crow,

95. The Blueijh Sparrow. His Wings refemble
a Sea-green, the reft a blue Aft-colour, except the
Belly and Throat, which are of a mining Silver.

96. American Starling. All his Feathers are of a
fhimng black, except fome fcarlet Spots on his
Throat.

9J. The Tellow-breafted Starling. Hath on his
Head a white Crown.

98 . The Red-biWd Starling. His Throat yellow,
Breaft and Belly white, fpeckled with brown.

5)9. The Red-headed Starling. Is Male to the next.

100. The Yellow-headed Starling. The yellow"
places on the Head and Neck are fpotted with red.

1 01. The Long-tail' 'd Starling. Hath long Fea-
thers alfo on his Head, which he can erecl like two
Jriqrns,

102, Thq

of thefe Tarts.

102. The Pied-Stork. Its Bill nine Inches, the
ody black and white •, the Flefh eatable.

103. The Swallow. Is moftly white below, and
bove brown, mixt with grey.

104. The Black-tail The Body three Inches
>ng, and Tail four : it's moftly black and yellow,
ith a white Spot in each Wing.

105. The Ring-tail. Is green above, mixt with
fiery Gold, fo that it mines wonderfully ; about

:s Neck it hath a Ring of the fame, below it's dark
ellow, like Bees-wax, the Tail above three Inches

:>ng.

106. The tufted Feather-tail Has a fmall Body,
ut feems as large as a Pidgeon •, Its Colours are ve-
y beautiful -, the Tail has but two Feathers, and
hey very long, viz. ten Inches, and but one broad,
xcept near the Tip, which is two Inches.

107. The Black-Throat. Is of a Gold-finch Size,
tart Gold colour, the reft pale green.

108. The Throftle. Its Head and Bill bigger in
3roportion than the Body.

109. The Water Turkey. Eats very well*, he
lath a Tuft of Feathers ftanding upright on his
-lead, its Cry like a Hen Turkey •, and is heard a
rreat way off.

no. The Red-legg'd Turtle. Has a Mixture of
rrey and brown.

in. The White-leggd Turtle. Are good Meat
md very fat.

112. The Black Vulture. Feeds on dead CarcafTes.

113, The Crefted Woodcock. Has a Vermillion
HIead, the reft black and white.

1 1 4. The Red-breafted Woodpecker, The End of its
rail is bordered with black, the reft, and the Back
)f a fhining green, with a Glofs of gold and blue.

115, The Hang-neft Woodpecker. Has a Mixture
3f black and sky colour •, it builds an admirable
N"eft5 at the Ends of the Boughs of Trees.

116, The

409

4io The Natural Hiftory

116. The Crefied-yellow Woodpecker. Is mofth
yellow, the Tip of the Tail white, the reft dusky

117. The Black-headed Zip. Ics Breaft and Belli
whitifh, Back and Wings brown.

118. The White-headed Zip. h like a Sparrow
but black, with a white Head ; both thefe from
their Note.

CHAP. III.
'Of Fishes.

1. THE AwUfiJb. Its Fins black, and befides
A thefe it hath three or four Awl-like Prickles
on its Back and Belly.

2 The Silver Awl-fi/h. The Awl-like Spikes
black, the reft Silver ; it's often eat.

3. The Brown-Barbel Is fpotted with black ta-
ken in Rivers : It's good Meat.

4- The Fin-bearded Barbel About the Mouth it
has two fhort Beards, and two others eight Inches
long, and another pair as long near its Gill -fin •
and what is particular, at his Back-fin he has one
nine Inches long.

5. The Four-bearded Barbel Two of which are
very ihort, the other eight Inches long ; at the
Back-fin it hath a Thong nine Inches in length-
this is fomewhat paunch Bellied.

6. The Gold yellow Barbel. The Fins 'and Tail
grey j it has fix Beards ; the outer four Inches long
the reft fhorter : It eats well.

7. The Saffron Barbel Is full of brown Spots
and Warts.

8. The Saw-jinn- 'd Barbel Has a Lift of Prickles
along each Side j it's not much efteemed, having:
but little Meat. &

9. The

of thefe Tarts.

9. The Silver Barbel. Has four Beards each an
Lch and half long, and two others as long as the
ifh •, the Bite of this Fifh caufes great Pain and is
ird to cure, neverthelefs it's good Meat.

10. The Spotted Barbel. This eats well, and is
ery fat.

Is fat and good Meat, ea-

11. The JVater-Batt.

12. The Rock -beard.
ly skinn'd.

13. The Prickle-belly. Is a Foot long, with fil-
er Scales, and towards the Back fhaded with
rown : an edible Fifh.

14. The Bill-fijh. Its Bill fharp, hard and boney,
nd the upper jaw fixteen, the lower ten Inches
>ng, without Teeth or Notches •, its Back-fin very
irge and prickly.

15. The Blood-fijh. Is fix Inches long, and one
nd a half broad" •, its Scales of a fhining Silver ;
long its Side is a broad white Lift, which ihines
lot : thefe are eafily caught with Bread, &c. this
< ifh often bites Men, being very greedy of Hu-
nane Blood.

16. Bocamolle, or feft Mouth. Becaufe without
reeth : it lives in the Sea Mudd, but dies as foon as
aken out : it's good Meat.

17. Green Bodiano. About ten Inches long, and
hree broad ; this is a beautiful Fifh and eatable.

18. Tellow Bodiano. Is moftly Gold yellow,
Bead and Back Purple : good to eat.

19. The Bonito.

20. The Bra/em. It's about a Foot long, "and
five Inches where broadeft, of a Silver colour.

21. The Cannibal Is a Foot long, and half as
thick, very greedy of Humane Blood, thefe chiefly
delight in muddy Rivers.

22. The Lejfer Cannibal. Has a Snout fharper
than the next, is Silvery with a Shade of blue ; this
is not fo ravenous as the laft9

23, The

*la The Natural Hi/lory

23. The Sand Cannibal Has a Mixture of Gold*
red and blue and are caught at the Bottom of fan"
dy Rivers : they are all eatable.

24. The River-Carp. Its fhape, colour and tafte
relembles ours.

2j Sea-Carp. It's ten or twelve Inches long,
and three or four broad: It eats well

26 Cloud-fifh. Having four blackifh Clouds on
each Side its Back.

27. The fmall Corcovado. Is an edible Filh, its
Belly-fins white, the reft, with the Tail, Gold co-
Jour.

28. The Dolphin. Its Head, Back, Sides and
Fins are green mrxt with white, elegantly fprinkled
with blue Specks of feveral Sizes, it's a very fwift
Swimmer, and good to eat.

« 2& T^aKEikt Ismo% brown, darker
on the Back, the Belly Liver-coloured, the Tail
like a Snake : It's caught in Lakes and Ponds, and
is good Meat.

30. Jacob Evertfon. A large Filh, greyifh
brown, full of black Specks: Is good Meat

31. The Beards. Is about a Foot long, with
Alices IC eatSWeli' andis £aken in fand7

3\ T}lB^ Fim' Its Scale3 are red and filve-
ry , the : Belly-fins are white tipt with red, the reft of
a Bloody colour ; they are often prefervedin Pickle

33- The Party-fin. Is moftly deep red and fpot-

ted with divers Colours; the Back-fin next the

Head is prickly, the other End larger and fmooth.

• I4* *$TM Pany-fin. Is Moon-fcaled, fpeckled

with black; the Flefh tender and good.

35. The Sail-Fin. A flat Filh three Inches broad
and tour long, its Scales black, and mining like
Silk, and moft of them edged with yellow Semicir-
cles, he is remarkable for three broad Lifts, two ex-
tend into his Back -fin, the third round his Head.

tfx The

of thefe <Parti.

36. The Sword-fin. Is a large Fifh eleven or
yelve Foot long, and as thick as a Man •, its Scales
■e very like Silver fhining through ablueilh Shade,
hich is on his Back only ; its Flefh very boney,
id ought to be boiled long.

37. The White-fin. Is two or three Inches long %
's moftly white and Olive colour, along the Mid-
le of the Side is a broad fhining filver Lift : It's
iible.

38. The Flying Fijh. Is fomewhat bigger than a
lerring and fhines like them 5 its Fin-wings are
ery large and fpotted with black.

39. The Eel-Gar. Is two Foot long and very
ender j along the Side is a greeniih Lift, which
arts the filver Belly from the olive coloured back :
t's good Meat, especially fryed, is not boney ; it
-equents Salt Rivers coming from the Sea.

40. The Gate-fijh. Is pale yellow, fully fprinkled
nth fmall bloody Spots : It's good Food.

41. The River-Gilt. Hath fmall Scales with a
Jlufti of Gold towards the Back. They eat it.

42. The Gold Head. Has blue Streaks along the
>ides .; it's found amongft the Rocks -, and eats well.

43. The Hard-head. Is covered with Gold, Sil-
ver, and fine coloured Scales, good to eat.

44. The Black Hard-head. Is a Fifh found only
n Lakes and Ponds, his Belly whitifh, but all his
?ins, Back, &c. are black : It eats well.

45. The Brown Hermet. Is four Inches long •, he
lath two red Threads above his Eyes.

46. The Striped Hermet. Has deep Purple crook-
ed Lines on his Sides ; both thefe live amongft the
Rocks, and often Shelter themfelves in Sea-fhells.

47. The Horned-Hog. A fmall flat Fifh, with a
Horn on his Head, notcht on one Side only.

48. The Smooth Horn'dHog. Is much larger than
the laft, being near a Foot long, and four Inches

where

415

iv.

4H The Natural Hiji or y

where broadeft ; its Horn four Inches long an
taper.

49. The Sea-hog. Its Back blue, alfo two Lift
near the Gills, the Scales beautiful, being fpeckle
with green ; it's good fryed, but of no Accour
boiled.

50. The Hound-fiflj. Is two Foot and a hal
long -, the Flefh is dry, yet often eat.

51. The Jacket-fijh. Hath five black Girdle
and Tail of the fame Colour, a Peach-finn'd Back
It's good to eat.

52. _ The Iron-fifb. Is half a Foot long, the Bel
\y whitifh.

53. The Lejfer Iron-fifh. Has whitifh Scales
with a round Tail, thefe two, and the next an
edible.

54. The Soft Iron-fifh, Has a broad and wide
Mouth.

55. The Awl-pointed Knife-fjh. Its Tail running
into a Point of three Inches long, found in Rivers,

56. The Spotted Kmfe-f/h. Is a flat Fifh, blunl
on the Back, and Belly iharp like a Knife ; it's
caught in Lakes and eaten.

57. The Spotlef Knife-fifh. Not half fo broad as
the firft j it's taken in Lakes : Eats well, but boney.

58. The Lattice Fifh. Is very large, fome weigh-
ing above a hundred Pounds ; the Side-fins have
golden Edges, the reft Liver-coloured.

59- The Loufie Fi/h. Has cruftaceous Lice often
found on him.

60. The Great Mackarell Is feven Foot long,
and as thick as one's Body, it hath a crooked Line
on its Side, compofed of very minute Scales : Ic
eats well.

61. The Spotted Mackarell. Is like the lafl, but
much fpotted on the Sides with brown : It's good
Meat, but dry: this is a fhy Filh, and difficult to
be caught.

62. The

Gill-fins
a broad

of thefe Tarts.

62. The Moon-fifh. Is black and full of yellow
emicircles : good to eat.

63. The Red-Mouth. His Back and
;arlet, the reft edged with white ; has
lack Lift : Is very good boiled.

64. The Stone-Mouth. Is like a Carp, its Fins
re filvery with a Caft of Gold : It eats well.

65. The Bloody Mullet. From its Colour; it's
potted with black, and has a golden Tail.

66. The Needle Fijb. It's line-fpotted with blue
,nd green.

6y. The Gilt Pearch. Has feven Streaks on each
>ide,' fome golden, others of a mining brown : Is
rood Meat.

3 68. The Red-lifted Pearch. Is good to eat; has
arge filver Scales with a fcarlet Glofs ; near its Tail
s a large Spot.

69. The Rock-Pearch. Its Head is covered with
i rough Cruft, Flem coloured, the reft filvery.

70. The Siher-lifted Pearch. TheScalesare round,
fmall, and of a mining Silver, as is a Lift along its
Side : it eats well, is fometimes two Foot long.

71. The Spotted Pearch. Has a large black Spot
in the Middle of each Side, and another near the
Tail ; it's found in frefh Rivers and eaten.

72. The Yellow-headed Pearch. Has on each Side
two golden Lifts ; it's good Meat, found amongft

73. The Tellow-ftrip'd Pearch. Is found with the
laft, and eaten, .

74. Pieterman. A thick-headed Fifli fpnnkled
with black Specks-, it's eaten if the Liver and Gall
be taken out, otherwife poifonous.

j5. The Frog-mouth'd Porcupine. Has near each
Fin a black Spot, both above and below each Gill,
and another near his Tail, his Prickles yellow.

76. The Sea-Porcupine. Is 14 Inches long, and
22 round ; it's full of Prickles inltead of Scales.

77. The

4i6 The Natural Hiftory

j j. The Tellow-fitm'd Porcupine, Has near each
Fin a black Spot ; it fwejls and grows lank at Plea-
sure.

78. The Sand-fjh. Its Flefh very white, and eats
fhort.

79. The Saw-fifh. Is large and taper, with a
rough Skin and flanting Tail : They eat well, es-
pecially the young ones.

80. The Stale. A Sort of Shark.

81. The Shark. Has three Rows of Teeth on
each Jaw ; they are great Devourers : the young
are pretty good Meat.

82. The Heart Shark. From the Shape of its
Head : this is not fo dangerous as the lad, having
but a fmall Mouth.

83. The Thorn-back Shark. His Body black and
Belly very white, is accounted a very choice Fifh.

84. The Sole. Is caught in fandy Waters ; eats
well.

85. The River Souldier. It's mail'd fomewhat
like a Sturgeon, the Meat good ; they fay it getion
Land to feek for Water when the Rivers are near dry.

86. The Sprat. Is of the Shape and Size of a
Gudgeon, has no Gills ; is eaten.

. 87. Tlie Meer Sprat. Never exceeds an Inch and
a half in length ; the Fins yellow with a black Spot
near the Tail ; it's found in freih Lakes and Ponds,
is eaten.

88. Tellow-ftreakt Stock-fi/Jo. Has nine yellow
Lifts on ciach Side, the Belly filvery, is found both
at Sea and( in Rivers : It eats very well.

89. The Sucking-fijh or Remmora. Thefe are of-
ten found flicking to the Shark, and taken with
them.

90. The Odd-tail. A little Fifh, rarely exceed-
ing 4 or 5 Inches, it fwims ftrongly againft the
Stream in frefh Rivers : they are often eat roaft in
the Embers, firft wrapt in Leaves,

91. The

of thefe Tarts.

gi. The Male Hard-tail. Is 8 or 10 Inches long
and 2 broad* on his Side is a Row of round Pea-
like black Spots fprinkled with blue Specks ; its
Tail covered with a black Shell : it's a River FifK
and good Meat.

92. The Female Hard-tail Is like the Male ;
but without blue Specks \ its Belly alfo towards the
Tail is reddifh.

g%. River Tairera. Has a hard fhelly Head and
is much thicker than the next : it's edible, but very
boney.

94. The Sea Tairera. Is a Foot long and half as
thick, has a forked Tail, otherwife like an Eel •, it's
lifted with yellow Streaks and green : it eats better
than the laft.

95. The Great fmooth Thorn-hack. Its Belly white,
above Iron coloured with white Spots ; the Skin is
wholly fmooth ; its Tail above 4 Inches long and
taper •, not far from the Rump are two Fim-hooks
like Thorns 3 Inches long : one Fifti affords Meat
fufficient to fatisfy 40 Men.

96. The Smooth-tail1 'd Thorn-back. Is like the
next, but wants Waddles ; it's of a dark Colour,
fprinkled with black Specks : the Meat is good.

yj. The Waddle-tail; 'd Thorn-back. Is white be-
low, and Afh-brown above : it's good Meat.

98. The U^hip-taWd Thorn-back. Its Tail 3 Foot
and a half long, thick at fetting on, but ends taper,
and is very plyable •, it's full of black Warts.

99. The Warty Thorn-back. Is flat and round,
about 9 Inches over, his Tail 4 Foot long, with 2
thick horny Prides in the Middle, let backward to
offend ; the Belly white, Back Iron colour, with
black Warts in the Middle.

100. The Sea-fcad. Is of a dark red with black
Spots, has a Horn on his.Nofe which he turns back ;
its eafily skinn'd and ftuft.

417

Vol, III.

4i8 The Natural Hi/lory

ro i. T\\t Stone-tongue. A boney Fifh : but good
to eat.

1 02. The Triangle with Horns. Is full of black
Spots on the Back.

103. The Hornlefs Triangle. Letter than thelaft,
but broader Bellied and longer tail'd.

104. The Sea Trout. His Scales are filver with
grey Lines between, all his Fins are whitifh.

105. The Tuck. The Scales blackifh ; its Rapier
or Tuck is hid in his Side ; it's good Meat.

106. The Violin. It's taken in the upland Rivers
m ftormy Weather ; the Flefh intoxicates.

107. The River JVhishr. Has fix long black
Whiskers, but no Scales : it taftes well, and is fre-
quently eaten.

108. The Cod-fijh. h two Foot long-, the Up-
per-part dark grey, the lower filvery ; it's very fat,
and may be eaten either boiled or fryed without But-
ter or Oyl : thefe are faked and dryed in great
Numbers, or otherwife kept in Pickle.

109. The Ling, Is much lefs than the laft, but
faked like them and dryed ; the Flefh is dryer, and
and the Fat in boyling turns yellow.

CHAP. IV.
Of CruftaceousVisu, and Teftaceous Animals.

I, O H IP-Barnacles. Are compofed of five
*<* white Shells, but where joined, yellow.

2. The A-ibergreafe Crab. Becaufe he loves it,
and comes often afhore at low Water to find it. Of
a Wallnut Size, his Hookers white, his Legs and
Body grey and pale yellow.

3. The Apple Crab. Is finely fpotted and paint-
ed, with red, green, blue, white and brown, with

a red

of theje Varts.
a red Spot on each Side ; its Legs pale yellow ftreakt
with brown : it's good Meat,

4. The Bogg-crabb> Is as big as a Hen's Egg, his
right Claw much the bigger, with iharp Warts be-
low, its Belly pale yellow, above Olive coloured,
with yellow Edges : the Meat good.

5. The Great Bogg-Crab. Difters only in Bignels
and Colour from the laft.

6. The Female Bogg-Crab. Is lerTer than Numb. 4,
the left Claw bigger than the right, and very little
hairy. .

7. The Tborny-edg'd Crab. Its Claws are hairy
tipt with black. He is of a lively red, and holds
his Colour after boiling.

8. The Brown Heart-Crab. Its Legs and Claws
are white, blue and green mixt : they eat well, and
are fometimes taken at the going out of the Sea.

9. The Round Land-Crab. Runs Side-ways, and
fwiftly : They are good Meat, and found Plenty in
boggy Woods.

10. The Square Land-Crab. Is of divers Co-
lours, as blue, white, and dark brown, with red
varioufl} fpotted ; its Legs alfo variegated.

1 1. The Olive Spotted Crab. Is of a dark Colour ♦,
the Tips of his Claws, and Hookers blue, his Bel-
ly whitim mixt with fcarlet.

12. The Mandevill Crab. Comes out of his
Holes only at the Recefs of the Sea \ his right Claw
above 3 Inches long, very thick, and can hide his
whole Body, the Shoulder warty, the Claws ferra-
ted : it's eaten. .

13. The Moon-Crab., Is a large beautiful varie-
gated Animal : it fpouts Water out like a Fountain.

y 14. The Plumb-Crab. Its Body tufty coloured,
Legs deep Purple covered with pale Hair •, lives in
Salt Rivers.

15. The "Three-pointed Crab. Is as big as a Hen's
Egg ; the Body fpotted with brown, the Legs with
purplifh Specks, the reft white.
* * r Ee 2 16. The

420

The Natural Hifiory

1 6. The Square Crab. Is very fmall, of a Liver
colour, his Hookers dark red.

17. The Brown Crayfijh. Is four Inches Jong :
they eat it boiled. &

18. The Long-legged Cray-fijh. Hath a pale
Craft, long ftnped with thick grey Streaks -, its
Meat good to eat.

19. The Black Crevife, differs from Numb. 21.
only in Colour, and the Slendernefs of Its Legs.

20. The Land-Crevife. Climbs Trees, his Shell
black, fpnnkled with many yellow Specks.

•21. The Whltljh Crevife. Is all over fpeckled
with brown : Are found plentifully in the rainy Sea-
sons, and eaten boil'd.

22. Five Fingers. Each Ray half a Foot long; ;
thick-fet with curious Warts.

23. The -Branch* Five Fingers. Thefe Rays dif-
play themfelves each into feveral Ramifications,
netting one into another.

24. Nine Fingers. A Sort of Star-fiih with cut Rays.

25. The Sea-kidney. From its Shape ; it's flat,
and five Inches long, is brittle, and hath a Navel
or Orifice on the under Side.

2 6. The Sea-Locufi. His Body is full of Prickles,
as are its Horns ; between which are two Pair of
imooth Feelers.

27. The Sea-Mantifs. Is about a Foot in length,
and (lender : it's of Kin to the Cray-fifh.

28. Ship-Nuts. Are hard Shells, which com-
monly adhere to Ships like the Barnacles.

29. The Tree-Oyjter. Found commonly on the
Branches of the Mangrove, which grows by the
Sea-fide.

3°- The Shrimp. Is not much bigger than a
Filbert \ the Shell brown, the reft, with its Legs
yellowifh : it's eaten.

31. The Hermet Shrimp. Thefe are of different
Sizes and Colours ; are frequently found in Shells
on the Banks of Rivers. 32. The

of tbefe Tarts. 4*i

32. The Short-barn' d Shrimp. Like Numb. 30.
but its Horns or Feelers are fhorter.

33. The Broadrfquill. Has a fliort broad Body,
with notcht Edges 3 its Legs very fliort.

34 The Flat perforated Sea Urchin. This has a
Star in the Middle, with Holes thro' the Shells.

C H A P. V.
0/ Reptiles, as Snakes, Lizards, &c.

i.npHECwA Is 8 or 9 Foot long •, his
JL Mouth very large, opening beyond his Eyes,
their Eggs white, hard, and as it were warty ; they
tafte well ; you often find near 30 of them toge-
ther : the Flefli of the Crocodile is often eaten by
the Blacks. .

2, The Tree Frog. Is of a midhng Size, above
pale yellow, below deeper ; its Sides and Hind-legs
are ftreakt with black. u.

i 3. The Guana. Is green, with black and white
waved Lifts along his Back i from Head to Tail is
a notable green Welt, whofe Seam gradually lehens
downwards: boiled or roafted they eat as wen as
Fowl or Rabbits.

4. The Smooth-back Guana. Is black finely
fprinkled with white 3 towards the End of the Tail
it has as it were fix white Prickles, they love raw
Eggs : its Flefli is eaten. .

5 The ffa«£ Zizztfri. Is a friendly Animal,
for if it fees you in Danger of any hurtful Creature
whilft afleep, it will come and awake you.. They
are very common in Gardens and about the Houies.

6 The Blue-tail'd Lizzard. Is not thicker than
a Swan-quill, and but 3 Inches long 3 m Body
fourth and fquarifti j thefe are faid to be poifonous

Ee 3.

422 The Natural Htftory

and thirft after the Blood of breeding Women : and
they report, that if a Woman, or but her Cloaths
do touch this Creature, me will afterwards prove
barren.

7. The Fork-tail* d Lizzard. Refembles in all
Things the Houfe Lizzard, except his Tail, which
ends in two ftrait Horns.

8. The Long-tail' d Lizzard. Is no thicker than
one's little Finger; its Belly white with bloody
Spots, its Back finely ftrip'd and waved with Specks
between.

9. The S potted-tail* d Lizzard, Js waved on the
Back with brown Lifts, and has four Spots on the
Tail.

10. The Small Venomous Lizzard. Is four or five
Inches long ; it's brov/n markt with white Lines
mixt with yellow.

1 1 . The Coral Snake. Is two Foot long, and as
thick as one's Thumb, it's alternately fpotted very
elegantly with white, black and fcarlet ; the firft
and iaft are edged with black : it's venomous.

12. The Frog Snake. From his Food ; he is fe-
ven or eight Foot long, and as thick as a Man, is
taper and ends very iharp j he is Olive coloured,
with a yellowifh Belly.

13. The Great Goat-fnake. Becaufe fo large they
fan fwallow them whole, being above 8 Foot long,
and 15 Inches about \ finely markt with black and
white : its Flefh is eaten.

14. The Horn-bellied Snake. Near fix Foot long,
and half a Foot about ; it has near its Vent two
fmall Bird-like Claws.

15. The Houfe-fnake. Its Belly white, and Back
Iron coloured ; about 3 Foot long, and two Fin-
gers thick : thefe deftroy the Hens Eggs.

16. The Green Houfe-fnake, About as thick as
ones little Finger, and 2 or 3 Foot long_; has a
large Mouth, and is very poifonous,

17. The

of thefe Tarts.

17. The Rattle-fnake. Is pale yellow, with black
Spots : It's faid to be fo poilonous, that there is no
Remedy for it. _

18. The Circle-Dotted Snake. Is brown, with
two Rows of alternate yellow Spots fet in dark red

Circles

19. The Great [potted Snake. Is venomous and

fpotted like the Rattle Snake.

20. The Ring-tail' d Snake. Hath a mining fil-
ver Belly, the reft black and white ; he hath fix Gi-
ver Rings in his Tail, and as many fharp Teeth in
both Taws.

21. The Veado-fnah. In Length about 8 Poot,
with a Chain of black Spots along the Back, with
white Spots on the Sides furrounded with blacK.

22 The Terrapin or Land-turtle. Is covered with
a black Shell, the Scales triangular ; its Liver is
delicious. ^T _ r . _. ,

23. The Sea-turtle. Has the Nofe of a Bird,
Fin-like Feet ; and is of feveral Sizes and Colours :
its Flefli and Eggs are good Meat.

24 The heifer Turtle. Is about 10 Inches long,
and 9 broad ; its Tail fhort and pointed ; each
Foot has 4 black Claws ; their Eggs white, round,
and about the Bignefs of Pidgeon's, eat well fryed.

25. The Blind-worm. Is white and mining like
Glafs, with copperifh Rings and Streaks, lives on
Ants; it's faid there is no Remedy againft its
Poifon*

42 3

CHAP.

f*ff!

tf-H The Natural Hiftory

CHAP. VI.

O/Insects.

*' A^'a^A- ?reat Numbers both in the
** Wo0dsnanrd ^elds s and are univerfal Dc

vourers, as well of Animals as Vegetables
2. The Black Ant, h about an Inch long

In Vw- Fl^m«A"\ Hath four tranfparent yel~
lowifli Wings, with fad red Vein and Edges : the
Blacks eat the Bodies of them

4 The ^r^»/. Thefe have Wings, but on.
jy at certain Seafons. - 5

I ?{f*£l^^ Has a very mining Head.
Hfarfc ^ *'$?*-**' The Hives of S thefe are
bhck and hard, hanging from the Trees like Birds.

7- The Bujh-lee. Yields the bell and fweetefl
Honey ; it hives on Shrubs and low Trees, its
Combs hang down half a yard long

8. The Ground-bee. Thefe are found out by
imoaking them. y

9. Another Grounliee. Whofe Paper-like Hive
oCurs " Sugar"l0af ' thefe three & i like

ig The W^, Sticks his Honey to the Bo-
dies of Trees, inclofed in round Balls of Wax • this
and the next fling not. "

11, The Tree-bole Bee. Lives in hollow Trees :
its Honey is well tailed and very wholefome

rc. The fmall Black-beetle. Is round and mining.

:i3. The Bull-beetle, Is very large, with two
Horns on his Shoulders, and one from his Snout
turning upwards.

14. The

ef thefe Tarts.

14. The hair Bull-beetle. A large Sort of black
fhining Beetle, covered with yellowifh Hairs.

15. The crofs Goat-beetle. Is of a dark red mixt
with a fhining Blacknefs 5 thwart his Back is a yel-
low Lift ; his Horns yellow and black.

16. The Saphire-beetle. Has green Wings with
aGoldGlofs.

17. The Snap-beetle. Its Shoulders black with
yellow Edges, its Cruft-wings ftreakt with black.

18. The Tortoife-beetle. The Body of a golden
Luftre, the Edges Copper.

19. The Unicorn-beetle. Has a Mixture of black,
green, and gold, Ihines ; yet covered with fine
Hair. It fmells like a Goat, and has often fmall
ones about his Body.

20. The Green-bugg. His Head yellow, above
mixt with green ; it ftinks much.

21. The Scorpion-bugg. Is two Inches long, and
one broad; its Legs dark yellow, with black Spots,

and hairy. ,'*„ T •

22. The black Butterfly. Has flant green Lines

gloft with Gold.

23. The Black-rimm'd Butterfly.

24. The S trip' d-olive Butterfly.

25. The pale Butterfly with yellow Wings.
Edges of this is markt with black and white.

26. The Silver J "potted Butterfly.

27. The white Butterfly with brown Spots.

28*. The great yellow Butterfly with differing co-
loured Spots. .

29. The black Velvet Caterpillar. Has nine yellow
Rings crofs its Back ; its Head, Tail and T

30. The Golden Lifted, black Velvet Caterpillar.

31. The Grey-ring' d Caterpillar.

32. The green Caterpillar. Is fpeckled with
black, and has white flant Lines on its Sides.

33- The

425

5-2 $. The Natural Hiftory

33. The green and white Catter pillar. Has two'
yellow Lines its Length, and flant ones of the fame.

34. i-he fcarlet Horn>d Caterpillar. Has fome
^^xt with its deep red, the Belly, Sides, and

l3l' ThtcMaracock Caterpillar. Is hatcht from
tne iiggs of the Silver-fpotted Butterfly, Numb 26

36. The Night/hade Caterpillar. Is very black,
but Head and Sides white fpotted ; it's covered
with yellow Bribes: When thefe touch a Man's
Skin, it burns like Fire.

37. The Silk-worm Caterpillar.

38. C%w Are like Fleas, and frequently get
under the Nails of both Hands and Feet /and
there raife a great Itching and Lodge, except thev
are pickt out with a Needle. ■ r

39- The LocuSl '-cricket. Is fomewhat like and of
Ain to our Mole-cricket.

40. The Black-hairy Drone. Is mining and vel-
vety ; the Forepart of a whitifh yellow, with a
iL,ack Spot.

41. The black Silk Drone.

42. The mining y?//ow Drone. Is covered with
£ne Hair.

43. The Great Earwig. Is two Inches lono-
partly black and pale yellow.

44. The black Fly. Has mining Saphirine Eyes.

45. The Zkw /ty. Thefe towards the Evening
flock in great Numbers on Trees, and make a lone
continued Noifc.

4^. The iwv?-/fy. On each Side of the Upper-
part of his Body, is a round white mining Spot,
no bigger than a Muftard-feed -, through which it
cafts its amazing Light.

47: The Green Fly. Has a golden Glofs, with a
Saphire coloured Head -x its Wings fpotted with
dark red,

48, The

of thefe "Parts.

48. The Hairy "toddy-fly. A very large Beetle,
vith a long Horn from each Jaw.

49. The Scarlet Fly. Frequent in Gardens,
Woods and Fields in the rainy Seafons.

50. The Scarlet Fly with /potted Wings. Its Bo-
3y brown and green, the Wings 4-ound and black.

51. The Scarlet-wing & Fly. The Head and Up-
per-parts of a mining black , the Tips brown.

52. The Silver and Brown Fly. Has tranfparent
Wings fpeckled with brown.

53. The yellow Fly. Is a troublefome Infect.

54*. The Green-golden Gnat. Has two Wings of
the Colours of the Rainbow ; its Legs and Body

hairy.

5$. The harmle/s Gnat. Is a bufie Fly, but has

no Sting.

56. The flinging Gnat. Thefe are very trouble-
fome, efpecially in the Night.

£j. The flreak'd Hog-lou/e. Has crofs Lines of
dark yellow and black.

58. The Variegated Knot-horn. Is finely markt
with yellow, brown and blue , the Legs yellow and
black party coloured.

59. The Brown LocuSt. LefTer than the next.

60. The Green LocusJ. His Back and Belly red »
his under Wings are latticed with red, black, afh,
and green Squares.

61. The Grey Locuft. Is three Inches long, his
Pincers red.

62. The Leaf-like Locuft. His Body fhorter than
Numb. 60. his Back flat, and Head fmooth.

63 . The Greater Quill-LoMsJ. The Body of this
is warty.

64. The Lejfer Quill-Locutt. Is a long (lender
grey Infect, with fpotted Lines.

65. The Green Mantifi. Somewhat like a Lo-
cuft j but has. a long (lender Neck like a Camel,

427

66,. Ths

'$$$ The Natural Hiflory

t6' ^e fffi* Mantifs- Refembles a dead Leaf

67. The i Stiver Millepedes. Are larger than ours \
have fix Legs towards the Head, the laft pair
longeft. r

68. The great brown Moth. Its Wings are three!
Inches and a half Jong, and one and a half broad.

69 The Scolopendria. Is about four Inches lono-
and has twenty Legs on each Side.

70. The Flatting* d Scolopendria. Is black with
yellow Edges on the Rings.

71. The Scorpion. Is common in Houfes, and
very large ; with two Spines in his Tail.

72. The 'Triangular-back Spider. On his Sides are
fix fharp white Points, fpotted with dark brown.

73. The Great-hairy Spider. Thefe are very
common : they live on Flies and other Infe&s ; yet
can fubfift under Confinement a great while without,

74. The Houfe Spider. Its Back and Legs are
fpotted with black j thefe caft their Skin like the
laft.

m 75- The Leffer Houfe Spider. Carry their Young
in a round Bag under their Belly j they fpin in the
Night. r

76. The Grey-fpider, Is hairy like Velvet, and
fpeckled with black.

77. The Siher-fpider. h elegantly lhaped.
.78. The great Siher-fpider. Like the laft, but
bigger.

79. The Silver and Yellow Spider. This is ftreakt
with brown Lines, and makes Webs like the com-
mon.

■ Sci Th&*ort°ife-fpider. No bigger than a Pea >
its Shell hexangular, Silver coloured with black
Spots.

8 1, The Tick. A fmall Hat roundifh Loufe .
if any Body fits down in the Woods or Fields, this
Vermine prefently attacks him, and gets into his
Flelhu

82, The

of thefe Tarts.

82. The Steel-wafp. Has a very hard Body, not
cafily penetrable with a Needle, yet flick as Silk.

83. The Glafs-wing. Is a fmall oval Infedt, half
an Inch long.

84. The Houfe-worm. A Sort of >Scolopendria9
as thick as one's little Finger, and half a Foot long.

85. The Palm-worm. About two Inches long,
and as thick as the laft.

429

CHAP. VII.
Of Trees.

lHTHE Anda. Is a large handfome Tree, with
A fine yellow Flowers ; the Wood is put to
many Ufes : The Natives catch Filh with the Bark,
by throwing it into the Water, which fuddles
them.

2. Angelin-tree. They ufe the Wood hereof to
build their Houfes,

3. The Ball- Apple. Has Leaves growing by
Pairs eight or nine Inches long, and 2 or 3 where
broadefr. ; the Apple dark yellow, with 3 Seeds in
each.

4. The Bread- Apple. Its Flowers fmall and yel-
low growing in a long Spike. Half a Dram of the
Kernel drank in Water is an excellent Remedy for
the Flux.

5. The Musk- Apple. Bears fmall white Flowers
full of Thread : The ripe Fruit big as an Egg and
yellowifh : It flowers in July and Auguft , and bears
ripe Fruit in March.

6. The Stone-Apple. Is a fweet edible Fruit, a$
large as an Orange, yet its In fide fmells rancid.

7. The Copaiba Balfam. This Tree yields great
Plenty of a Balfam, very good in all Fluxes of the

Bowels.

430 The Natural Hiftory

Bowels. The Leaves are 4 or 5 Inches Jong and 2
and a half broad j the Wood is very red, and the
Boards they put to feveral Ufes.

8. The Banana. Its Fruit ftrait, fhort, round
and fragrant ; they are to be had all the Year.

9. Red-dye Bark. Becaufe it's ufed in dying that
Colour, by boiling it in Water ; its Outfide is grey,
within white.

10. Soap Bark. Is a Tree whofe inner Bark they
ufe either green or dry inftead of Spani/h-foap ; it
wafhing Cloaths beyond the Soap-berries.

11: The Bird-grain Berry. Its Leaves grow by
Pairs ; are finely veined, white and woolly below,
the Fruit foft and fweet, and eaten by the Birds.

12. Blue-berry. Becaufe ufed in dying that Co-
lour ; they will keep dry a long time ; when ripe
they are about the Bignefs of a fmall Cherry,
and are mightily coveted by the Pidgeons.

13. The Black- Ink Berry. This the Portuvuefe
call Preta. S J

14. The White-Ink Berry. Is a Pear-like Tree,
with large five leaved yellow fragrant Rofes ;
which flowers in Oclober and November.

15. Soap-berry. This Tree grows in many pla-
ces ; of the Fruit they make Buttons.

16. The Suck-berry. Is a tall Tree Tree ending
with 3 Leaves : the Fruit is ripe in April, which they
fuck the Juice of only, fpitting out the Skins.

ij. The Two Berry -tree. Its Leaves grow by
Pairs, as does its Fruit, which is yellow, of a Plumb
Size, and round : it may be eaten plentifully with-
out Danger.

18. Birch-wood. Becaufe like it, which they
put to feveral ufes.

19. Bird-lime Tree. Bears fmall Leaves like the
fenfible Plant; yields a clammy Pitch-like Gum,
which they rub on Sticks to catch Birds with, as we
do our Bird-lime,

20. Brafil-

of thefe Tarts.

2o. Brafil-wood. Is a tall thorny Tree, with Box-
like Leaves •, it flowers in December -, they are red
and yellow, and fmell like Lillies of the Failles.

2U The Calabafh-tree. Bears white and green
Lilly -like Flowers, but they flink egregioufly :
The Trees at certain Seafons lofe all their Leaves in
one Day, and in 2 or 3 more they will grow again.

22. The Canow-Tree. Is very large and much
brancht -, its Flowers are partly yellow and greenim,
very fragrant ; the Fruit about as big as an Apple,
covered with Hair, and when ripe breaks into three
Parts : Of the Wood they make Fiftiing and Fer-
ry-boats.

23. Cajhew-tree. Bears a Kidney-like Fruit, at
the end of a larger •, whofe Kernel roafted eats be-
yond a Chefnut : The Natives make Canows of its
Timber.

24. Wild Cajhew. Like the laft, but thefe
Leaves are very rough and hard.

25. Horfe CaJJia. Is a tall great Tree, with Fleih
Flowers, which may be feen at a great Diftance.

26. The Char done. Is a Sort of Indian- Fig or
Prickle-Pear ; with an edible deep red Fruit, as big
again as a Goofe Egg : good to eat.

27. The Cochineel-Chardone or 'Tuna. Its Leaves
from one to 4 Foot long -, fome 3, others 4 Square ;
the Flowers much lefs than the next, the Fruit 3
Inches long and 4 about, which by preffing fplits
Lengthways, containing a white juicy Pulp full of
Seeds : Thefe are eaten with the Pulp, and for
Pleafantnefs exceed our common Figs.

28. The Knobbed Char done.

29. The three Square Char done.

30. Birds Cherry. Bears a black Fruit much co-
veted by the Birds.

31. Myrtle-Cherry. Its Fruit black •, the Leaves
have an Aftringent or dry Tafte, but being rubb*d
betwixt the Fingers, fmell very ftrong.

32. Pepper

431;

43 * The Natural Rift or y

32. Pepper Cherry. The Fruit fcarlet, with eight
Furrows, taftes bitterifh, and fomething hot, like
Capficum or Cod-pepper.

33. The Trefoil, Spot led Cherry. It's Flowers
five Leaved ; the Fruit when ripe fwhich is in Fe-
bruary) bjackiffi, fpeckled with white, the Skin
peel'd off they are fweetifh, each as big as aGoofe-
berry, and contain 3 fmall white Kernels.

34. Tellow-cherry. Thefe they often eat.

35. The Coco-tree. Is a Sort of Palm every Bo-
dy knows.

36. Coral-tree. Grows about as big as a Crab,
is thorny and trifoliated ; its Bloffoms equal the
Flower-de-luce, are fcarlet and feen at a great Di-
ftance, but quickly fall off; the Pods are 1, 3, and
fome 5 Inches long, with as many Partitions as Seed.

3J. The Cork-tree. Is about the Size of a Line
or Bafs-tree, the Leaves like Walnut but (harper :
it bears pale yellow Flowers in great Tufts, and a
yellow Plumb, the Wood is reddiffi and light : of
which they make Corks and Stopples.

58. Ebony. Is a large Tree, with fmall dark
green Leaves ; the Heart of the Tree is a fad Olive-
colour near black : it's bitter whilft growing.

39. Thrum-Elder. Its Wood, Bark and Pith,
refemble Elder, and the firft fmells of it ; the Flow-
ers are fragrant, large and yellow like Primrofes
made of five Leaves, and fill'd with yellow and
faffron coloured Threads an Inch and a half long :
the Tree very beautiful.

40. The "Torch-Fig. A Sort of prickly Pear, on
the Leaves of which grow certain Warts or Excref-
cencies.

41. Silk-finger Tree. This bears 8 or 10 Leaves
on a 2 or 3 Inch Footftalk ; Star-fafhioned like the
Fire-root, fmooth above, and filky below : finely
veined.

42. Curl

of thefe Tarts.

42. Curl Flower. This Tree is large and ihady ;
of the Wood, which is' very hard, they make Wheels
for their Sugar-mills : the Tree looks beautiful when
in Flower, which is in October and November, they
being of a blue and white Colour.

43. Sweet Flower 'Free. At the Top of the
Leaves, which are whitifh underneath, grow Tufts
of fmall white fix leaved Flowers of a pleafant
Scent.

44. Tellow Hang Flower. Is a Tree with foft long
oppofite Leaves \ at the Top of the Branches grow
a Spike of beautiful yellow Flowers, which by a
crooked Foot-fialk hang downwards ; its Fruit of a
Currran Size.

45. Wall-Flower 'Free. Becaufe its Flowers are
like our fingle Stock-gillowflower, yellow and rather
fweeter than them, which are to be feen in December
and January.

46. All-Fruit: From its Plenty, being fo thick
fet round its Body, you can fcarce fee its Bark ;
they are about the Bignefs of a Lime, fweet, tem-
perate, and wholefome, pleafant in Fevers.

47. The Fuftick. Grows every where in the
Woods •, its Fruit is ripe in March.

48. The Genipat, or Ink- Apple. A Tree whofe
Fruit (tains like Ink.

49. Gum-Icica. ,The Bark of this Tree being
cut, yields a fragrant Rozin fmelling like Dill;
much ufed in all Wounds of the Head. -

50. Tellow Gum-Free. From the Bark of this al-
io flows a purging yellow Gum, which the Portu-
guefe call Gum Lacra.

51. The Chefnut Gourd. Each Fruit, has 5 or 6
very white Chefnut-Wke Kernels, which eat well.

52. The Orange Gourd. Contains 2 or 3 large
Kernels, which are not edible, but the Pulp about
them is, being fharp and a little bitterifh. A faf-
fron Milk flows from the Tree being cut.

Vol.. III. Ff 53- The

433

-434 7*<? Natural Hiftory

53. The &»g<rr /fe.*/. Becaufe it bears a £*/&»
fomtwhat like it, which fmells of Ginger ; the
Root has alio the fame Tafte and Smell.

54. The Greater or Male Iaracatla. Is a tall ftrait
thorny Tree, the Fruit of a faffron Colour both
within and without ; when ripe it's eaten either raw
or boyl'd : in March it renews its Leaves, and in
April and May it flowers and fruits.

35. The Female Iaracatla. Differs from the Male
only in being lefs in all its Parts.

36. CoiI'd Inga. Is diftinguifht from the follow-
ing in having its Fruit 6 or 7 Inches long, but odly
turn'd about like Pennid Sugar.

57. Feather-lnga. Bears a Tuft of fmall white
Flowers filPd with white filken Hair two Inches
long, tipt with yellow j thefe fmell fweet like thofe
of the Lime-tree.

58. Joynted Inga. They eat its Fruit, which is
well tailed •, it's ripe in May.

59. Rufty Inga. The Pods of this are flat and
covered with a rufty coloured Hair.

60. Iron-Wood. Is a great branched Tree with
fharp pointed Heart-like Leaves 3 or 4 Inches Ion* :
the Wood extream hard.

61. Black Lignum-Vita. The Wood hard and
fmells well.

62. White Lignum-Vitce. Its Flower buds fome-
what bigger than a Cherry-ftone, which opens into
5 Parts, difcovering a fingle, round, fweet, yellow
Leaf, on which are many white Threads, tipt with
yellow.

63. The Wood-Hmon. Has a thin Skin and ve-
ry juicy, with a few fmall Seed, which are hurtful
to the Teeth.

64. The Mangrove-tree. The Flowers of a yel-
lowiih green ; the Fruit is Food for the ferrapnes.

65. Match-

of theje Tarts.

65. Match-tree. The Natives make Ropes of the
Bark of this Tree, as alfo Match-cord like ours made
of Paper.

66. Mullein- tree. The Leaves very like them \ it
bears a Spike of yellow Flowers, and a Goofe-berry
like Fruit, which they eat.

6y. Bread Palm. Avery ufeful Tree to the Na-
tives, not only in making Flower of the Wood flic
and beaten, which they eat inftead of Cafava-brezd,
but with the Leaves they thatch their Huts, and
alfo being pliable they ufe them as Cords- Of the
Fruit they make an Oyl, the Kernel they eat j and
of the Bark they make Match to light their Pipes

with. ■ _ '

68. Egg Palm. Of the faffron coloured Pulp ;
they make a croceous Oyl, which they burn in their
Lamps, and from its Kernel they expreis a clear
Oyl, which they cook their Meat withal whilft
frefh i of the Bark of the Nut they make Tobacco-
pipes, and with its Leaves they thatch their Holl-
ies, make Mats, Baskets, &V.

69. Hurdle-Palm. Bears pale yellow three leayec
Flowers, and an Olive-like Fruit ; they make B
kets, and cover their Huts with its Leaves, ana oi
the Wood is made Hurdles to fold their Sheep and
other Cattle.

70. Yellow-Palm. Its Flowers three leaved, and
very fmall, with Threads, which and the Palm-bag
are all yellow •, its Fruit fmall, and Wood taper,
which they ufe in Building.

71. Bread-Peach. The Fruit of this tney eat
boil'd with Flefh and Fifti inftead of Bread > it hath
a large Kernel, which they alfo eat with it.

72. The Pitoma. Is a large branched Tree, the
Leaves grow by Pairs of divers Sizes, viz. from 3
to 8 Inches long ; the Flowers fmall, 4 leaved, of a
Straw colour, the Fruit oval, the Meat of a plea-
fant fharp Tafte, with a Stipticity or Drynefs.

F f 2 73 ■ &&*

43 5

8 !

4*6 The Natural Hiftory

73. Amber Plumb. Its Branches thorny, the
Flower 5 leaved, but very fmall ; its Fruit yellow,
pleafant, tho' fomewhat four and bitterifh • it ri-
pens in January and February.

74» Bay Plumb. The Fruit when ripe black, but

before yellow. '

75. The Kidney-Plumb, The Skin and Flefn is
yeilow, and fmells like Spanifh-fiap.^

76. Mangala Plumb: \ Its Flowers are like JelTa-
mtne, and very fragrant s the Fruit of a greenim
yellow, frequently fpotted on one Side with red •
the Kernel is very white and fweet tailed; and
therefore eaten with the Fruit, but not until they
fall off themfelves. *

77. Fire-root. The Natives make a Hole in a
Piece 01 this Root dryed, into which they put a
Stick of a certain hard Wood ; and by conftant
turning round, it creates Fire.

78. River Tree. Becaufe it always grows on its
Banks, and moots its Roots on the Water ; it bears
a beautiful Umbel of fmall 5 leaved fcarlet Flowers

79. Baljam Rofe. Its Leaves fmell like Rofemary
and Marjerom; the Fruit dark red, eats fweetifh
and gummy. It flowers in January and February :
the Fruit is ripe in April and May.

80. Heart Rofe. Bears an 8 leaved white Flower
refembhng a Rofe, and as fweet.

81. The Cup-tree, h very tall, the Leaves like
Mulberries notcht and crumpled ; it's Wooden
Fruit as big as a Child's Head ; having a Stopple
or Cover for its Crown, which it drops in March
and Aprik when ripe : Of the Wood they make
the Spokes of their Sugar-wheels, becaufe it bears
Moifture without Damage.

82. The Salt-tree. Looks like a Willow 5 from
its Leaves come 4 or 5 fmall 4 leaved pale yellow
Flowers, with as many black Threads in them •
thcfe Leaves yield a kind of Salt, as much of which,

you

of thefe Tarts. 437

you may take from 3 or 4, as will feafon a Mefs of
Broth. ; .

83. Yellow-tree. From its Plenty of large yel-
low Flowers, by which it may be known at 2 or 3
Miles diffance j at that Time having no Leaves,
they coming afterwards.

84 The flat podded Telhw-tree. Has 3, 4 or
c Leaves from one Bafe on 3 Inch Foot Stalks 5 it
flowers in December: they are Bell-fafhion'd, 2 In-
ches long, and cut on the Brims into 5 Parts.

85. Thorny Waga. A prickly Tree, with very
fmall Leaves, and thrummy white Flowers.

86. Cabinet-wood. Is a high Tree with blue
Flowers: the Wood ismixt with red and black, and
is much ufed in Carving, Inlaying, &c _

87. Camel-wood. Is a great Tree with a green
Ball-like Fruit, red within, full of fmall Fig- like
Seed : Thefe are eat by fome, but not much valued.

88. Milket Camel-wood. This Tree bears a white
JRoj^-like Flower, with reddifli Bottoms, each on a
long Footftalk : In the Middle of the Flower, is a
yellow roziney Pea-fized Button like Turpentine, but
of an unfavoury Smell. ■

89. Gum-wood. The Leaves of this Tree are
pointed, ftiirie, and grow oppofite 5 or r in a
Branch ; the Fruit red, in Shape and Size like a
Pifiacbio % which with the Wood fmell like the
Gumlcica. .

90 Boat-wood. Becaufe the Natives ma*e their
Boats and Canows of this Wood, either green .or

Z'u Holrwood. Is a large Tree, with a fmooth
grey Bark •, its Wood very hard : On the Top
Boughs of this Tree grow frequently an oddSort
of Mifletoe ; fpringing from feveral fharp pointed
ftreakt yellow Balls •, whofe Leaves are of a yellow
green, fix or feven Inches long, and very narrow,

Ff 3 92< %^

*38 The Natural Hiftory

92. Sugar-wood Is. yellow 5 of the Planks they
make Sugar Chefts : the Tree is tall, and yields a
brown fcemkkBalfam, with which the Natives bv
anojnting, cures the Worms in their Feet, a Difeafe
frequent amongft them.

CHAP. VIII.

Of S H R U B S.

HE Thorny Globe Acacia. Grows 8 or "9
Foot high 3 the Stem full of fmall crooked
bpines, the Leaves grow in Pairs, very like Solo-
mon sSeal, with 2 fmall Thorns between each Pair •
its Flowers pale yellow, and globular, compofed
of many fmall Threads ; the Pod a Foot or i6 In-
ches long, befet with fmall Prickles.

2. The Great Aloes. Bears a greenifh yellow
Flower, made of 5 Star-fafhioned Petals or Flow-

% u£aVS'3 they make g°od Cloath of the Leaves
or this Plant 3 and thefe or its Roots thrown into
Ponds, fuddles the Fifh ; fo that you may take
them with your Hand.

3. Mljletoe Aloes. This grows from the Boughs
and rotten Trunks of Trees 3 the Leaves are v?ry
like Aloes. \

4. Arnotto. Is a Shrub, with large cdrdated
Leaves 3 with 5 leaved Rofe-like Blufh-colour'd
Flowers growing in Clufters : they make a faffron
coloured Indico of the Seed, call'd Amotion with
whicn they dye raw Silk.

5. The Burr. Has broad Leaves ferrated and
pointed 3 its Burs grow in Rundles, 12 or more to-
gether : they are very troublefome in travelling both
to Man and Beaft, {ticking to their Hair, &%

6. Button-

of thefe "Parts. 439

6. Button-tree. Its Flowers fmall and yellowifli ;
the Heads are like Alder Cones. .

7 Brafil Cahvancies. Its Flowers yellow, with
red Veins; the Pods flat and twifted each hoW.ng
4whitePeafe, which tafte well : they flourrfh all

l\YC4ada. Rifes 7 <* 8 Foot fhiSh' #WS
one's Thumb, 6 or 7 Leaves grow from one Stalk,
Star famion 'd ; its Flowers fmall 5 leaved pak
yellow, and very thrummy in the Middle, us
& large as one% Thigh 3 or 4 1 Foot long, and
yields a thick Milk, which is deadly Poifon . Ne-
verthelefs, by boiling and ordering of it, they make
a wholefome Bread. ,,

!, b«/&i& Has a Rofe-hke Flower, yellow,
with a Purple Bottom-, its Fruit bears the .Cotton

,0 Bay-leaved Granadilla. The Fruit Fear-
fafhion'd/ when ripe of •B^.T^fe
fant to the Tafte and Smell ; it's full of black Hat

MUSB^alleaved Granadilla. The Flower fweet
and party-coloured •, Fruit like the lalt

,2P /Jj-taW Granadilla. Each Lea f fends 2
Inches and half diftant on an Inch Fowgt . on
which -rows a fmall, round dentated Lea , with
Treadim Tendrel joining to it ; the Frmt oval, of the

^it^l&etGranadUla. Has a Leaf »
5 Segments, and the Middle often fi^Jftfigf
Sides of a Fiddle; the Fruit yellowilh, and plea-
tnt both in Smell and Tafte • the Pulp croceous,
and will dye the Tongue of a Saffron colour.

ZtL 9MW <£**#«* Its Flowers rnofey
white, and fills well ; the Fruit yellow when

% ^SfiS— • The Ears
conlftof 3 Crated Leaves; the Fruit ^fwcet.

*4° The Natural Hiftory

f urple.1 Md WWte < thC Mldd,e 0f the Thread*
1 6 The ftinking, hairy, Bladder' 'd Gmnadilla

The Leaves cordated, and fmell like HevC
17. Hdp-treK Bears Willow Leaves and mem

tdn;cpwru,t' fomewhat iike »°p- m$
paiSs; F?::z3 or 4 Foot $& and «*$

19. Wite /»% Has a fpungy Stalk hairv

riSfct WhRe Fl0KW^ °f a D"if- Make and 6§*
the Stalks or Roots broken yield a blue Tuice

20. Love Apple Grows about a Yard high ; the

r bTf th-uat?' <£ft and prick,y' on the S. dd

Rio of the under S,de \ the Flowers * leaved of a
greemfl, ye W : the Fruit edible of a Medlar Size
StreTks " npC' bUt b£f0re iU wi* gre-

and' W^*-^ f W ^ Its StaJks thorny
and hoary, as are ,ts Leaves, and fomewhat ja-ged •

Wni \Qt an ApP'e Size> hoaT> yellowSand
'hinmgwh ennpe; ts Shell brittle is an Egg, the
1 ulp very fweet, and a grateful Food to the Ants

22. Hoary Uve Apple. & Branches and \%fe
both hoary and thorny; the laft has generally 7

23. 1% Afe^ ^: Bears a yellow five leaved
Flower m S,ze and Shape like a Da}odil ; thefe gro w

&& f Mhe,r °" Very lonS Pedic)es : the Fruk

ftmrng and olack, but whence are often found
cwPcy*

lov 4'fif f ''"^ £$*« • Its Flowers brown yel-
1 Clow. ' W1* 7e!,0W Threads : its Fruit '*e

rr 25'thSut"^' HaS iK Stalks and Leav« hai-
rj , then!* foft, grow oppofite, and are lightly

notcht :

■"■*

1 of thefe Tarts. 44I

notcht : the Fruit like Juniper, and black, fweet
tafted ; and are eaten by the Negroes.

26. Palma Chrifti. From the Kernels of this
they prefs an Oyl to burn in their Houfes, &c

27. The Nettle Palma Chrijii. The Leaves and
Stalk's are thick-fet with flinging Hairs ; the firft
are generally divided into 3 Parts •, its Flowers
fmall, white and five leaved.

28. Goat Pea. Each Stalk hath 6 Pair of Leaves
an Inch long, with one at the End, underneath
woolly : it bears a Spike of fmall, white Flowers
mixt with Purple \ after which come many half
Inch Pods like Goats Horns, each containing 6 or 8

Seeds. '

29. free Pea. Bears knotted taper Pods about
4 Inches long ; the Peafe dark yellow, fharp at one
end, with a Chink or Furrow along its Sides.

30. Pellitory "Tree. The Root is hotter than our
Pellitory, and like it draws a great deal of Rheum
from the Head : it's an excellent Remedy for a Go-
norrhea drank in a Morning as Tea ; it relieves alfo
in the Stone and Stoppage of Urine.

3 1 . Holey Pellitory. Refembles our common -,
hut the Leaves are performed like thofe of Oranges
and St. John's-vjort.

32. Penguins. Bears an edible Fruit, 5 Inches
long ; its Flowers blueim, with white Threads, the
Leaves very like Aloes.

33. Tail Pepper. Grows 5 or 6 Foot high ; taites
like long Pepper \ is gather'd in Ottober and Novem- •
ber, 5 or 6 Inches long, and fomewhat crooked :
The Root fmells like Thime, and wonderfully cures
Impofthumes.

34. Narrow leaved Tail Pepper, Is common in
the Woods •, the Fruit longer than the laft.

35. The Dwarf Plumb. Grows about a Foot
high,' bears Willow-like Leaves in Pairs ending

OngleJ

44 2 The Natural Hi ft or y

lingle, the Flowers yellow, as is its Fruit, and
fweet, but neverthelefs is not eaten

S6A-IhC AlUtr. Pkmk Has" Leaves thick,
roundifh and lhining: The Flowers 5 leaved

dTrk rTd ' ^ ^ Cdible' whenriPe of •

<- <P,5 Thf, GmT PIumh Is fweetifll and well
tailed, yellow when ripe, and full of fmall Grains ;
a Tea made of the Root, is excellent in Fluxes :
Of the Fruit they make a Marmalade, like that of
Quinces.

38 Rats-bane. The Leaves of this grow 2 or 2
together ; the Flowers red, but Footftalks Saffron
coloured ; the Root is an Antidote againft the Pol-
Ion of its Flowers and Leaves.

39. Blue-berried Rats-bane. Is a certain Poifon,
both to Man and Beaft. '

40. Balfamick Golden Rod. The Flowers or
Leaves bruifed, fmell like Storax ; the laft they ufe
in Pain and Rednefs of the Eyes.

_ 4 J . SM &'$* &£ The Leaves when dry are
black above, but white and woolly underneath.

42. The hairy Star-podded Senfible Plant Is
thorny with Leaves about one Inch and half iong,
which grow in Pairs, and are hairy underneath j the
Flowers are a fmall white thrummy Head • with a
gMh of Purple, which produces 10 or 12 hairy
Fods, which grow Star-wife, each about an Inch
long : The Leaves of this Plant fhut themfelves up
on the leaft Touch, but open again a while after

43 • The Round feeded Senfible. The Flowers pur-
phfh fet clofe into a Head; the Pods about 3 In-
ches long, rough and hairy : the Roots fmell like
Turnips.

44> The Square feeded Senfible. As large as a Slow
Bulb ; the Flowers and Pods like the laft, but
bigger,

45. The

of thefe Tarts.

45. The Rofe Senfible. The Leaves and Pods
grow like an open Rofe.

46. Mrctf Solomon's Seal. Has mining Leaves
growing by Pairs, each an Inch and half long, and
almoft as broad ; the Flowers white.

47 Golden Spike. A Shrub with oppofite Leaves,
fomewhat whitifh below •, at the Top of the Bran-
ches grow Spikes 6 or 7 Inches long, with 5 imall
leaved yellow Flowers, whofe Edges are deep red.

48. The Sugar Cane. Grows generally 6 or 7
Foot high, and 4 Inches thick, and about that Di-
ftance betwixt each joynt, but if longer they are
the better efteemed. .

49. Thorn-berry. Its Thorns grow by Pairs, as
does its Leaves, which are like Box, and generally
6, or 3 Couple ; its Flowers long, pale purple,
hang down ; are 4 leaved, with as many fmall
whi?e Threads: The Berries of the Bignefs of El-
der, of a dark Purple and ftain like black Cherries;
each has One fmall white flat Stone.

50. The Waved Torch. Its Leaves are thick as
Aloes -, the Edges of a dark red, and-notcht.

5 1. The White Tuft. A Shrub bearing at the
Top of its Branches a Clufter of white 4 leaved
Flowers, full of the fame coloured Threads an
Inch and half long : they fmell fomewhat like a
Rofe, and make a pleafant Shew. :

51. Yellow Violet Tree. The Leaves finely veined,
oval andferrated towards the Points ; its Flowers 5
Leaved, yellow and fweet as our Wall-flower, but
©f a deep red before they are opened,

CHAP,

|W The Natural Hifiory

CHAP. IX.
Of Herbs.

l-Vt°UNAD.A%***Ppk. Its FJowers five
IV leaved with Purple Veins ; the Fruit round
fmooth and when ripe yellow; fomewhat bigger*
Pe ear b: thefe are eaten boiIed with Oyl and

2. Pine Apple. Its Leaves refemble Aloes; the
Flower three eaved, and blue ; its Fruit very plea-
fan t and well known. y F

3- Amarainth-like Herb. Is woody, and grows a-

Hefd of ^°°n SSh ' ^ ^^ Branch C°meS a red
liead or imall Flowers on an Inch Footftalk fuftain-

ed by a fmall Nettle-like Leaf.

4' Zhue *:!»"*- Be^s long fiender white Flow-
ers, Willow Leaves, and knotty Stalks.

5. Avem. Rifes a Yard or higher, Branches at
the Joynts, where are generally 5 Leaves wing'd
and cut like ours. 5

6 W? */*fc j^,; Grow fometimes a Yard
iugh; it Branches from the Joynts, where are 2 fer-

f™n ^TCS S °rn6 ^rH63 l0n§ ' at the T°PS g^w
Eke aid ^M- 7 W Fl0Wers' fcentinS Somewhat

7- Battata's. Have Leaves fome cordated o-
thers angular, bears neither Flower nor Fruit ; the
Koot is rmlkey, very white within, and pale yellow

8 Red Battata's. Thefe are red throughout,
and tinge the Hands blue, and a Knife black

9- Sea-berry. Bears thick juicy Leaves like Purf-
law, but much bigger ; the Flowers tike a Gilly-
flower, 5 leaved and white, with black mining a

live

of ihefe Tarts. 445,

live fized Berries : the Flefh like that of a Black
Cherry. \ -hp Hi

10. Befom weed. From the Ufe they put it to -,
it's a Bum half a yard high, with oppofite Vervain
Leaves, from whence proceed fmall white 4 leaved
Flowers, which are fucceeded by round little Berries
full of dufty Seed. .

11. Hand leaved Bindweed. Climbs Trees and
Bufhes, the Stalk hairy and fpotted y has plain
Cinquefoil Leaves and ia white Flower.

12. JW<? Bindweed. Has cordated Leaves, with
a white pentangular Flower.

13. The Blite. Bears a Spike of green Flowers :
it's boyl'd for a Sailer, and eats well

1 4 Welted Broom. Rifes a yard high, with hai-
ry welted Stalks ; at the Top grow yellow Flow-
ers, with Pea-like Pods and greenifh Seed ; which
are' generally Worm-eaten. j

l5. Bur-budds. Its Branches, fome are upright
others bending; at the Joynts grow 3 or 4 ^f oft
Inch-long Leaves hoary below ; at the Top 01 the
Stalks are fmall pale Purple Flowers, whofe Bud
is fo fat and burry, that it eafily clings to your

Cloaths. 3 ' • 1 t t r

16. Tellow Buttons. Is alow Plant, with Hyi-
fop Leaves, and a Head of yellow Flowers cut to
the Middle in 6 Notches, with as many white
Threads.

17. The Three leaved Calabajh. Climbs tall
Trees-, it Leaves like the Cowitch: the Fruit lefs
than the common Calabafh, elfe very like it.

1 8. Ground Calavances. Has Trefoil Leaves with
fmall yellow Flowers ; it creeps on the Ground
with many netty Roots : to thefe grow Hazel-like
Nuts, in which are one or two fweet edible Kernels,
as pleafant as Peafe,

19. The

446 The Natural Hiftory

19. The Red Camara. Smells- finer than Mint ;
the Leaves ferrated and grow oppofite, the Berries
green.

20. The White Camara. The Flowers fweet
and the whole Plant has a Minty Smell.

21. The Yellow Camara. The Flowers yellow;
otherwife like the red.

22. The Clammy yellow Camara. Grows very
fall P the Leaves rough and hairy like Nettles ;
the Flowers 9 Leaved, with black Threads.

23. Star Campion. Grows about 2 Foot high,
with feveral woolly Moufe-ear Leaves ; at the Top
grow 5 or 6 blue five leaved Flowers, with a white
Star at the Bottom, and fome Threads of the fame
Colour.

24. Cone Cane. The Leaves 8 or 9 Inches long,
and 3 where broadeft ; at the Top grows a yellow
and fcarlet Cone j between the Scales come pale pur-
plifh Flowers, with many black Seed wrapt in a
Sort of Lint. The Stalk of this chewed for 8 Days
together is faid to be an infallible Remedy againft a
Gonorrhea^ without ufing any other Medicine.

25. Red Cone Cane.

26. Blue' Cone Cane. Its Flowers four leaved and
blue.

2. j. Red edg' d flouring Cane. Has taper pointed
veiny Leaves, with red Edges : Its Flowers made
of 3 or 4 crooked Leaves, of a Fire colour, the
Root cures Ulcers : they alfo eat it boyl'd or roafted
in hard Times.

28. Grape flowring Cane. Its Flowers of a blufh
red; the" Fruit grows in Clutters, the Bark juicy,
ftains like Black Cherries : they ufe it therefore for
Ink, the whole Plant very fweet, fmelling like
Ginger if bruifed.

29. The Fire coloured Flowring Cane.

30. The Yellow flowringCane. Like the laft, but
Leaves narrower.

31. Common

jpf thefe Tarts,

'31. Common Capficum. Grows 3 or 4 Foot high,
with a fcarlet pyramidal Fruit ; much Iharper than
the reft.

32. Cherry Capficum. The Fruit refemblirig it.

33. Small Cherry Capficum. The Fruit much lefs
than the laft, and pale red or yellowifh.

34. Crooked Capficum. The Fruit of thefe hang
down.

35. Great Capficum. Like the Common, but the'
Fruit thicker and deeper red •, the Leaves of this
grow fingle.

36. Narrow Capficum. The Leaves much long-
er and narrower than the laft \ the Fruit 3 Inches
long, red and taper.

37. Bock-leaved Catkin. Itsjulus like that of a
Walnut, 5 or 6 Inches long, thick and compofed
of 4 fquare Buds of a fine fcarlet ; the Fruit hangs
by 3 fine Threads, has a white Pulp and Kernel.

38. The Chardone. A Sort of Indian-bg grow-
ing on Trees and Shrubs ; the Flowers are compofed
of many Leaves, green, white and yellow ; the
Fruit oval, with triangular Points of a curious red,
the Seed black, and eaten with the Pulp.

39. The Winter Cherry. The Flowers are fmall
pale yellow, and five angled, with as many Spots ;
the Fruit of a Cherry Size : is eaten.

40. fall Chickweed. Grows 4 or 5 Foot high,
with fingle narrow hairy Willow Leaves ; the Flow-
ers are white with purple Bottoms.

41. Fifh-Climer. Has a welted Stalk, with 5 fer-
rated Leaves, viz. two pair, and one at the End ;
its Beans are red, with a black Kernel : thefe being
bruifed and caft into Rivers, intoxicate the Fifh.

42. Snake-Climer. Its Leaves whitim underneath,
cordated and umbilicated \ it's 8 leaved, Flower is
yellowifh, fmall, and of an odd Make ; the con-
torted Root an approved Remedy in the Stone, the

Leaves

447

44 S The Natural Hiflory

Leaves bruifed and applied, an excellent Antidote
againft all venomous Bites.

43. Three feeded Climer. Has cordated Leaves,
with fmall white 5 Starr'd Flowers, with a purple
Spot in the Middle ; the Fruit 3 Square, with as
many Cells, having in each one brown Seed.

44. Brown Cocks-foot. Grows 3 or 4 Cubits
high, the Spikes divided into 12 or 15 brown Fin-
gers ; each 8 or 9 Inches long.

45. Green Cocks-foot. Like the laft, but the
Spikes green, as alio longer and finer.

46. Sweet Cotton weed. Its Leaves woolly and
curl'd like Groundfel ; the Flowers grow towards the
Top of the Herb, refembling Wormwood, but
fmell like Dittander of Creet,

47. mid Cucumber. Its Leaves trifid, notcht and
hairy ; the Fruit of an Egg Size, prickly, yet
eaten.

48. The Grand Cow-itch. A Sort of Kidney Bean
with yellow Flowers ; its Pods broad, hairy and
rugged i it climbs Trees, flowers in June and July.

49. UmbellatedCyperus. Grows 3 or 4 Foot high,
and branches into 4 or 5 Stalks.

50. White headed Cyperus. Rifes a Foot high, at
the Top comes 7 or 8 white Heads (landing on
ihort Footftalks, guarded with 6 iharp Leaves.

5 1. &«2 p^i Daifie. Like the next but Stalks
and Leaves hairy and notcht about.

52. Smooth naked Daifie. Its Leaves 3 or 4 In-
ches long, and one and a half where broaderf , whi-
tifh below : it's a great Counter-poyfon, and very
good in Fluxes.

53. Slender Dock. Grows half a Yard high, with
many narrow Leaves and (lender Spikes, with very
minute yellow Flowers.

54. Stinking Dogsbane. Is a climing milky Plant,
with a yellow Flower and Fr»/V, fomewhat prickly

of thefe "Parts. 449;

like the Thorn-apple, in which are many Seed ad-
hering to a beautiful filver Down.

55- Apple-rooted Dragons. From the Refemblance
D.f its Bulb, grows 2 Foot high, its Stalk fpeckled
with green, yellow and white ; its Peftel when ripe
fpotted with yellow and red.

56. Four-lcaved-Earthnuts. Grows about half a
yard high, with two pair of Liquorifb Leaves, and
yellow Pulfe Flowers ; to its Roots are Pods fixed,
in which are two pleafant Kernels that tafte like Pi-
ftacbeo's, and are eaten boyl'd in their Deferts.

57. The broad Edder. The Leaves of this are
more pointed and broader, than the Round, and
double veined round the Edges -, they eat the Root
boyl'd as Potatoes, and the Leaves as a boyl'd Sallet.

58. Narrow-leav'd Edder. Has Leaves about a
Foot long, it flowers in April, green without and
white within.

59. Round Edder. Has a round cordated milky
Leaf; the Root of an Onyon frze, yellow within,
but reddifh without.

60. Scarlet Elder. The Leaves 5 or 6 Inched
long, trifoliated and ferrated : It flowers like Eldei
they are of a bloody Colour, without Petalcs.

61. Elecampane Everlafling. Becaufe its Roots
have the fame Scent •, the Flowers are compofed of
mining filvery Scales which never decay.

62. Climing Fern. This twines about feveral
Shrubs and Plants.

63. Notcht-leaved Fern. Grows 3 or 4 Foot high,
its Leaves 5 or 6 Inches long, bearing its Seed on
the Edges only.

64. Miter-headed Flax. Rifes about two Foot high,
and branches much-, its Stalks hairy, as alfo its
Leaves, which are long and pointed, putting out
here and there blood-red Flowers, with Flax-like
Heads mitred and bluntly triangular.

Vol, HI. Gg

450 the Natural Hi/lory

65. Dead-fcented Fleabane. Grows half a yard
high, dividing into oppofite Branches, where grow
3 or 4 plain Leaves one bigger than another ; from
thefe on 2 or 3 Inch Footftalks come yellow Daifie-
hke Flowers, without any Smell.

66. Dwarf Flower-fence. Rifes a yard high,
each Stalk hath 12 or more pair of Leaves like the
Senfible Plant, the Flowers yellow and Pods 2 or 3
Inches Ions:.

6y. Feather-flower. Grows half a yard high ; its
Stalks angular and knotty at every Joynt, where it
branches with two ferrated Leaves, but more in the
leffer, whence proceed fmall 4 leaved white feathery

■

68. The Horn-flower. Grows a yard high, the
Leaves 6 or 8 Inches long, fomewhat wrinkled and
lightly notcht ; the Flowers long, hollow and of a
curious red ; its Fruit round and filiated, with
imall Seed divided within like a Poppy Head.

69. The Paunch-flower. Is a fcandent Plant
with roundim Leaves ; the Flower is of a whitifh
yellow; its Shape fingular, refembling a humane
Paunch : to this is annexed a broad Membrane full
of red Veins.

70. Twin-flowers. Has from one Root 9 or 10
Branches, each near 2 Foot high, on thefe grow
Willow-like Leaves by pairs ; at the Top come out
white Flowers like Tanfy, but 6 Times lefs, on 4
Inch Footftalks, but always 2 together.

yi. Scarlet Fox -Glove. Grows 3 or 4 Foot high,
with Nettle Leaves oppofite ; the Flowers grow in
Spikes like the common.

72. Purging Germander. Its Zftntej grow oppo-
fite, round and ferrated, Flowers white, but very
fmall. A Drink of this purges and vomits
ftrongly.

ys- Ginger. Grows about two Foot high, with

Flag Leave:

74. Bottle

of thefe Tarts.

74 "Bottle Gourd. Bears a large white 5 leaved
Flower ; the Seed fiat and as it were forked at each

75. Ivy Gourd. A fcandent Plant with Ivy
Leaves: In the Fruit of this are 12 Seed in 3 Cells,
of whofe Kernels they make a clear Oyl, to burn
in their Lamps i but like the Kernel, it's too bitter
to be eaten. ,

76 The % Gourd. Its Fm* 15 Inches long,
and 1 1 about ; its Meat yellow, tafte unpleafant ;
and therefore not eaten.

77 Trifid-leaved Gourd. Runs amongft other
Herbs and Shrubs, the Stalks winged ; the Leaves^
rough and green with pointed Edges.

78. Grafs-flower. Has graffy Leaves about the
Root •, its Stalk near half a yard high 1 at the Top
grows a fingle fcaly Head, out of which proceeds
a 3 leaved Flower.

79. Feather-grafs. Near a yard high, divides at
Top into 25, or 3 (lender Spikes each 3 or 4 Inches

OI8o Square-beaded Grafs. Its Stalk triangular 15
and fometimes 20 Inches high y the Heads 4
Square, and feem to be made up of 5 Glands as big
as a Raifin, with 4 Leaves coming from its Bofom ;
thefe Heads fmell like Cbamomil

81. Pleated Millet-Grafs. Grows 4 or 5 toot
hio-h, Reed-like •, its Leaves finely pleated, like the
young Palmetto 3 the S/>to half a Foot long.
7 82. H«ry OtfW*. At the Top of tne Stalk
comes 7 narrow fharp X.^^5, about 2 Inches long,

the Infide very white at fir ft ■ fetting on jj m the

Middle of thefe grow CW-to'Seed.

83. Silver guakintrGrafs. Bears 5 or 6 ftender

5 ai*« 2 Inches long; no thicker than a Packthread ;

this from filvery, turns purplifh, and trembles wuh

ihQ Wind.

45*

Gg 2

84. Prickley-

45 i The Natural Hifiory

84. Prickley-feed Grafs. Grows from a 3 Square
Stalk to about 4 Foot &#, where grows many
fharp Grains, as it were fet with Prickles.

.85. Snake-Grafs. Grows about a yard high, the
middle Vein of the Leaves is white : If you are bit
in the Hand by any venomons Snake, the Poifon

W crn°ripreaf lf J0" ^e ^ about with this Gra/J.

86. White fin fd Grafs. Rifes 2 Yards A,VA and
has a white Lift in the Midft of each Leaf.

87. Itcbey Ground-el. For the Leaves which have
a fharp and hot Tafte, being boyl'd and wafh'd
with it, cures that Diftemper in any Part of the
Body : It grows a Yard high, full of long, narrow,
notcht, foft Leaves ; at the Top it branches into
many yellow Flowers, with downey Seed

88. Blue- Heart-wort. The Flowers which come
at the Lnds of the Stalks are wrapt in a fingular cor-
dated Leaf, which alfo covers the Seed.

89. Scarlet He art -wort.

90 Marfh Hemlock. Grows 2 or 3 Foot high in
the Water near the Banks, with Leaves 3 or 4 In-
ches long cut into 8 narrow pointed Segments, re-
iemblmg Horns, of a Smallage Tafte.

91. Clammy Horehound. Rifes near a yard high
and at every Joynt has 2 or 3 Branches j its Flowers
blue and 3 leaved.

92. Zfri Jeff amine. Rifes with a fmgle Stalk, ha-
ving oppofite Z*n;« 3 or 4 Inches long ; at the
Top grows many red Flowers fomewhat cut like
the Honey-fuckle.

93. Broad-leaved Knot-wort. Is a leaning Plant
i. e. between upright and lying on the Ground ; its
Leaves like Hyffop, grow 2 or 4 at a Joynt and
hoary ; from whence proceed Heads or globular
Whorl es fet clofe together.

94. Narrow-leaved Knot-wort. Like the laft,
but Leaves narrower and Knobs white.

95- Bafi

of thefe Tarts.

qc Bafe Indico. Grows a yard high with Sena-
like Leaves 4 or 5 pair on a Stalk : Flowers yellow,
Pods 6 or 7 Inches long, flattifli and fomewhat
crooked, containing 50 or more Seed -, it flounihes
all the Year. Applyed Poultifwife, it's good tor
Pains in the Sides.

96 Round-leaved Bafe Indico. Like the lair, but
Leaves rounder and end not fingle 5 they clofc in the
Nieht -, the Seed round, black, and fmall.

q7 White Water-lilly. Is very like ours, has 12
white Leaves in each Flower, and 4 green ones un-
der them. , "'"' _ 7. ,

08. Yellow-codded Loofe-flnfe. Grows 4 Foot ^,
branches much-, the Leaves hairy and taper at both
Ends : on a 2 Inch Footftalk ftands a Flower com-
pofedof 4 yellow Leaves, which are with the Cods
ripe from Auguft to November * ; _

90 The /#r Yellow-codded Loofe-firije. The
ifottWi ftand on Inch Pods, and the whole Plant
grows not two Foot high. ;ri_. r

100. CW*3i Ma/tow. A beautiful Plant often
10 Foot high, with hairy notcht Leaves, and fcleih
coloured tew; the black Seed, mining and 3
Square, the whole Plant very clammy.

101. Mtirlh Mallow. Grows 2 or 3 toot high,
with a 5 leaved Flefli coloured fcn

102' Af«j* M?/W. Its X^wi notcht, angu-
lar and hairy •, the Flowers purple at the Bottom,
the reft yellow and ftrip'd with the fame y thelweet
Seed grow in a 5 angled hairy Pod, in whicn Divi-
fions are 70 or more Seed. •, • « * c'jl

103. The yellow Mallow. Is ufed lnftead ot the

common. *•■,,■* 1 a

104. Mechoacan. A Sort of blum-coloured
Bindweed, purple within ; its Root very thick and

aI?o5. Balfam Mint. Grows a Foot or 2 high, it*

Stalks and Leaves hairy, the laft notcht, grows by

Gg3 £airs»

453

+*4 The Natural Hiftory

pairs, and refembles thofe of Nettles : it flowers all
the Year ; they are compofed of white and blue
in Shape and Manner of growing like Tan/y

1 06 Gray Mofs Mifletoe. Hangs down from ve-
ry tall Trees almoft covering them ; it's like Thread,
with here and there a few Rofemary Leaves.

107. Palm Mifletoe. From an oval fat Bulb-like
Knob, grows a Squill Leaf a Foot or more Ion*,
with 3 Ribs its full Length : thefe are faid to be
cooling, and very effeclual in eafing Pains.

108. The Manor rhis. Has a round Root of a
Filbert fize, with 2 or 3 velvety Leaves from 4 In-
ches to a Foot long 5 thefe have 2 Rows of fquare
bJackifh Spots on both Sides, as in fome Ferns ; at
the Top grow 3 or 4 yellow fcentlefs two-leaved
blowers, one of which is fpotted.

109. The Mujhroom Antidote. Grows 2 Foot
high, the> Leaves foft and infoliated"; its Flowers
i mall white and 4 leaved, kt in a double Spike of
little Leaves ; the Root of a biting Tafte like Petit-
ion : it's a great Counter-poyfon, and of fingular
Virtue agamft the eating of venomous Mujhrooms.

1 10. Urum Muftard. Has 6ngred Leaves like
Lupines, of a Marjerome Smdl ; the whole Plant is
clammy, and at the fetting on of the Leaves
thorny.

111. The Nettle. Grows 8 or 9 Foot high, and
the Mowers much more branched than ours.

112. Nickars. From the Likenefs of the Seed
to Marbles fuch as Boys play with ; it's a thorny
Bum about the Bignefs of Bryar 5 its Leaves like
Liquorrfn, the Flowers yellow, and the Pods
prickly.

113. Black Night-Jhade. They ufe it much in
rhyiick ; the Birds love their Berries.

114. Occoemh. Has a thick crooked bitino-
Root, with broad Leaves, green above, but rufty

mow like a Fern,

115. Short

of thefe Tarts.

s i c Short Oker. Grows about a yard High, the
Flowers yellow like the Holly-oak, with a dark Pur-
ple Bottom : they eat the green Pods boyl d with
Pepper, OyUnd Vinegar.

xi 6 Cone Orchis. Has a Tulip-like Bulb, which
boyl'd, they eat as Tarns j it bears 3 or 4 long white
fcalv P7^r;, at the Top of a Tingle Stalk.

II7 Hollow-leaved Orchis. From one i^/ grow
« or 6 S/*Z*i, with a fingle hollow Leaf on each,
from whence rifes a Spike of fix-leaved purplifh

Fl7iT'star Parjly. Grows half a yard high, and
its Leaves fomewhat like W Pm** «» ^"
pale Purple, fmall, and grow m Spikes, the ic^
fmells like Par/fy. . . ,

no P«zr/ W. From its Shining and Rard-
nefs s it rifes with 4 or 5 yellowilh Stalks trom one
Root, with hairy L«w/«, finely lerrated. _

120 Rundle Plantain. Becaufe it bears its f^-
«! inWhorles, compofed of 3 white Z^,
which grow on a Plantain-like Stalk near a yard
hio-h ; angular above, but round below.

°i2i. Strata* Po/yp^. Grows about a yard
*jg£, with ferrated Leaves four Inches long, alter-
nately fet. ■ ' ■ t- A1-
122. 3nyb/^ Po/jM- Rl,« ^ 0/ * Fon°nt
*ig* i its Wj have a fourfold Row of Spots on
each Side the middle Rib. .

L, 6ml P«w*w. Its *Wj ftr!ated' T^'
but fomewhat nattiih, mixt with ;white and j*d,
but within yellow •, boyl'd or roafted in the Embers

h ^White^eaM Purjlain. This they pickle
and eat with Fifh and Flefh ; - it taftcs well, and 1,

^Iftsmooth-purple Purlin. The Leaves X^
Lavalder, thick and juicy, the Stalks take Roo
G g 4

45 5

The Natural Hiftory
purep7ey J°ynt ; '" FkWerS Penta?«al°us and

126. Woolly Purflain. Bears a five-leaved yellow
Flower like ours, fet in a Rofe of 8 green Leaves
.« Seed foall and black, lying in Woll with Xh
alio the Branches are covered '

127. Black Maiden Hair. Grows 2 Foot high
and bears rufty Seed. * »

1 2 8 *K* M«i,« /fey. Becaufe the Stalks are
covered w,th a white Meal, otherwife like thelaft

129. Green Melon. From the Colour of its
Meat : thefe are often eat before Meals

130. Water Melons. Are very p]eafant, growing
as big as one's Head, and round , it's red where hf
Seed lies and white near the Shell , they are to to
fed all the Year, but moft plentiful about «n>

131. The Arrow Reed. From its Ufe ; thev

grow about 20 Foot high, has fometimes a Branch
or 2 towards the Top the £*«,„ near 2 yards long
132.1 iK Thorny Reed. Grows 20 Foot or high-
er, its Leaves about a yard and half long, grow al-
ternately, 7, 8 org on a Branch, which ^thorny
at fetting on: thefe, if not cut down in a few
Months, flop up the Roads, fo that Travellers can

ZF:Si theyw'fe lhem in "*r Journeys over De-
Jerts to carry Water in

danfmyS? fSS^Z^L" HaS, «* «*

Flowers vellow

partly creeping and upright, its

n^Roje podded^Reft-harrow. Grows a Foot

135- Dwarf Rofi. fo H«r, pale Purple re_

f^n ng ,T °fe^r' but the Seed-veffel %ery
fom «S hdmg a,fiatU(h brow"Seed; the ^ 2
lomewnat hairy and grow by pairs.

J 3 6. fiPBz'fc

of thefe Tarts. 457

136. White Rott. Refembles ours, but the
Leaves are notcht : they ufe the Roots ("which fmell
and tafte like Parjly) to take out Freckles.

137. Angola Sallet. Becaufe the Leaves and
Flowers are eaten by their Blacks ; it bears a Leaf
about 4 Inches long, with 3 cordated fmall Leaves
about a Bell-flower.

138. Sarfaparilla. Is a thorny Bramble ; at the
fetting on of each Leaf, which is 3 or 4 Inches
broad, and fometimes 10 or 12 long, come out 2
Tendrels which fix themfelves to the neighbouring
Plants : Its Berries grow in Clufters, of near the
Cherry fize, and wrinkled like them when dry,
each has 1 or 2 hard Stones, with a white Kernel.

139. Oil Seed. Its Leaves whititfi, grow moftly
oppofite ; the Flowers of the Shape of Fox-gloves,
but fmall and white -, the Pods are 4 Square, which
when ripe fheds its brown Seed.

140. Semper vive. Sends forth 20 or more fharp
thorny edged thick Leaves, a Foot or 2 long -,
whence rifes a double Stalk of yellow hollow Flow-
ers cut into fix Parts.

141. Silver-head. A fmall leaning Plant, bear-
ing a filvery Head, with purpliih Threads, which
fmell faintly of Violets.

142. Snake-Herb. Is fomewhat hairy ; the
Leaves grow oppofite, ferrated and whitifh under-
neath ; at the Joynts come fmall green* Flowers with
a Blufh of red •, the whole Plant is milky : being
bruifed and applied, it's an excellent Remedy a-
gainft the Bites of Serpents or other Wounds.

143. White Snake Herb. Somewhat larger than
the lafi ; the Flowers tetrapetalous and white : the
Milk of this is faid to be good to take away the
Pain and Rednefs of the Eyes.

144. Soldanella or Sea-bindweed. The whole Plant
is very milky : it Units its Flowers after Noon.

145. Rofemary

45 8 The Natural Hifiory

145. Rofemary-Ieaved Solomon's Seal. Grow-
near a Foot ^, and divides into many Branches"
■ }& tog1* Sorrel. It, Leaves and L/fe very
juicy like Purflam ; the Top of the Stalk fhuts in-
to another 3 fquare one, with triangular Branches,
on which grow many purple five-leaved Flowers:
the Plant has a grateful Sowernefs, and is much ef-
teemed as a Sallet.

147. White Sorrel Grows 7 or 8 Inches bigk,
with Leaves like Muftard ; at the Top grows a long
Spike of fmall white Flowers like our Mwp 6W/

148. The £>///. Has 3 or 4 £a*wj near half a
yard long, and about 4 Inches where broadeft, net-
ted with green Veins.

149. Rats Tail. Grows near 2 Foot high, each
J?74 £ 5' °r morena™w notcht Leaves
of different Sizes ; at the Top grows a taper Spike
a Foot long, filPd all about with blueifh Flowers
or 5 Z.^j, each fmelling fomething like a ^H

brofder ^ Like the Jaftj but Spikes

151. Germander Rats Tail. Its £^Wi grow in

pairs ferrated and hairy, the i<Wj Hand on a

» ,SJPK,are four-]eaved and red, refembling
Jsatcbeuor's Buttons. to

152 Citron Thime. Grows 4 or 5 Foot Art,
branches at each Joynt, where grows 2 marp-Point-
ed notcht hemes % its Flowers fmall and pale blue
growing m a Spike 2 or 3 Inches long : This Plant
has a grateful &<?«/ of Ctoww mixt with Bawm,
which it retains fome Years dry.

153-foad-bane. Becaufe it's faid the Leaves or
*jc* rubb'd on a fW; Back immediately kills him :
1 his Herb is alfo a great Counter-poyfon againft
*lVan°jm0ltS Creatures> the Leaves chewed bite like
Muftard; they boyl it with Fi/h.

154. Love

of thefe Tarts. 459

154 Love trefoil Bears a Spike of purple
Flowers •, its Pods refemble the Horfe-Sboe Vefck, but
being rough, they eafily ftick like a Burr to the

Cloaths. rii ; ; . ,

155. Prickly trefoil. Grows about 2 Foot high,
fpreading into many prickly Branches ; its Flowers
of a greenim white, ftand on Inch Footftalks •,
the Plant fmells like Fanugreed.

156. Blueijh turnfole. Grows a yard £%£, has
hairy Borrage Leaves ; at the Top grows a Spike
10 or 12 Inches long, befet with blue and yellow
Flowers, which produce triangular Seed, like Buck-

wheat. .'. „

157. White turnfole. Like the laft, but Stalks
bigger, Leaves fofter, Flowers five-leaved and
white, Seed round. _

158. The Dijfentrick Vomit. This is a leaning
Plant \ towands the Top of which grow 6 or 8 vei-
ny foft Leaves ; amidft thefe comes a fmall Head
of a dozen or more five-leaved white Flowers,
which are fucceeded by dark red Berr'm^ each in-
cluding 2 fmall Seed \ it grows in moift w'oods.

159 Umbellated F/harle. Is a fmall leaning Plant,
with a quadrangular hairy Stalk and Nettle Leaves
growing oppoiite; from thefe come a Tuft of
deep Purple galeated Flowers {landing on a long
Footftalk. .

160. Tellow-willow Herb. Grows a Foot fogp,
has Swellings on the Stalks near the Root ; its
Leaves grow alternately, are notcht and hairy, at
the Top grow 3 or 4 yellow five-leaved Flowers,
with Threads of the fame.

161. twine-wood. Bears Tufts of fmall white
five-leaved fweet Flowers ; the Leaves are 4 Inches
long, ferrated and pointed.

162. Purple Tarn. Its Root, Stalk, and Veins of
its Leaves being of that Colour,

46o The Natural Hijlory, Sec.

163- St. Thorna Tam. Is fo vaft a Creeper that
one Plant wjll quickly cover a fmall GaXn , i

*^ th,e L^>» g^w by pairs and cord*
lit' \R0% k?e> ks °«erCoat brown, the
Inner yellow* ■, the Meat white and full of milky

164- Round Tarn. From the Root which is
wh.te raw but when boyl'd red : it's a drayling

ft ^h/C°rrdatedri:T^Land f°metimesear'dS

thP L , r f"- J"*? beinS of that Colour,
the Leaves fingle and cordated.

lAn

4^1

An Expedition of a Body of Eng-
lHh-men to the Gold Mines of
Spanifti America, in 1702.
with the many fir ange Adven-
tures that hefel them in that
bold Undertaking. By Na-
thaniel Davis.

BEing fenfible that many Times there is but
little Credit given to Adventures of this
kind s and that the bare affirming of this
Relation in particular to be true, will hardly go
down with fome People, without better Autho-
rity • The Reader for his further Satisfaction, is
defired to take Notice •, that this is really^an Ac-
count given more at large by one of the Adven-
turers, of what was but very briefly and defect-
ively inferted in the London-Gazette, of February
8. 1702. in Words to this Effeft, which mall
ferve here as the Contents of that which is to
follow. That 9 or 10 Engli/h Privateers, had at-
tacked a Place upon the Continent called Tolw
Cor rather Teh) about 10 Leagues from Cartha-
gena, which they took, plunder'd and burnt ;

• and that from thence they failed to Caledonia,

• rowed up the River of Darien, and ingratiating
< themfelves with the Indians, were by them con-
6 duded to the Gold Mines of Sanffa Cruz de Cam,

'462 DAVISV Expedition

6 near SanSa Maria ; and that after they had march-
< ed 9 Days, they fell in with an Outguard of the
c Spaniards, of whom they took g ; but the others
« efcaping, gave Notice at the Mines of their Ap-
' proach. So that the richeft of the Inhabitants
' fled with their Money and Jewels : that however,
e the Englift took the Fort and pofTeffed themfelves'
" of the Mines, where about 70 Negroes remain'd,
\ whom they fet to work during the one and twen-

* ty Days they continned there ; in which Time

* they got about 80 Pounds Weight of Gold, be-
6 fides feveral Pieces of Plate, which they found
6 buryed in the Ground by the Inhabitants ; and

* that at their Return they burnt the Town, and

* brought away the Negroes.

DavisV Expedition to the

Gold-Mints.

YN the Year 1702. Colonel Peter Beckford, Lieu-
-* tcnant-Governour of the Ifland of Jamaica, ha-
ving granted Commiffions to the 4 following Sloops
to go a Privateering againft the French and Spani-
ards, viz. the Baftamento, having 74 Men and 8
Guns, under the Command of Captain John Rajh ;
the Thomas and Elizabeth, Captain Murray, 63
Men and 8 Guns ; the Phcenh, Captain Plowman,
56 Men and 8 Guns, and the BleJJing, Captain Brown,
79 Men and 10 Guns. We fet Sail from Jamaica
the 24th of July, in order to make the beft of our
way to the Spanijb Coaft.

On the 28th, at 6 in the Evening, they made the
Ifland of Palma: And next Morning, the Baftamen-
to and the Bleffing, flood clofe in to the Shore ; it

being

to the Gold Mines y &c.'

being agreed that the other Sloops mould ftand lit
to the Weil-end of the Ifland •, and about 9 Captain
Rajh ordered the Canoa, to be mann'd and arm'd,
and went himfelf to fee if they cou'd take any Peo-
ple in order for Guides •, but at 6 in the Evening
return' d without any Prifoners.

However, obferving 2 petty Oagers fthat were
cut out of a Tree all of one piece; under the
Shore, the Captains Rajh and Browne took one of
them, with an old and young Man in it, but no
Money. The other in Company, Captain Browne
fired at, but could not come up with ; fo he made
hisEfcape. But for all this, our 2 Prifoners could
give us but little Intelligence, for they knew nothing
of a War j but faid it was expected by the Spani-
ards. Neither could Captain Murray's 2 Prifoners
he took upon the Ifland, which were an Indian and
a Negroe, give but little Account of any Thing we
defir'd to be inform'd in.

Hereupon our Commanders confuking together
what to undertake, it was agreed, that Capt. Browne
and Capt. Murray fhou'd go into jtyoloe which is a
rich Town, and Detachments to be made from the
other two Sloops, which we left at Palma, one of
the Friends Iflands, for furthering our Defigns-, all
the Commanders went with us, except Plowman,
who was indifpofed : They landed on the 31ft at
Night in a fandy Bay, about 4 Miles from the
Town, and Orders were prefently given to march,
Capt. Rajh with his Company in the Van, Capt.
Browne in the Center, and Capt. Murray with Plow-
man's Men was in the Pvear : Our Guide was the
Indian before mentioned : We marched, being in
all Two Hundred and Seventeen, along the Sea-
fide, very fail, up to the Knees in Water, and I be-
lieve we were not above an Hour before we halted
at the Walls of the Caflle, not Piilol-Shot off, we-
having Orders from our Commanders to march
5 clofe

4<Jf

4^4- Davis his Expedition

clofe up to the Walls : We were prefently challen-
ged by the Centinel, who called for the Captain of
the Guard, and fired on us not above one Volley
of fmalJ Shot ; they were anfwered by us in the Van
in the fame Language ; after which we prefently
enter'd the Fort, they all forfaking it, as they did
the Town, without making any Oppofition ; we
m the Van had like to have had much Damage by
our own Men's Mifmanagement : For no fooner was
the Van engag'd, but the Center and Rear fired in
amongft us, and being dark, and not having Room
enough for 6 Men to march abreaft, it was very
good Fortune we loft no more Men than we did.
I cannot affert it for Truth, but believe Capt.
Browne was mot through the Head by our own
People, of which Wound he inftantly dyed ; one
JohnEhs was mot through the Body, and likewife
one Edward Raggett into the Shoulder, both of our
Sloop's Crew: We took Care as foon as we took
the Town, to fet a Main-guard at the Caftle, and
another in the Church, and (Centinels all round it:
Then we began to look about for Plunder, but the
Inhabitants having fome Intelligence of our Defio-n,
had 2 Days before conveyed all their Riches into
the Country ; fo that there was not left fo much
as a lilver Candleftick in their Churches, which was
very mortifying to us, fince we reckon'd upon the
ihanng near 200 Pounds a Man. All the People
we found here was a Mullatta- Woman, and one
Man ; we took 4 Slaves, and redeemed 4 Englifh-
Men, who were taken Prifoners by them in Tra-
ding. When we had plunder'd as much as we
could, Orders were given to fire the Town, which
we did, and fpiked up their Guns ; but we could
not carry them off, by Reafou our Craft was but
Canoes and Petty-Oagers, and hardly big enough
to carry off our Men and Plunder. We embarked
at 2 in the Afternoon, and no fooner were we a-

board,

fv the Gold Mines, &c.

board, and out of the Reach of Shot, but fome
Spaniards that lay fculking in the Woods, came
out and fired at us, to fhow us they were not all
kill'd. I cannot tell what Number of them was
flain, but believe there were feveral, by Reafon of
our firing into the Woods and Bullies, whole Vol-
leys, but could not fee them, it being fuch a
woody Country, and it would not have been fafe for
us to follow them, having a whole Country to en-
gage with a Handful of Men : About 4 the fame
Afternoon we all got aboard our Sloops, . and made
the beft of our way to the Ifland of Palma^. where
our other 2 Sloops lay ; about 7 we anchored there,
and made ready for the burying of Capt. Brown's
Corps, which was carryed afhore, and interred on
that Ifland, with all the Solemnity that the Place
and our Circumftance would allow of: This done,
they fet Sail on the 3 ift in the Evening for theSam-
balloes-Keys, in order to joyn the reft of their Con-
forts.

On the 3d of Auguft, we loft Company with the
"Thomas and Elizabeth, and Phcenix, and in the Inte-
rim it was agreed, that Capt. Brown's Sloop fhould
be commanded by Capt. Chrifiian, who was a Vo-
luntier on board us ; he being an old experienc'd
Soldier and Privateer, very brave and juft in all his
Actions.

On the 4th at 9 in the Morning we made the
Land, it bearing North Weft about 6 Leagues,
which proved to be Golden Ifland. On the eighth
we ftood in clofe to the Land, the Wind at N. we
flood along the Shore, N. W. by W. in order to
get in amongft the Keys, for there we defign'd to
anchor.

On the 9th, we faw 1 Sail, under the Shore, and

fending our Canoa to difcover what they were,

they proved to be the Dragon-Gally Capt. Pilkington,

and the Grey-hound, Capt. John Golding, who had

Vol. Ill Hh been

4<5$

544 to the Gold Mines, &c.

been treating with fome French Pyrates on Articles -,
that if they would fubmit and come in, they mould
be pardoned.

On the ioth, there was a Canoa fent afhore for
Water, the Pyrates giving them leave, and to Wood
alfo; they put up a Flag of Truce, in Order to
have Commerce with us, and feveral of them came
aboard: We treated them very handfomely, but
were forced to leave 2 of our Men afhore for Plott-
ages : Moll of them were French, I think there was
but one Englijk-mati and 2 Dutch-men among them,
they being in all about 800 Perfons. Their Craft
is no bigger than Petty-Oagers, but they have done
a great deal of Mifchief, both to the Spaniards and
all other Nations they could matter, and have
been very barbarous in their Actions, by mur-
dering of feveral that have fallen into their
Hands. They have lived among thefe Indians 16
Years, moft of them are marry'd among them,
and have got very confiderable Sums of Money:
They would have ventur'd to come aboard us,
and ftay'd with us, if their Pardon could be cer-
tain ; for they feem'd to be weary of the Courfe
of Life they follow'd. As foon as we got our Wa-
ter aboard, we in the Baflamento failed in order to
jOyn our Conforts at the Samballoes Keys •, we having
agreed to meet there before our going out of Jamai-
ca, from whence they fet out 5 Davs before us.
Capr. Pilkington informed us, that the Glocejier and
Sea-Horfe Men of War, had been engaged with the
Fort at Portobel, and that they landed above 300
Men from the Sloops •, but that before they could
get into the Town, the Glocejier Spring of his Ca-
ble, gave way, which made them leave off firing,
and go off ; but Capt. Pilkington the Day before,
had deluded fome Spaniards off, making them be-
lieve he came to trade, detained about 7000 Pieces of
Eight, before they had any Intelligence of the War;

and

DAVIS'/ Expedition

and had go* a confiderable Summ more, had it not
been difcovered by one Allen y an Trj/fc-Man, who
was Interpreter to the Glocejter ; and fo our Defign
mifcarried on that Place.

All our Company being met together at the Sam'
hallo's Keys, the foremen cion'd French Pirates came
aboard us, and we fent a MefTenger up to Don Pe*
dro, King of the Indians, to know if he would
come down, and agree to fuch Articles as we
fhould propofe to him, to join with us againft the
Spaniards •, he readily complied, and propofed to
take 300 Indians with him, in order to cut a Paf-
fage thro' the Woods, for our Men to march up to
the Mines ♦, the French Pirates refolved alfo to go
with us, provided they mould have an equal Share
with us, and (if poffiblej we procured them their
Pardon : But an unadvifed Word dropp'd by one
of our Captains, made them decline the Expedition,
and quite break off: However, they were fo honou-
rable, that they promifed to keep the Spaniards
they had clofe Prifoners for 5 or 6 Weeks, by
which Time we might have finifhed our Defign,
that fo no Intelligence might be given of the Ene-
my: The King of the Indians continued aboard the
Neptune with his Retinue ; he is a very fen fib le Man,
and was brought up amongft the French at Martinico%
fpeaks French , Spanijb, and broken Engli/h, and al-
fo writes it, which no other Indian can do in his
Country, and feemed very defirous of a Corref-
pondence with us ; and on the 14th in the Evening
there came 130 of the beft of the Pirates, with the-
Confent of the reft, on Board.

On the 1 5th Don Pedro, accompanied by fomc
of our Captains and others, went afhore, and treat-
ed them at his Houfe very nobly, after the Man-
ner of his Country ; they had Provisions very
Plenty of all Sorts, but they had no other Drink
but Mujhlaw7 made of Plantains, and Cbity made

H h 2 of

45-5,

4*8 DAVIS*/ Expedition

of Indian Corn and Water boiled, the manner of
it is thus, a parcel of Old Women chew the Corn,
and then drop it into a Calabajfh, from whence they
put it to boil, and fo drink it.

On the 1 6th Don Pedro returned, with our
Captains, and brought feveral of his Wives and
Grandees to attend him, with 14 Indians, which
were to ferve for Pilots up the River in our Canoes ;
one of the Women was Pedro's, Wife, who was
very richly dreft, with Corals, and other Stones,
which were put on Strings, round her Hands,
Arms, Legs, and Neck, to a very great value : I
was informed by Captain Chriftian that he had
feveral Wives more, and that'he had had a Child
by one of his own Daughters, and that that is very
common among them ; it is their way, that when-
ever they Marry their Daughters, that die Father
(if able) lies with them firft, if fhe is a Maid, and
if the Father is very Old, and pafl his Labour,
then the Eldeft Son does that Office, and the next
day all his and her Friends meet, and put them to-
gether: This Captain Chriftian is very well acquain-
ted with all their Methods, for he lived among them
fome Years, when he was out a Roving on the Ac-
county as the Jamaica Men call it, but it is downright
Pirating, they making their own Commiffions on
the Capftane.

This done we fet Sail, and on the 19th arrived
near the Barkadeers, or the place of landing, the
River we went up was one of the pleafanteft that
ever I was in, being very broad, and deep enough
for any Ship to ride in, if they could get over the
Bar that lies at the Mouth of it •, there were very
pleafant Trees on both fides, and all manner of
Fifh and Fowl in it \ Parrots were as plenty here as
Sparrows are at a Farmer's Barn Door in England
at Thrafbing time, and Monkeys like Flocks of
Sheep or/ a Common, but we durft not fire for fear

to the Gold Mines, &cJ

of any Spanifi- Indian mould be looking out and
difcover us : About twelve we turn'd into another
River on the Right-hand, not fo broad as the other
which brought us into a Lagoone ; about four we
got into it, it being a large Bay •, Land all round
us, only fmall Creeks, which carry us up to the
Barckadeers or landing Places, but no Houfes near
you, except it were Huts, which are built by tra-
velling Indians : We landed about five, at a very
muddy Place, having nothing but Swamps to
march through, and but one Man could go in the
Path, which was but juft cut by the Indians for us y
when we got out of that Path, we came to a Ri-
ver, which was full as bad marching as before, oc-
cafion'd by the great Rains defecending from the
Mountains, it took us fometimes up to the middle,
and when out of it, had nothing but Rocks to climb
over, and before we came to the Town (as they call
it) we croft this River thirty three times in ten Miles
March, and in moll Places it runs fo ftrong, that
it is as much as a Man can do to Hand on his Legs.
Some of the Men tumbled, and loft their
Arms and Ammunition, and almoft themfelves,
each having with him a Gun, Piftol and Cartouch
Box, with thirty Cartridges befides fpare Shot,
Powder and Provifions, burthen enough for a City
Porter, confidering the way :' We kept marching
that Night till it was quite dark, and then we cut
Wood and built our felves Huts to Iheker us from
the Weather ; at break of Day, on the twentieth,
we fet forward to the Town after the reft of our
Men, who had landed the Day before i and about,
ten a-Clock we came to the Place of Rendezvous,
where all our Men met together and lodged their
Arms, only Captain Plowman and Captain Pilhng-
ton were ordered to ftay with the Sloops-, at the
fame time there was Provilion brought us for alt
tlie People, as Hogs, Pickery's, Fowls, &V. a Pic-
H h 3 kery

450 D A V I S's Expedition

kery is a Creature like a Hog, and as fweet Meat
On the twenty firft at three in the Afternoon, Or-
ders were given to march, which we all did, down
the fame River we came up, but did not go above
a quarter of a Mile before we mounted one of their
Mountains ; the Path was fo narrow, that but one
Man could march, and almoft Perpendicular ; fo
that we were forced to hawl our felves up by Twigs
of Trees ; it was above a Mile and a half high, and
not twenty Yards of plain Ground on it, fo that
fome of the Men fainted, and were ordered back a-
gain to the Houfe we came from : Bon Pedro ha-
ying given Directions to all the Indians to take them
into their Houfes, and to let them not want for
any thing that could be got for them by Women
and Children, left in that Country, for he took
all the Men along with him. About feven in the
Evening we got to the Top of this Mountain, where
we lodg'd that Night in a Houfe, but not big
enough to hold our People, the reft lay without?
we being in all 482 Englijh, befides Indians, of
whom at that time they had no more than a Hun-
dred under Pedro, but moft of them very brisk
young Fellows, each of them having two Lances,
two Bows, and about twenty Arrows. They are
all naked, having long black Hair hanging down
to their Waftes, and a Horn which they put their
Yards into, ty'd with a String, and a very large
piece of Gold, with a Ring in the fhape of a half
Moon, reaching from Ear to Ear, and a Hole in
their Nofe, into which the Ring goes; and for the
Women they have a Clout about their Pofteriors,
and only a Ring in their Nofes : They value not
Money, for they had rather have fmall Beads,
which are but of little value. Since the French Py-
rates have been amongft them, they have learnt
jiow to make ufe of Fire^Arms, but very unhandi-,
ly : Don Pdro had a very good Gun and Hanger,

anci

to the Gold Mines* &C
and two or three more of the Captains, which were
all I faw .amongft them.

Next Day, after a very hard march,. we retted at
Night on tie Top of a very high Mountain, which
according to the beft of my Computation could not
be lefs than four or five Miles in heighth.

We had a very difficult March for the two fol-
lowing Days, efpecially by reafon of the narrow-
nefs of the Path, and the rapidity and depth of a
River we were forced twice to crofs ; and therefore,
on the 25th, refted among the Indians, who for the
moft part live upon Plantains, Caffador, and Beans •,
their Drink is Chitty made of Corn and Water
boyled, zndMuJhlaw. made with ripe Plantains boy led.
On the 26th we crofted the foremenuon'd Ri-
ver again, and befides many other Inconveniences,
were incommoded with getting up to a prodigious
Mountain, which, I believe, could not be Ids
than fix Miles high : Nothing remarkable hapned
next Day, only that we came up to a Spamjb
Houfe, in which we found a Boy fent from the
place which we defign'd to attack, in order to get In-
telligence. Our March on the 28th was exceeding
difficult, by reafon of the badnefs of the Way, fteepneis
of the Mountains, and the many Rivers we had to
pafs over j fo that our Men fell fick in great Numbers.
On the 20th we came up to a Houfe where there
was a Guard kept to look after us, confifting of a
Spanijh Captain and nine more, whofe Orders were
to <*ive all the Intelligence they could to the Mine,
whom we all killed, or took Prifoners, except one
who made his efcape to the Mine, and gave them
an account of our approach. We loft on our fide
one Indian, whom we bury'd m the Houfe. This
Day we marched over the higheft of all the Moun-
tains, and fuchaoneas I thought Man could not
be able to get up: I do really believe it could not
be lefs than feven or eight miles high, borne or
H h 4 0Uf

'47Z DA?IS'/^,&S

our Men imagin'd it to be within a Stone's caft of
Heaven and would willingly have tarry'd there
especially be.ng much wearied with the Fatigue
they underwent, and fuppofing they mould never
come again fo near the blifsful Region. We raffed
over three Rivers on the 3oth; ?nd being within
two miles of the Town of Cm, a Spaniard^
was fet on the look-out, was difcovet'd by our
l-orlorn, and was ft,ot dead by Captain GouUint;
we got into the Savannah fas they can it) abo*u
eleven but fuch an one, as I believe, was never
leen before, for we were up to the Crutches, go-
ing up to the Town in Mud and Dirt ; feveral of

cLlV7nify;Vh,ir Ams and Ammunition.
Captain Candy and Gouldmg with Pedro, being in
the Van, with about fifty Engiijh *nA thirty I Jans,
tell on as foon as they came within Gun-ihot, and

TUv We n°i COminS UP' as faft as t^y could,
if it had been dry, Gandy made a halt, but it was

not above two or three Minutes, the reft marching
as fail as poffible tojoyn them. The Spaniards fee-
ing no more of us in Number flood a fmall Brufh
but Covering the reft, quickly retired from the
Town to a Hill in the Woods ; however, we took
feme Pnfoners, and thence marching up to the
Hill, which was naturally very flrong, we quickly
drove them thence, and feizing wha" Booty they
left there we carryed it into lie Church, \ TZ
did next Day what Gold and Silver, with Rin<,s
and other rich Moveables we could get in the Town.
On the firft of September we fent out a Company
of our Men, with Spaniards and Negroes, to wafh
the Gold from the Oare; the Mine is onthef.de
of a great Hill, above Thirty Yards deep, and
feveral Caves run into the Hill farther than any
pne would venture to go ; the Oare they dig out
Oi it is a fort of a mixture of Rock, which after
M is dug out of the Mine is brought to the Mill,

which

to the Gold Mines, Sec! 473

which grinds it fmall, and then 'tis warned, made
up into the form of Bricks, and lodged in Houfes
built at the Mine for that purpofe, over which a
Guard is fet, with a Captain and Governour to fee
that the King is not cheated : After it has lain fome
fhort time in thofe Houfes, then it is wafh'd a
fecond time, and fo cleared of the Drofs or fome
rocky Part wherewith it's intermixed till there re-
mains pure Gold. They make a great quantity of
Gold every Day they work ; we made five pound
weight and nine Ounces in lefs than a Day. Every
thins; here fells at an Extravagant Rate, as a pound
of Sugar at fifteen Shillings, and fo proportionably
for all things elfe -, they carry what Gold they make
every fix "Weeks to Panama, which is feven Days
Journey from this Town. The Town was now
fearch'd more narrowly, when we found more Gold
and Plate. ; .

Next Day our Scouts brought in more Spaniards
m&fkg&as, than we had already in our Power, fome
of whom we fent with a Guard to the Mine to walh
the Oare, of which they made fix pound weight.

We fent twenty four Negroes on the third into
the Mine, who brought eight Pounds of Gold :
Now it was, that we began to punith fome of the
Spaniards and Negroes, to make them difcover
where they had hid their Treafure ; the Captain of
the Mine (who was our Prifoner) we ty'd up by
* the Neck fo long, till he was almoft dead, yet
could get nothing out of him, nor the reft, whom
we punilhed in the fame manner ; the Priefts having,
it feems, given them the Sacrament not to dif-
cover any thing upon pain of Damnation. But
though we could procure nothing this way, v/e
made however fourteen pound weight of Gold on
the 4th, as we did fixteen on the next ; when we
thought it time to kill Beef, and other Provifions,
and set Mules ready to carry our fick Men over

the

4$z D A V I SV. Expedition

the Savannahs : As we were leaving the Town on
the 7th, there was an old Prieft who Could hardly
creep, at whom Pedro fired his Gun, but feeing it
had not done any Execution, he took up a great
Stone and beat the poor Fellows Brains out, which
Barbarity the white Men much difliked ; then we
fired the Town, wherein I guefs there might be a-
bout nine hundred Houfes, but one Church ; it lyes
from Caledonia S. W. about fixteen Leagues ; fo
that our defign in marching fo far about, was to
come upon them undifcovered. Indeed, fuch a
March, was never undertaken before, by any, but
fome French Pyrates, who after they went fome
part of the way, returned again.

Having got over the Savannah on the 7th, we
were the three fucceeding Days much incommoded
in our March, efpecially with our fide Men •, but on
the eleventh, we got up to a large Indian Town,
where we joyned all together; but the Indians were
very unkind to us, for we could get little of any
iort of Provifions without ten times the value of
it j fo that fcarcity began to creep in among us,
molt of our Shoes were worn out \ fo that forty
or fifty Shillings was a common Price for an old
pair; others gave as much to have their Guns
carry'd; if we had fuch a Train of Women after
us, as ufually follows a Camp, they might have
got more Plunder, than forty fhares amounted to,
for any thing above a Pound weight was fo trouble-
iome that it was furely flung away ; it is indeed
almoft incredible what Hardfhip we endured, we
having throughout the whole Expedition, except
when at the Town, endured exceffive hunger,
travelling ftill over nothing but Mountains and
Rivers, lying always in the Rain, for we never had
it fair in the Night, and nothing to comfort us.
Things went no better with us the fucceeding
Days, but at length on the eighteenth we arrived

within

to the Gold Mines, &c.
within five Miles of the Barkadeers •, from whence
Capt Chriftian was fent with a Party of Men to
Capt Robins, to -fee if it was poffible to get the
Pirates down aboard the Sloops, but few of them
would truft us: Captain Robins, who was an Indian,
and of confiderable Authority there, having been
difobliged before our fetting out upon our Expe-
dition, becaufe he was not invited to dine with
Von Pedro and the reft of the Captains, threatned to
kill any Englifh-mtn that came to them for the future.
Having got all things in a readinefs, and em-
barked on board our Sloops by the a I ft, the Com-
manders held a Confultation, wherein it was agreed
that Articles fhould be drawn to renew the Confort-
ftiip for one Month, and that we fhould divide in-
to three Squadrons-, the Neptune, Blejfing Edward
and SaraF, &™ld cruize off PortoM for one
Month, and the Phenix, Thomas, Elizabeth and
Content, mould cruize off Carthagena, and the
Bajiamento's, Greyhound and Dragon, fhould be at
the Rivers Mouth of Jacco, till they all returned,
which was agreed upon in a Months time, and then
we defiened to go up the River.

It will be unneceffary, as well as too tedious tor
to follow thefe three fmall Squadrons m their

refpeftive Cruifings-, 'tis fufficient to obferve, that
they met with no great matter of Booty, eipeci-
ally thofe whofe Station it was to be about the
Mouth of Jacco, who in the fpace of five Months,
that they continued in thefe Parts, could never hear
of any Tidings of 201 white Men, befides Negroes,
who fome time before went up the River oi Jacco,
in order either to trade with the Jacco % Indians,
who have a great deal of Gold, or to join with
them againft a rich Spanijb Town in that Country %
and fo gave them over in a manner for loft,

FINIS.

I N.D E X

To Mr. WA FER's Voyages.

f A Gutters) &ow puni/hedVag.

307
212

333
378
332

328

387
295

/*-

Air at Portobel,

■ at Panama,

Alligators,

AmapaL'a Gulph,

Anguilla, its Land-Crabs.

Animals of the Ifthmus.

Antsi

Arica,

AQl-Ifle,

Authors firft Voyagei 269

cond Voyage, 270. firft meets

Mr, Dampier, 271. Mis for.

tuns inpajjmg the Ifthmus, ib.

great Hardjhps, 272, to 283.

narrowly ef capes Drowning,

280. his fear of the Indians,

281. fets out for the North-
Sea a fecond time, 283. bleeds
LacentaV Lady, 285. his re-
pute among the Indians, ib.
gets leave of Lacenta to depart,
288. fets out a third time for
the North-Seas, ib. arrives
at the Seaside, 290. meets

. with the Privateers, 292. his
coaftzng about the Weft-Indies

with Mr. Dampier, 293. ar-
rival at Virginia, 294. goes
a fecond time with Mr. Dam-
pier into the South-Sea, *and
parts with him there, ib. Voy-
age continued, 378. arrives
at Penfilvania, 398. and Vir-
ginia again, ibid.

Bantam, 26j

Barcaderoes, or Landing places,

268
Baftimento's 7fle3 271, 303

Bats. 35g

Bees.

339

Bzzozr-fiones in Mocha Sheep,
384
Bibby- tree and Fruit, 281,318
and Oil, ojg

Birds of the I flhmus. 334, 3^7
Blood-letting, 28<5

— — Toro, 507

Bonano s, Tree and Fruit, 3 19
Bowman (William) his narrow

Efcape, 277

Brafi], 5p7

Buckenham (Capt.) taken Pnfo-

[oner, 270. hard Ufage, 271
G

INDEX,

Viet,
Diver f on,

Calabafh-tree, I21

Canes, \. 12%

Cmt-Bay, 296, 2?8

Cartagena, 270, m

G#*x>4 &«** *«<* ?W*j 326
Cats, much efteemed by the In-
dians, 33°
Cavally-fi(h, 3<P
Cedars, £ 3l6
Chagre-Xiwr, 298, 307, 310
Chains, Ornamental, 335
Cheapo-Rirw, 281,31°
Chepelio-//fo, , 3*3
Chicaly-Chicaly, Bird, 334

2vit2V**, 318,380

CWfo usd by the Indians, 345

Conception-Kiwr, 298, 302

Congo-ffiwr, 3°9

Conjuring, 29°

Cookery, 37°

■Copayapo-Rnw, 3°5

Coquimbo, 3b2

Cormorants, 33°

Corofou-Bird, 334

Cotton Tree, 283,336

Cwicfe, 342

CtozK L^«i, 332

5^, 342

Crab-//W, 332

Vancing, 365

£teai £<?to /0W»<* fiS abundance,

389

Dwr, 329

Dexterity of the Indians, 360
Diadems of Gold, &c. 352

Dog-fi(J>,
Drink,

373

329

34*>
357

Earthquake felt at Sea, 391.

SAi/tf cafi far on Land by

them, 390, 391

£**»£, 37°

Education, 36c>

Employments, 3 59? 3 6 5

Efiantions (what) 312

F^, 3^5

John Fernando J/fc, 383, 39?

flip*, 388

$p 0/ f&? Ifthmus, 34°> 343

Tifhing, m 343

Fly, fhining, 1 3s

■ FAwi*, 278,315

K?rf j, or War-houfes, 355

Fowl of the Ifthmus 336

fruits of the Ifthmus, 3 16

Gainy (GeorgeJ) drowned, 274
■GallapagoW/k, 38l)3?1

Gtfr-JZA 0 34*

Garachina, 308,312

Guatimala Government, 312
Gopfon (Richard) dies, 293

Go/J, 286

Go\den-l/land7 271, 299

Gold-River, 286, 308, 382

Gorgonia,

Gourds,

Guacha,

Guanoes,

Go,avras

382
322
38s

333,381
381

$ea->

INDEX

338 and Calculation, 372, fee;

Language and. Pronunciation,

377. Good Qualities, 273, 274,

, 282,367,380. Bad, 366,367

Injects, 33Ij3^8

4&z/2Jj oh each fide the Ifthmus3

296, 25)1

lithmus 0/ Darien ; its breadth,

&C.294. Situation, i$6. Mils,

&c 396. faWi, 298. North*

Sea Coaft defcribed, 298. &c.

South-Sea Coaft, 307, &c. &w7,

3 * 3- ^^297, 3I4. ^>

and Weather, 3 16. JfiW^, 28 r,

3 1 5. Vegetables, 3 1 6. ftuftf*

and Reptiles, 3 28. j&nfc and

Flying InfeBs, 338. /w^f-

tanti> 344

Sea-Gulls,

Habits of the chief Indians, 350,
=?53- of the other Men and
Women,

Hair,

Hills,

Bogs,

Jiony,

Horn, Cape,

Horfes,

Houfes,

Hunting,

Husbandry,

354,35*'

345, 347

289, 296

328

33?
394
393

354

*>6l
358

Jamaica, 270

amby Town, 269

Ice-lflands, 294

SjM' Bark, 375, 388

Iihor, 269

Indians cure the Author, 273.
are difpleafed, 274. confult
to kill the Author and his Com-
pany, 275. afterwards receive
them kindly, and why, 282.
Conjuring, 290. their Sta-
ture, Features, 8cc. 344
cutting off their Hair on kil-
ling an Enemy, 345. white
Indians, 346. painting them-
f elves, 348. Ornaments of
.both Sexes, 350, 8cc. Houfes,
354, &c. Plantations, and
Husbandry, 3 56. Wfr«wwj Em-
ployments, 359. Lying-in, 360.
Education of Children ,ib. 361
&c. Afewx Employments, 362!
Marriages and Feafts3 363,
364. Recreations, 355. ifo*£-
£«§• tf«<f Cookery, 367, 270.
Travelling, 371. Numbers

Lacenta &j G>i%, 275. PaAw,
283. detains the Author, &c.

287. £7WX &w /^^ ^ J5-

part, 288. Ms Wives 362

-Ltfw^, barren, 287

F/Wj, 279, 3 1 5

— - -jaw difcovered, called by

Mr. Dampier, Davis'* Land,

Language, *%

JW . ib.

«^i 3 1«>

JW'» 342

Lizards, 222

Locuft-tree> -24

Lorenzo, Ojfe, JjJ

M.
Macaw-berries, and Tree, 277,

3*7
Macaw

INDEX.

Macaxo-birds, 33 5

Maho-tree, 321

Main, Plover, and Drink, 357
Malacca, . 269

Mammee-tree and Fruit, 3 1 9
Mammee-Sappota, 31?

Manchineel tree and Fruit, foi-
fonous, 32°

Mang rove-trees^ 303,325

Marriages, 3^3

Mice 33°

St. Michael's Gulph, 296, 3e8,
309
Mijlaxo of Plantains, 358

Mocha-///*, 383>3*3

Modefty of ^Indians, 350, 362
Monkeys, 330, 382

Moon-eydlnfoms, 347

Moskito's9 or Gnats, 315

N.
la Nafca, 382

Nata, 312

Nicaragua Lake, 298

Nombre de Dios, 30 +

North-Sea Coafi of the Ifthmus,
2p7
No fe- rings, 35 £

Numbering andNumsralNames,
. J7*
Numbednefs with drinking Coco-
milk, 38°

318

Oil of Bibbyberries,

■ -Olive,

—of the Soldier-InfeBs*, its

Vertues, 332

Old Wives} a Fifi, 34g

Oranges, 388

Oyfters, 382

Pache^ue I/lands 3*3

Panama, 295, 306, 31 X

Faracoods, Fi§9 34°

Farakites, 33*

Farrot-fi/h, ' 342

jp^w^w/wg-, <?r Conjuring, 292
?G3irl-iflartds, 296,^15

Fecary, Beafl, 32§

P<?/ic<m, 337

Penfilvania, 59*

P^<?r, 32^

Perica//fe, BII>3I3

Ferivoinkles, 342

&*■#«, . 33s

Pi«<?- tf/yw<«3 Bw£, 3 2°

Pines //W, 3°°

Pifca, 38*

Plantains, 3lg

Plantations, 35<>

J&te* 0/ Ge/d, &c. ornamental,

Popes-heads, a Shrub, 32O

Portobel, 271, 3°7> 3^

Port Royal, 270

Potato's 32*

Prickle-pear, Fruit, 320

Privateers make an order to kill

ihofe that flag, 272. four left

on the Ifthmus wif* tfo Author,

ib. /^t;<? £&0 Ifthmus, ana

c»$«i/£ z« ^ W. Indies, 294.

oifi/tf om *fo G?tf/£ 0/ Peru,

381

Frovifions, 3^7

Punta mala, 31*

Quolla, or Landing-place} 269
Quam, fir d, 334

Rabbits,

Rain,

R,ats>

330
178,314, 396

53o
Realeja,

INDEX.

Realeja,
Recreations,
Rio-grande,
Rivers,

-hot.

378

312

298, 302,

379

Salt how made,
Sambo-River, 308

SambalJoes Channel, 302

Samballoes Ifles, 301

Samballas Point, 305

Santa, Ships caft a-ground there,
390
Santa Maria, 271,308,393

Sappadilloes Tree and Fruit , 3 19
Savannahs, 210

Scrivan iW, 203

Sculpms, Fiflj, 342

Sea- Gulls, 138

Sea-pi es, jb.

Scuchadero, 309

Sharks , ^0

SheU-fi/Jj, 342

iSfir/U caft fome Miles on the Shore,

390
Shining Fly, 138

Sholes^
Silk-grafs,
Smoakin?,
Snakes,
Snooks Fifh, .
51m/ 0/ £#5 Ifthmus,
Soldier Infebl,
La Sounds A^y,

510
32 1
327
331
342
298,313

33*

301

&ttf£ ■&* Coafi of the Ifthmus,
307
Spanifh Indians, 305

Spaniards deftroy Mocha, g^.393
Spiders, 351

Springe^ Key, 301

Stingrays Fijh, 342

Storms,
Sugar,
Sugar- Canes*

Tamarinds,
Tarpom, Fijh,
Terra del Fuego,
Theft, *

Thunder,
Tigers,

Teeth,

388
320

324
340

394
363

315
353
ib.

X«h<?, the Indians computation of

Tobacco,
Tortoife,
Travelling,
Trees,

372
327
38l

276, 371

301,316

510

Valleys,

Venta de Cruzes,

Vermin, ^ t

Vermejo, dead Bodies there, 589

Warree Beaft,

Wan,

Water,

Wax,

Weather,

Weaving,

Wine La Nafca, Pifca, £f <

Women,
Woods,
Woodpecker,
Wood, light,

red,

• white,

Tamt,
YJo River,
Yanky (Captain)

3*8
169
296

339
314
361

382

354>35?3ib. 3*i
314

336

3*6

324

326
388

INDEX

INDEX to the Additions.

4^8
444

ib.
ib.

tb.
424
399

ACacia,
Adam's Apple
Amarinth-like Herb
Aloes
Anda
Angelin

Ants ; feveral forts
Ant- Bear, two forts
Apple, Ball, Bread, £fc. 429-
Love, white flowered, Hoary,
£sfc. Apples, 440. Apple \Pine)
444
Armadillo great, leffer and Round-
headed 399
Arnotto 438
Arfmart 444
Avens ' #•
Awl-fifti, two forts, 410
B.

BArbel, feveral forts, 410,411
Bottatas 444

Bees; feveral forts 424

Beetle; feveral forts 425

Berries 43P

Berry (Sea) 444

Befom-weed 445

Bill-Bird ; the different forts, 402
Bill-fifh 411

Bindweed 445

Elite ib.

Blood-fifli 411

Bodiano, two forts ib.

Bofchratte,
Brafil-wood
Calavancies
Broom ( welted)
Bugs
Bur

Bar-buds
Bum (Cotton J
Button-tree
Buttons (yellow)
Butterflies

C
r^Alabalh-tree, 431.
Sh* leaved
Calavances f ground)
Camaras
Campion (Star)
Canibal ; feveral forts
Canes
Canow-tree
Caplicums

Carp, two forts 41

CafBa

Caterpillars, 4;

Catkin
Cats (wild)
Chaffinch

Chardone, 447. yellow,
Cherries 43ij£fc-

Chickweed 447

Chitty, how made
Climers
Cocks-foot

Coco and Coral Trees
Cod

Copaiba-Balfom
Cotton-weed
Crabs ; feveral forts,

4°5
tb.

INDEX.

44S9

448

ib.

DAfie
Dock

Dogsbane

Dolphin

Dragons (Apple-rooted) 449

Duck • feveral forts, 403 , gsfCf

E,
P Agle, two forts 403

-^ Earthnuts. 449

Ebony 4,2

fc4dcra 44p

fceJ-gar 4X?

Elder (thrumj 4-2

Elecampane 44p

Elephant-Hog ; 4-0

Efhidges 406

F. .

P Erns 449

•*- Finbeard, and the other forts,

is- « 412,413

Fire- Root 4«£

• Fifli, Hound, Jacket, Iron, &e.

w 4H;4I5

**lax 449

•Fleabane , ,, c0

Flies 426,427

Flower, Tree, Cure, Sweer, ($c,

433. Flower-Fence, Dwarf,

Feather, Horn, gsfc. 450

Foxglove ]},

Ermander 4^q

Ginger ft.

Gnats' 427

Gold Mines deferred 472

Gourds, 432. Bottle Ivy^c.

Granadillas 470

Grafs, Flower, Feather, &c, 4^1,

Groundfel 4^2

Guana ^21

433

Gum tree -

tT Ang-nefi, two forts 4o6

f-*- Head Gold, hard, £fr. 4.12
Heart- wort T^

Hemlock 4^

Heron, feveral forts 404

Hog, Horned, Sea, £fr, 413,414
Hop-tree 440

Horehound 4<-2

Humming-bird ; feveral forts, 404,

Hunchback 402

T Racacia s 424

-*- jeffamine 4c2
Indians, their Inceftuous way of

living, 468. Defcnbed, 450

Indico, Bafe, gfc. 4^
Jnga's '

Iron-wood 4^4

* K,

JZ" Not wort 452

414

453

7" Igwm.viu
*^ Water Lilly

Lizzard

Looftrifes
Loeufts

\X Ackarel

J>1 Maiden Hairs

Mallows

Mangrove- tree3

Meeuwe

Mechoacan

Melons

MintfBalfam)

421,422
45?

427

414

456

453*454

434

406

453

456

453

Miiletoe (Heart-leaved J 440,454
Monkey- Hare, 400. Black, Satyr,
401
Monkeys, where plenty q6p

Monorchia 454.

Mountain^

INDEX.

Mountains, vaftly high 450, 451

Mullein 435

Musk Boar 399

Mufhroom ("Antidote) 454

Muftacho-Bird 402

MuftardfThrum) 454

*^T Ettle-berry 440

•^ Nettles 454

Nichars ib.t

Nightfhade (black) ib,'

GCcoerabo 454

Okers (ihort) 455

Orchis's 455

Owl, feveral forts 406

p Alma's 441

•*- Palms 435
Parrakeet, the feveral forts 407

Parrot, the feveral forts, 407

very numerous 468

Parfley (Star) 465

Partridges 407, 408

Peach ;\Bread J 43 5

Pearch, feveral forts 415

Pearl-feed 455

Peas 441

fedro (Don" King of the Indians ,

455. defcribed ib,

Pellican, two forts 408

Pellitories 44 1

Penguins , ib.

Peppers ib.

Pheafants, two forts 408

Pickery, what it is 450

Pitoma 435

Plantane 455
Plumbs 436,441,442

Polipody's 455
Pongie, great and fmall 400

Porcupine 400^415

Tortobel, attempted by the Gb-

cefter)8cc. ^66-

Poffum \ 401

Privateers, arrive at the Iiles of

Palma, 465

They take Tholoe, 464. fee

out for the Gold Mines, 469,

take SanBa Maria de Cana%

472, their Anions at the

Gold Mines, ib. Return,

with the Particulars, 462, &cj

Pumpkin 455

Purflains 45 5>45<*

Py rates, {French) 4<<

Abbit, eollar'd, Hog, long-

nofed and fpotted ' 481

Rackoon ib.

Reeds, Arrow, thorny, gefc, 456

Reft- Harrows ib*

River-Hog 4x0

River-Tree 425

Rod, Balfamick, &q. 442

Rofe-Trees, 436

Rot (white) 457

§ Met (Angola) 457

^ Salt-Tree 436

Sarfaparilla 457

Sea-Swine 206

Seed (Oil) 0^7

Sempervive ib«

Senfible Plants 442

Shark, feveral forts 415

Ship-Nuts 420

Shrew- Moufe 400

Silk- Finger Elder 432

Silver-Head a.<j

Sloath 401
Snakes, feveral forts, 422, £«f c.

Snake Herbs 45-7

Sokjanella 457
Solomons

INDEX.

Sotomoris Sea!

Sorrel, (Purple)

Sparrow feveral forts

Spiders

Spikes CGolden^)

Spoonbill

Squill

Squirrel (ftripedj

Starling, feveral forts

Stock-Fifh

Sugar-Cane

*T* Ail, Hard, Gold,£fa4i6*,4i7

x Ratstail 458

Tairera, two forts 412

Thotoe (Telu) taken by the

Privateers 464

Thomback; fevcial forts 417

Thornberry 443

Time (Citron J 458

Titmoufe, two forts 406

Toad-bane 458

443

458
408
428

443

402

458

40 1
408
41S
443

Trefoils

Turtle ; feveral forts

Turnfole

U.
T T Nicorn-bird
^ Vomit fDiffentrick)

W.
TLTAgarthorny)
Tr Water Hen; feveral fortsj

Waved Torch
Wharle (umbellated)
Wide-mouth, two forts
Yellow Willow Herb,
Wood*pecker; feveral forts
Wood Cabinet, Camel
Wood f twine )

Y.
Y" Ams
-*■ Yellow-trees
Yellow Vioiefctree

45^

4°2
45P

402

459
.437

443
45?
406

459

409

437
459

45P, 460

437

44*

2>V

■

;*■

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